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Systemic Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disorder increasingly linked to chronic inflammation and redox imbalance, yet its syste … ficant. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed independent associations of lipid peroxidation, nitrosative stress, and kynurenine pathway activation with BPH after adjustment for age and metabolic parameters. These findings support a role for systemic oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in BPH pathophysiology, although confirmation in age-matched and longitud …

Nature and Implications of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses in Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Oxidative and nitrosative stresses can damage cellular membranes, disrupt mitochondrial function, alter gene expression, promote the apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes, and increase fibrosis in diverse acute and chronic liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. The objectives of this review are to describe the mechanisms of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in inflammatory liver disease, indicate the pathogenic implications of these stresses in autoimmune hepatitis, and suggest investigational opportunities to develop interventions that counter them. The principal antioxidant defense…

The plasma membrane of microaerophilic protists: oxidative and nitrosative stress.

The trans-plasma-membrane electrochemical potential of microaerophilic protists was monitored by the use of voltage-sensitive charged lipoph … s indicative of metabolic perturbation or environmental stress. Here, it is shown that oxidative or nitrosative stress depolarizes the plasma membranes of the aforementioned O(2)-sensitive organisms and allows DiBAC(4)(3) influx. Oxonol uptake thereby provides a sensitive and early indication of plasma-membrane perturbation by agents that may lead to cytotoxicity an …

Fundamental Mechanisms of the Cell Death Caused by Nitrosative Stress.

Nitrosative stress, as an important oxygen metabolism disorder, has been shown to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, aortic aneurysm, heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Nitrosative stress refers to the joint biochemical reactions of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2 -) when an oxygen metabolism disorder occurs in the body. The peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) produced during this process can nitrate several biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, to generate 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), which further induces cell…

Oxygen and pulmonary vasodilation: The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Respiratory failure complicates up to 2% of live births and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Under these conditions, supplemental oxygen is required to support oxygen delivery to the brain and other organs, and to prevent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, therapeutic oxygen is also a source of reactive oxygen species that produce oxidative stress, along with multiple intracellular systems that contribute to the production of free radicals in pulmonary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. These free radicals cause vasoconstriction, act on multiple sit

Variation of genes involved in oxidative and nitrosative stresses in depression.

The dominating hypothesis among numerous hypotheses explaining the pathogenesis of depressive disorders (DD) is the one involving oxidative and nitrosative stress. In this study, we examined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes encoding SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), CAT (catalase), GPx4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), NOS1 (nitric oxide synthase 1), NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2), and the development of depressive disorders. Our study was carried out on the DNA isolated from peripheral blood collected from 281 depressed patients and 229 controls. Using TaqMan probe…

Evidence for oxidative/nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of liver failure. HE manifests as a series of neuropsychiatric and neuromuscular symptoms including personality changes, sleep abnormalities, asterixis and muscle rigidity progressing through stupor to coma. The pathophysiologic basis of HE remains unclear. There is general agreement that ammonia plays a key role. In recent years, it has been suggested that oxidative/nitrosative stress constitutes part of the pathophysiologic cascade in HE. Direct evidence for oxidative/nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of HE has been demonstrated in e…

Effect of combined oxidative and nitrosative stress on Neisseria meningitidis.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced by the human immune system in response to infection. Methods to detoxify these reactive species are vital to the survival of human pathogens, such as Neisseria meningitidis, which is the major aetiological agent of bacterial meningitis. Following activation, macrophages produce superoxide (O(2)(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO). The toxicity of O(2)(-), generated using X/Xo (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and H(2)O(2) was investigated in the presence and absence of the NO donor DEA-NONOate [2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in kidney disease: a case for cyclosporine A.

The immunosuppresor cyclosporine A (CsA) has been associated to human endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis. Sympathetic o … ich CsA produces an antioxidant-sensitive nitration of tyrosine, a marker for endothelial damage by nitrosative stress. Superoxide anion is the limiting factor in the formation of peroxynitrite in CsA-treated endothelial cells. Treatment with CsA may lead to the nitration of specific proteins such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). We propose that peroxynitr …

Decline in nitrosative stress drives antibiotic persister regrowth during infection.

Internalization of pathogenic bacteria by macrophages results in formation of antibiotic-tolerant persisters. These cells are maintained in a non-growing state for extended periods of time, and it is assumed that their growth resumption causes infection relapse after cessation of antibiotic treatment. Despite this clinical relevance, the signals and conditions that drive persister regrowth during infection are not yet understood. Here, we found that after persister formation in macrophages, host reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced in response to Salmonella infection lock persisters in gro

Inflammation Promotes Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.

Chronic inflammation is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytoki … inflammatory NFkB transcription factor in K562 cells. We demonstrated the presence of oxidative and nitrosative stress in CML, with the former mediated by AKT/mTOR signaling and stimulated by inflammation.

Nitrosative stress by peroxynitrite impairs ATP production in human spermatozoa.

The most toxic species in live systems include reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite, which at high levels induces nitrosative stress. In human spermatozoa, the negative effect of peroxynitrite on motility and mitochondrial membrane potential was recently demonstrated, and the hypothesis of this work is that impairment of ATP production could be one cause of the effect on motility. Therefore, the aim here was to evaluate ATP production by both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in spermatozoa exposed to peroxynitrite in vitro. Human spermatozoa were incubated with SIN-…

Creatine affords protection against glutamate-induced nitrosative and oxidative stress.

Creatine has been reported to exert beneficial effects in several neurodegenerative diseases in which glutamatergic excitotoxicity and oxidative stress play an etiological role. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of creatine, as compared to the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801), against glutamate or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure of cells to glutamate (60-80 mM) or H2O2 (200-300 μM) for 24 h decreased cellular viability and increased dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence

Do neuroglobin and myoglobin protect Toxoplasma gondii from nitrosative stress?

Toxoplasma gondii is a Apicomplexa obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects up to a third of the world's population. In most humans infected with T. gondii, the disease toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic. However, T. gondii causes blindness, severe neurological disorders, hepatitis, and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, and severe damage to the fetus. Here, we postulate that the colonization of the retina, heart, and skeletal muscle by T. gondii may reflect the role of neuroglobin (Ngb) and myoglobin (Mb) to protect the parasite from the toxoplasmacidal effects of nitric oxide

Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone.

Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomoto…

Поддерживают ли молекулы нервного стресса в качестве биомаркеров множественного склероза?

Множественный склероз (MS) — автоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (КНС) с воспалительными и нейродегенеративными свойствами, по-прежнему остается недостаточно изученным заболеванием, несмотря на более чем 150 лет исследований. В отличие от болезней других медицинских областей, таких, например, как онкология, описание ее клинических и неклинических особенностей, основанных на таких зачитываемых данных, как биомаркеры, все еще находится в зачаточном состоянии. Хотя в этой связи, как представляется, новая система нейрофильтрации (NfL) является перспективным инструментом, значитель

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS), an auto-immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammatory and neurodegenerative properties, rema … he potential benefits of introducing additional markers to enhance current options. We propose that nitrosative stress markers, such as nitrate, nitrite, and nitrotyrosine (3NT), could serve this purpose effectively.

Antigen stasis and airway nitrosative stress in human primary ciliary dyskinesia.

Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is low in most patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Decreased ciliary motion could lead to antigen stasis, increasing oxidant production and NO oxidation in the airways. This could both decrease gas phase NO and increase nitrosative stress. We studied primary airway epithelial cells from healthy controls (HCs) and patients with PCD with several different genotypes. We measured antigen clearance in fenestrated membranes exposed apically to the fluorescently labeled antigen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp1-f). We immunoblotted for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) a…

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Detection in Human Sperm Using Fluorescent Probes.

As a natural by-product of mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm play a role in promoting fertilization, by inte … uced in any andrology lab. More recently, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and subsequent nitrosative stress have also been described. Here we describe the use of fluorescent probes, including some that targeted to the mitochondria due to the coupling of a cation (TPP+), in order to assess the levels of different ROS and RNS in human sperm using flow cytom …

Vascular Inflammation in Hypertension: Targeting Lipid Mediators Unbalance and Nitrosative Stress.

Arterial hypertension is a worldwide public health threat. High Blood Pressure (BP) is commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, nit … hanced prostaglandins rather than resolvins lipid mediators, immune cell infiltration and oxidative/nitrosative stress are pivotal players of BP increase within the inflammatory hypothesis. To address these inflammatory targets, this review also proposes new concepts in hypertension treatment with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nitric oxide-releasing …