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Postnatal persistent infection with classical Swine Fever virus and its immunological implications.

It is well established that trans-placental transmission of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) during mid-gestation can lead to persistently infected offspring. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of CSFV to induce viral persistence upon early postnatal infection. Two litters of 10 piglets each were infected intranasally on the day of birth with low and moderate virulence CSFV isolates, respectively. During six weeks after postnatal infection, most of the piglets remained clinically healthy, despite persistent high virus titres in the serum. Importantly, these animals were…

Early pathogenesis of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains in Danish pigs.

Host-virus interactions play an important role for the clinical outcome of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infections in pigs. Strain virulence, host characteristics and environment are all factors that markedly influence disease severity. We tested CSFV strains of varying virulence in an experimental set-up, reducing the influence of host and environmental factors. Thus, weaner pigs were inoculated with one of 4 CSFV strains in order to compare the pathogenesis for a 3-week-period after infection. CSFV strains selected were 2 new and 2 previously characterized. None of these strains had be…

Localization of classical swine fever virus in male gonads during subclinical infection.

In an experiment using ten boars, the distribution of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was determined in the male reproductive tract by in situ hybridization over a period of 120 days after intranasal inoculation. CSFV was detected in the testicular tissue of infected boars. Viral nucleic acid was localized to spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids but was not detected in the epithelia of the prostate, epididymis or bulbourethral gland. Sections from control, CSFV-negative, pigs showed no hybridization signals for CSFV. The demonstration that CSFV infects the spermatogonia (and their pr…

A Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) induce similar clinical signs in infected pigs, including hyperthermia, anorexia, hemorrhage, respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and/or abortions in pregnant sows. The differential diagnosis of these diseases relies on laboratory examinations. In this study, a quadruplex RT-qPCR was established using four pairs of specific primers and probes aimed at the B646L (p72) gene of ASFV, the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of C…

Emergence of a novel subgenotype 2.4 of classical swine fever virus in India.

Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) remains a major constraint to pig production worldwide, despite vaccination and control efforts. This study investigated the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and population structure of CSFV using E2 gene sequences from 53 Indian isolates spanning 18 states and union territories and 85 global isolates from 28 countries. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Indian CSFV strains predominantly belong to genotype 2, with subgenotype 2.2 as the dominant and widely distributed lineage across India, reflecting long-term endemic circulation. Subgenotype 2.4, restrict…

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Erns protein of classical swine fever virus: application for virus detection.

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV; genus Pestivirus), is a highly transmissible disease in pigs that leads to severe economic losses for pig farmers worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of CSFV infections is crucial for effective containment of the disease, especially in endemic areas. In this study, the full-length viral protein Erns was successfully expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and its antigenicity confirmed by western blot and indirect ELISA (iELISA) using CSFV-specific antiseru…

Virus load in pigs affected with different clinical forms of classical swine fever.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an endemic disease in India, but the real magnitude of the problem is not known as only outbreaks of acute CSF are reported and many cases of chronic and clinically inapparent forms of the disease, which manifest a confusing clinical picture, remain undiagnosed. The real status of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection can only be known by testing pigs with highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. To obtain the baseline prevalence of CSFV infection among pigs in an endemic region where no vaccination was being performed, a real-time PCR assay was us…

Classical swine fever virus: a ring test to evaluate RT-PCR detection methods.

Six laboratories participated in an exercise to compare the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR tests for the detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Two sets of coded samples were prepared by serial dilution of positive samples and then distributed to each of the laboratories. One set comprised 34 samples of random primed cDNA. These had been synthesised from viral RNA representative of seven different genetic subtypes of CSFV. The other set comprised 40 clinical samples containing tonsil, spleen, whole blood or serum from a pig that had been experimentally infected with CSFV. Each…

Kinesin-1 Regulates Endocytic Trafficking of Classical Swine Fever Virus along Acetylated Microtubules.

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an important and highly infectious pig disease worldwide. Kinesin-1, a molecular motor responsible for transporting cargo along the microtubule, has been demonstrated to be involved in the infections of diverse viruses. However, the role of kinesin-1 in the CSFV life cycle remains unknown. Here, we first found that Kif5B played a positive role in CSFV entry by knockdown or overexpression of Kif5B. Subsequently, we showed that Kif5B was associated with the endosomal and lysosomal trafficking of CSFV in the early stage…

Differentiation of Classical Swine Fever Virus Virulent and Vaccine Strains by CRISPR/Cas13a.

As a notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal disease listed by World Organisation for Animal Health (formerly the Office International des Epizooties [OIE]), classical swine fever (CSF) has caused great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide during recent decades. Differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) is urgent for eradication of CSF. In this study, a diagnostic platform based on CRISPR/Cas13a was established with the ability to differentiate between classical swine fever virus (CSFV) virulent and vaccine strains. In combination with reverse transcription recombi…

Classical swine fever virus (C strain) distribution in organ samples of inoculated piglets.

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and a nested polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription (RT-PCR) were used for the detection of the Chinese strain (C strain) of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of experimentally inoculated piglets. One group of 10 piglets was inoculated with C strain material from rabbits and a second one with material from infected minipig kidney (MPK) cell culture. Tested blood samples were taken on the day of inoculation as well as on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 16. Samples of spleen, tonsil and brain tissue were collecte…

In vitro inhibition of the replication of classical swine fever virus by capsid-targeted virus inactivation.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious fatal disease of swine. Few effective antiviral drugs are currently available against CSFV infections. To explore the feasibility of using capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI) as an antiviral strategy against CSFV infections, we expressed the CSFV capsid protein (Cap) fused with the nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus (SN) in Escherichia coli and investigated its effects on the replication of CSFV in PK-15 cells. The results indicated that the fusion protein Cap-SN showed a strong C…

Swine Host Protein Coiled-Coil Domain-Containing 115 (CCDC115) Interacts with Classical Swine Fever Virus Structural Glycoprotein E2 during Virus Replication.

Interactions between the major structural glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) with host proteins have been identified as important factors affecting virus replication and virulence. Previously, using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified swine host proteins specifically interacting with CSFV E2. In this report, we use a proximity ligation assay to demonstrate that swine host protein CCDC115 interacts with E2 in CSFV-infected swine cells. Using a randomly mutated E2 library in the context of a yeast two-hybrid methodology, specific amino acid mutations in the CSFV E2 prot…

Pathology of the outbreak of subgenotype 2.5 classical swine fever virus in northern Vietnam.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an endemic disease in southeastern Asia and is one of the most important swine diseases in Vietnam. This stud … on the age of the animals. The most consistently observed lesions associated with infection by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) included lymphoid depletions in tonsils, lymph node and spleen; histiocytic hyperplasia in spleen; cerebral haemorrhage; perivascular cuffing in the brain; renal erythrodiapedesis; urothelial vacuolation and degeneration and interstitial pneu …

Classical swine fever virus induces pyroptosis in the peripheral lymphoid organs of infected pigs.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly lethal disease in pigs, which is characterized by immunosuppression. Leukopenia is known to be a possible mechanism of immunosuppression during CSFV infection. As a new and specialized form of cell death, pyroptosis is the key response of the innate immune system to pathogens, and is widely involved in the occurrence and development of infectious diseases. However, the relationship between CSFV and pyroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of pyroptosis in pigs following CSFV infection. According to qRT-PC…

Establishment and characterization of a chimeric infectious cDNA clone of classical swine fever virus.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly contagious disease among swine that has an important economic impact worldwide. There are two important CSFV strains in China, Shimen and hog cholera lapinized virus (HCLV). Shimen strain is highly virulent while HCLV, also referred to as C-strain, is a live attenuated vaccine strain considered to be one of the most effective and safest live vaccines. In this study, a chimeric infectious cDNA clone of CSFV named pT7SM-c was engineered by replacing the E(rns) genomic region of an infectious clone of CSFV Shimen strain, pT7SM, with the same regi…

Характеристика основных областей и пластичность классического вируса свинцовой лихорадки.

Пестивирусы - это патогены клетчатых животных, принадлежащих Флавивириде. Псептивиральная частица состоит из липидной мембраны, содержащей три конверта гликпротеинов Эрнс, Е1 и Е2, и нуклеокапсида неизвестной симметрии, которая состоит из основного белка и вирусно-позитивного генома РНК. Положительно заряженный персивиарный белок состоит из 86 — 89 аминокислот. Для анализа организации основных областей в последовательность кодирования основных элементов были введены сокращения N- и C-терминальных значений, а также внутренние исключения в контексте инфекционного клона CDNA классического вируса

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Pestiviruses are pathogens of cloven-hoofed animals, belonging to the Flaviviridae. The pestiviral particle consists of a lipid membrane con … etions, were introduced into the Core coding sequence in the context of an infectious cDNA clone of classical swine fever virus strain Alfort. Amino acids 179 to 180, 194 to 198, and 208 to 212 proved to be of special importance for the generation of progeny virus. The results of transcomplementation of a series of C-terminally truncated Core molecules indicate the importanc …

Genome-wide transcriptome profiling in crossbred pigs after challenge with Classical Swine Fever Virus.

The present study aimed to characterize the immune response, differential gene expression, and functional alterations observed following an in vivo challenge of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) in crossbred pigs. RNA-sequencing was performed on whole blood samples collected from three pigs before and at 7 days post-infection. A total of 3428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 970 significantly upregulated and 261 downregulated genes (|log2 fold change| ≥ 1.5, adjusted p < 0.05). The most prominent DEG was LAMB4, a gene associated with cellular attachment recepto…

Characteristics of Classical Swine Fever Virus Variants Derived from Live Attenuated GPE- Vaccine Seed.

The GPE- strain is a live attenuated vaccine for classical swine fever (CSF) developed in Japan. In the context of increasing attention for the differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) concept, the achievement of CSF eradication with the GPE- proposes it as a preferable backbone for a recombinant CSF marker vaccine. While its infectious cDNA clone, vGPE-, is well characterized, 10 amino acid substitutions were recognized in the genome, compared to the original GPE- vaccine seed. To clarify the GPE- seed availability, this study aimed to generate and characterize a clone possessi

Isolation and Characterization of a Moderately Virulent Classical Swine Fever Virus Emerging in China.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a devastating infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). In China, CSF has been under control owing to extensive vaccination with the lapinized attenuated vaccine (C-strain) since 1950s, despite sporadic or endemic in many regions. However, recently, CSF outbreaks occurred in a large number of swine herds in China. Here, we isolated 15 CSFV strains from diverse C-strain-vaccinated pig farms in China and characterized the genetic variations and antigenicity of the new isolates. The new strains showed unique variations in the E2 protei…