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Building on the 2025 National Academies Pharmacy Workshop: Expanding the Pharmacy Workforce.

Pharmacy education and practice are facing escalating pressures from decreasing enrollment and increasing burnout, which threaten the long-term viability of the workforce. Pharmacist shortage significantly affects patient care, medication management, and health outcomes in patients needing drug therapy. Building on insights from the 2025 NASEM Workshop on Pharmacy Training and Practice, this commentary advances four interlocking priorities and strategies essential to workforce resilience: strategic recruitment, curricular and academic innovation, flexible educational access, and lifelong learn

Defining Pharmacy Access: A Review of Pharmacy-Level Research in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Access to pharmacy services is a critical determinant of health care equity, as it directly impacts medication adherence, chronic disease management, and overall health outcomes. Despite the important role of community pharmacies in the United States, disparities in access persist, particularly among rural, minority, and low-income populations. However, there is no consensus on how pharmacy access should be defined or measured, and how these definitions relate to health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates how pharmacy access is defined and measured in US-based studies and e…

Access to syringes at pharmacies (ASAP): Preliminary impact of a pharmacy-level intervention.

BACKGROUND: Community pharmacies are important access points for services to reduce bloodborne illnesses (BBIs) like HIV and Hepatitis C. However multiple barriers limit pharmacy provision of these services, including stigma toward people who use drugs (PWUD) and staff discomfort with harm reduction practices. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated a pharmacy-level intervention called Access to Syringes at Pharmacies (ASAP) designed to increase nonprescription syringe sales and reduce stigma. METHODS: A one-armed pilot study was conducted with 18 staff of 3 community pharmacies located in 3 differe…

Development of self-care in Spanish community pharmacies.

Spain is a European country with over 47.5 million inhabitants and a public National Health System model (i.e., SNS or "Sistema Nacional de … port to individuals and health professionals. Over 55 thousand pharmacists work in 22,198 community pharmacies distributed throughout the Spanish territory. Pharmacies are the only setting that provide non-prescription medications, which is one of the most used tools for self-care. In addition, they provide a range of Primary Care services to improve patient …

Pharmacies for pain and trauma in ancient Greece.

PURPOSE: To summarize pharmacies for pain and trauma in ancient Greece, to present several pharmaceutical/therapeutical methods reported in myths and ancient texts, and to theorize on the medical explanation upon which these pharmacies were used. METHOD: A thorough literature search was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the pharmacies and pain practices used for trauma in ancient Greece. RESULTS: Archeological findings and historical texts have revealed that humans have always suffered from diseases and trauma that were initially m…

Management of asthma at private pharmacies in India.

SETTING: Chennai, India. OBJECTIVE: To examine the medications and advice that retail pharmacy attendants recommend to customers presenting with typical symptoms of asthma in an urban area of India. DESIGN: Four simulated clients described symptoms of mild persistent asthma to a quota sample of pharmacies in ten areas of the city. Clients recorded consultations with attendants and purchased a sample of the recommended medications. RESULTS: A total of 52 shops were visited on 56 occasions. Shopkeepers offered 140 medications during the consultations, and clients purchased a sample of 100 med…

Использование и управление аптеками, принадлежащими страховщикам и управляющими пособиями в области фармацевтики в Медикаре.

IMORTANS: Все большую озабоченность в области нормативного регулирования вызывает преобладание аптек, принадлежащих интегрированным страховщикам и менеджерам по выплате пособий по аптекам (УБМ), или страховщикам-УПМ. Однако мало что известно о роли этих аптек в Медикаре, где защита сети аптек может повлиять на динамику рынка. ЦЕЛЬ: Оценить распространенность аптек, принадлежащих страховщикам, и степень, в которой страховщики-ПБР направляют пациентов в аптеки, которыми они владеют в Медикаре. DESIGN, SETTING, И УЧАСТНИКИ: В рамках этого межсекторального исследования использовались данные о прет

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
IMPORTANCE: The prevalence of pharmacies owned by integrated insurers and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), or insurer-PBMs, is of growing regulatory concern. However, little is known about the role of these pharmacies in Medicare, in which pharmacy network protections may influence market dynamics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of insurer-PBM-owned…

Pharmacy dispensing of abortion pills in Ghana: experiences of pharmacy workers and users.

BACKGROUND: Self-managed medical abortions are generally safe; however, pharmacy provision of abortion pills is against the Ghanaian abortion law. Nevertheless, evidence shows increasing numbers of women use it. An understanding of the influence of the law on pharmacies dispensing abortifacients and women who needed hospital care after using these pills is lacking. This study aimed to address this gap. METHODS: We conducted 26 interviews with eight pharmacy workers and 18 women who sought hospital care after using abortion pills. Study participants were recruited from private pharmacies and h…

Frequency, nature and determinants of pharmacy compounded medicines in Dutch community pharmacies.

AIMS: To examine the frequency, nature and determinants of pharmacy compounded medicines in Dutch community pharmacies. METHODS: A prospective nested case-control study comparing prescriptions for pharmacy compounded medicines (cases) with non-pharmacy compounded medicines (controls) was carried out in 79 Dutch community pharmacies. 991 Prescriptions for compounded medicines (cases), dispensed by the pharmacy on a predetermined day in a specific period (29 March until 11 April 2001), and 993 prescriptions for non-compounded medicines (controls) randomly selected on the same day, were studied.…

Treating Opioid Use Disorder With Methadone in Pharmacies.

IMPORTANCE: Methadone, a medication for opioid use disorder, is underused in the US response to the opioid overdose crisis. Under federal law, methadone can be offered in pharmacies via medication units, although a change to federal statutes or regulations could allow more options for pharmacists to dispense methadone. OBJECTIVE: To analyze innovative return on investment (ROI) for 2 pharmacy-based models: (1) pharmacy-based medication unit and (2) pharmacist-dispensed methadone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional economic evaluation, conducted from March 13, 2024, to Au…

Extemporaneous dermatological compounding in hospital pharmacies, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Dermatological problems are among the leading causes of hospital visits in Ethiopia. Extemporaneous compounded products are curr … r dermatological compounding from January to April 2023. A total of 423 prescriptions from hospital pharmacies were systematically selected. Data related to skin condition patterns, product selection, and dosage form types were extracted using a semi-structured data extraction tool and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: …

Danish community pharmacies supporting self-care for patients.

In Denmark, self-care has been a part of the health care professional and health political discourse since the middle of the 1970s particula … between the patient and the health care professional. Some self-care activities in Danish community pharmacies are mentioned in national and municipal guidelines for better prevention and self-care regarding obesity, sexual health, smoking cessation, teaching patients/relatives and vaccination. This paper describes self-care activities and services delivered …

Piloting an opioid callback program in community pharmacies.

BACKGROUND: Although opioid prescribing has recently trended downward, opioid-related overdoses and deaths have drastically increased. Commu … velopment of the opioid callback initiative and (2) report results from a pilot test in 2 community pharmacies. METHODS: The opioid callback process and data collection forms were collaboratively developed with community pharmacists at each site. Data recorded on the opioid callback forms were descriptively analyzed and chi-square test of independence explo …

Syringe exchange in community pharmacies--The Portuguese experience.

BACKGROUND: Since 1993 the participation of Portuguese pharmacies to the national Syringe Exchange Programme (SEP) has remained high. However, no national guidelines or standard procedures are available regarding the provision of this service. We aimed to describe practices and attitudes toward syringe dispensing and other harm reduction strategies in Portuguese pharmacies. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. All pharmacies in Portugal (n=2775) were invited to participate. The questionnaire addressed SEP ever involvement and disc…

Syndromic management of urethral discharge in Ghanaian pharmacies.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the training of pharmacists in Accra, Ghana, in the syndromic management of STIs. METHODS: We randomly selected 50 pharmacy outlets that had received the training (intervention) and 50 outlets that had not received the training (no intervention). Simulated clients described the symptoms of urethral discharge to the first pharmacy staff encountered and completed a standardised questionnaire after each encounter. RESULTS: Correct drug provision for urethral discharge improved with the educational intervention but remained relatively low (no intervention 18%; interventio