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Короче говоря: структура и сборка вириона вацинии.

Поксивирусы состоят из большого семейства вирусов, для которых характерен большой линейный геном dsDNA, цитоплазмический сайт репликации и сложная морфология вирионов. Наиболее известным членом семьи поксвирусов является вариола, побудительный агент оспы. Лабораторный прототип вируса, используемый для изучения оксивирусов, - это вакцина, которая использовалась в качестве живой вакцины, естественно смягченной для искоренения оспы. Как морфогенез, так и структура оксивирусных вирусов уникальны среди вирусов. Похвирусные вирионы, очевидно, не имеют каких-либо симметрических характеристик, общих д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Poxviruses comprise a large family of viruses characterized by a large, linear dsDNA genome, a cytoplasmic site of replication and a complex virion morphology. The most notorious member of the poxvirus family is variola, the causative agent of smallpox. The laboratory prototype virus used for the study of poxviruses is vaccinia, the virus that was used as a …

[Genetic function of the multiploid virions of alphaviruses].

The natural process of infection with multiploid virions of alphaviruses was modeled by inoculation of cells with artificially obtained aggregates. After infection with the aggregates the progeny of attenuated clones of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was found to have some new properties. The virus produced larger plaques and had higher reproduction activity. In some cases, changes in the electrophoretic mobility of virion structural proteins was observed, especially a decrease in the molecular weight of the most conservative of them, C-protein. These properties were retained in pas…

Role of JC virus agnoprotein in virion formation.

JC virus (JCV) belongs to the polyomavirus family of double-stranded DNA viruses and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in humans. JCV encodes early proteins (large T antigen, small T antigen, and T' antigen) and four late proteins (agnoprotein, and three viral capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3). In the current study, a novel function for JCV agnoprotein in the morphogenesis of JC virion particles was identified. It was found that mature virions of agnoprotein-negative JCV are irregularly shaped. Sucrose gradient sedimentation and cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation an…

Virion and soluble antigens of japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis virions contain a 58 X 10-3-molecular-weight envelope glycoprotein antigen that can be solubilized with sodium lauryl sulfate and separated from other virion structural polypeptides and viral ribonucleic acid by gel filtration chromatography. The 58 X 10-3-molecular-weight envelope protein is the major antigen responsible for cross-reactivity of the virion in complement fixation tests with other closely related arboviruses. A naturally occurring soluble complement-fixing antigen is found in Japanese encephalitis mouse brain preparations after removal of particulate antige…

Structural characterization of the HDV virion and its ribonucleoprotein.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small RNA satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV) which encodes a single protein, HDV delta antigen (HDAg), … the precise mechanism of interactions between HDAg and viral RNA, and how it is packaged within the virion can inspire structure-guided drug design targeting replication. Using cryoelectron tomography and single particle cryoelectron microscopy, we present reconstructions of the virion and viral RNPs. We observed multiple binding configurations in vitro …

Prediction of Phage Virion Proteins Using Machine Learning Methods.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major problem and an immediate alternative to antibiotics is the need of the hour. Research on the possible alternative products to tackle bacterial infections is ongoing worldwide. One of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages (phage) or phage-driven antibacterial drugs to cure bacterial infections caused by AMR bacteria. Phage-driven proteins, including holins, endolysins, and exopolysaccharides, have shown great potential in the development of antibacterial drugs. Likewise, phage virion proteins (PVPs) might also play …

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. III. Structural proteins of the virion.

Analysis of radioactively labelled and highly purified infectious lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed 12 components which, according to their apparent molecular weight and glycosylation status, were designated as p19, p25, p26, gp35, p38, gp44, gp60, p63, p77, gp85, gp130, and p200. As shown by immunoprecipitation, they all bound to rabbit anti-LCM virus antibodies. Three proteins, namely gp35 (= 'GP-2'), gp44 (= 'GP-1') and p63 (= 'NP'), had previously been described by others as major constituents of the virion. Our results confirm t…

Viral Pleomorphism: How Virion Structure Guides Infection and Adaptation.

Morphological variability in virion size and shape (pleomorphism) is a prominent feature of many pathogenic enveloped viruses, but understanding its biology presents a long-standing challenge. Understanding the role of pleomorphism in viruses requires structural and functional analysis of virions across broad scales, from molecules and cells to animals and populations. The extent of our understanding of viral pleomorphism has hinged on technological advances in viral analysis of increasingly challenging samples, which now approach high-resolution measurements of viral dynamics in animal infect…

Enterovirus 71: a whole virion inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine.

INTRODUCTION: Enterovirus A71 (EV71) is the predominant causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is often associated with severe cases and even deaths. EV71-associated epidemics have emerged as a serious threat to public health, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. AREAS COVERED: We searched PubMed using the terms 'enterovirus 71', 'hand, foot, and mouth disease', and 'vaccine', with no date or language restrictions for all publications before April 27, 2016. Among various vaccine candidates, the alum-adjuvant inactivated EV71 vaccines are most promising. Three alum-

[Variability of attenuated alphavirus strains in virion aggregate infection].

A natural process of infection with multiploid virions was stimulated and the genetic effects occurring in this infection were studied in experiments with homogeneous attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus producing the smallest plaques. The process of infection with multiploid virions was reproduced by infecting the cells with artificially obtained aggregates. Under these conditions, small- and large-plaque virus was produced which in some cases had a higher virulence than the parental strain. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon and its practical implications for t…

Comparison of the virion polypeptides of group B arboviruses.

The virion polypeptides of eight group B arboviruses were compared by polyacrylamide gel coelectrophoresis. All contained three polypeptides, V-1, V-2, and V-3. The mosquito-borne viruses had electrophoretically similar small membrane polypeptides (V-1); the tick-borne viruses had a V-1 of significantly decreased mobility.

Incorporation of spike and membrane glycoproteins into coronavirus virions.

The envelopes of coronaviruses (CoVs) contain primarily three proteins; the two major glycoproteins spike (S) and membrane (M), and envelope (E), a non-glycosylated protein. Unlike other enveloped viruses, CoVs bud and assemble at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). For efficient virion assembly, these proteins must be targeted to the budding site and to interact with each other or the ribonucleoprotein. Thus, the efficient incorporation of viral envelope proteins into CoV virions depends on protein trafficking and protein-protein interactions near the ERGIC.…

The adenovirus genome contributes to the structural stability of the virion.

Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are currently the most commonly used platform for therapeutic gene delivery in human gene therapy clinical trials. A … e vector for foreign DNA. However, radical modifications to the genome size significantly decreases virion stability, suggesting that the virus genome plays a role in maintaining the physical stability of the Ad virion. Indeed, a similar relationship between genome size and virion stability has been noted for many viruses. This review discusses the impac …

Antibody-Independent Quantification of Cytomegalovirus Virion Protein Incorporation Using HiBiT.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus and member of the β-herpesvirus family. HCMV is ubiquitous in the human po … codes homologous versions of the entry complex proteins but their incorporation and copy number per virion are still unknown. In this methods article, we describe a novel approach of HiBiT tagging viral proteins in order to detect and quantify protein incorporation into particles. This method is independent of protein-specific antibodies and can be stand …

Exosomes cloak the virion to transmit Enterovirus 71 non-lytically.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a non-enveloped virus and it can be released from host cells through a traditional cytolytic manner. Now, we showed … asma of EV71-infected encephalitis in children. Our findings indicate that the "non-enveloped" EV71 virions could be wrapped within exosomes which promote their spread in the absence of cell lysis.Abbreviation: EV71: enterovirus 71; EXO: exosome; RD: rhabdomyosarcoma; TEM: transmission electron microscope; HFMD: hand, foot, and mouth disease; HIV: immuno …

Influenza virus RNA polymerase may be activated inside the virion.

Influenza A and B virions are packaged with their polymerases to catalyse RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. Since there is no evidence to rule in or out the permissiveness of influenza virions to triphosphate ribonucleotides, we functionally evaluated this. We found the means to stimulate influenza A and B RNA polymerase activity inside the virion, called natural endogenous RNA polymerase (NERP) activity. Stimulation of NERP activity increased up to 3 log10 viral RNA content, allowing the detection of influenza virus in otherwise undetectable clinical samples. NERP activation also improve…

Psoriasis Flare-Up After COVAXIN BBV152 Whole Virion Inactivated Vaccine.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition with a chronic relapsing course that can negatively impact a patient's quality of life. Various triggering factors can cause the flare-up of psoriasis, which also include vaccination. The most common vaccine associated with this is influenza. In this global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emergency authorization for mass vaccination has been adopted by many countries in the world. Psoriasis flare has been reported after the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and CoronaVac vaccine. Currently, both the virus-causing disease and the vaccines are s

Environmentally-triggered contraction of the norovirus virion determines diarrheagenic potential.

Noroviruses are the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea and foodborne disease worldwide. While they are a major cause of disease in a … fection of cells expressing low abundance of the virus receptor CD300lf, supporting a model whereby virion contraction triggers infection of CD300lflo cell types that are responsible for diarrhea induction. These findings directly link environmentally-influenced biophysical features with norovirus disease severity.

From crescent to mature virion: vaccinia virus assembly and maturation.

Vaccinia virus (VACV) has achieved unprecedented success as a live viral vaccine for smallpox which mitigated eradication of the disease. Vaccinia virus has a complex virion morphology and recent advances have been made to answer some of the key outstanding questions, in particular, the origin and biogenesis of the virion membrane, the transformation from immature virion (IV) to mature virus (MV), and the role of several novel genes, which were previously uncharacterized, but have now been shown to be essential for VACV virion formation. This new knowledge will undoubtedly contribute to the ra…