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Exposure to antithyroid drugs and ethylenethiourea and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.

INTRODUCTION: The thyroid peroxidase inhibiting compounds methimazole, methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil, thiouracil (i.e. 'antithyroid' drugs) and ethylenethiourea have been associated to thyroid tumours in rodents. According to a systematic review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published in 2000, evidence for the human carcinogenicity was inadequate. METHODS: We performed an up-to-date systematic review of human epidemiological studies on the association between such compounds and thyroid cancer incidence or mortality. RESULTS: The literature research (1999-Marc…

Luteal expression of thyroid hormone receptors during gestation and postpartum in the rat.

BACKGROUND: Progesterone (P4) is the main steroid secreted by the corpora lutea (CL) and is required for successful implantation and mainten … male Wistar rats by daily administration of thyroxine (T4; 0.25 mg/kg subcutaneously) or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU; 0.1 g/L in drinking water), respectively. Luteal TR expression of mRNA was determined using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and of protein using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Primary cultures of …

Mono- and binuclear copper(I) complexes of thionucleotide analogues and their catalytic activity on the synthesis of dihydrofurans.

The reaction of copper(I) halides with 2-thiouracil (TUC), 6-methyl-2-thiouacil (MTUC), and 4-methyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine (MPMTH) in the presence of triphenylphosphine (tpp) in a 1:1:2 molar ratio results in a mixed-ligand copper(I) complex with the formulas [Cu2(tpp)4(TUC)Cl] (1), [Cu2(tpp)4(MTUC)Cl] (2), [Cu(tpp)2(MPMTH)Cl]·(1)/2CH3OH (3), [Cu(tpp)2(MTUC)Br] (4), and [Cu(tpp)2(MTUC)I]·(1)/2CH3CN (5). The complexes have been characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 are binuclear copper(I) complexes. Two p…

Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in anterior pituitary glands transplanted under the renal capsule in the rat.

The conversion of T4 to T3 by the anterior pituitary gland appears to be of considerable physiological importance in the control of pituitar … m activity was increased 15-fold (Km, 5 microM; Vmax, 620 U). The in vitro addition of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (0.1 mM) inhibited high Km I5'D activity in homogenates of both transplanted pituitary and renal tissue by approximately 50% (P less than 0.001), but had no effect on low Km I5'D activity in either sellar or transplanted pituitaries. In sham and imp …

Drug-induced kidney disease: a study of the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry from 2007 to 2015.

INTRODUCTION: The Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR) was started in 2007 by the Committee for the Standardization of Renal Pathological Dia … r anticancer drugs in 14 cases (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs in 3 cases and propyl thiouracil in 3 cases of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis). CONCLUSION: Our analysis of the J-RBR revealed that DIKD mainly affects elderly people in Japan. ATIL or CTIL were found in approximately half of the biopsied cases of DIKD, and …

The thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, is a negative modulator of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) adrenal steroidogenic function.

Previous work with chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) suggests a relationship between depressed thyroid hormone status and enhanced adrenal … function. Chicks (1 day old) were thyroidectomized using combined surgical and chemical (6-propyl-2-thiouracil) treatments and were administered a replacement dose of T3 (0, 1.5, 4.5, 15, and 45 microg/kg body wt/day) for 5 weeks. Whereas thyroidectomy (TX) decreased adrenal weight (-20%), it increased relative adrenal weight (mg/100 g body weight) (+171%), …

Prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies during treatment with benzylthiouracil.

BACKGROUND: Drug induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis is a rare complication associated especially with propylthiouracil (PTU). Prevalence of ANCA in patients receiving PTU is well established. Few cases of vasculitis were also reported with benzylthiouracil (BTU). The objective of this study is to clarify the prevalence of ANCA in patients receiving BTU. METHODS: ANCA were investigated by indirect immunofluoresence and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in 159 patients with Graves' disease (86 untreated and 73 treated with BTU). RESULTS: ANCA were positi…

Effect of fetal hypothyroidism on tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged male rats: Role of nitric oxide.

Aging is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal life decreases myocardial t … female rats were divided into two groups: The FH group received water containing 0.025% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil during gestation and the controls consumed tap water. Isolated perfused hearts from young (3 months) and aged (12 months) rats were subjected to IR. Hemodynamic parameters, infarct size, and heart NOx (nitrite+nitrate) levels were measured; in addit …

Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: the current state of small molecule-based inhibitors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Patients with advanced-stage HCC are referred to systemic treatment. Although some advances in HCC therapy have been made in recent years, the prognosis for patients remains poor due to drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis, implying that overall survival remains a challenge. Many studies have shown that tumor-initiating stem cells, also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), play essential roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance in HCC and that future cancer

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… , ruthenium complex containing 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, ruthenium complex containing 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione, salinomycin, and SJB3-019A. … Ruthenium complexes Ruthenium-based complexes containing 2-thiouracil derivatives with the chemical formulas trans -[Ru(2TU)(PPh 3 ) 2 (bipy)]PF 6 and trans -[Ru(6m2TU)(PPh 3 ) 2 (bipy)]PF 6 (where 2TU = 2-thiouracil and 6m2TU = 6-methyl-2-thiouracil) inhibited HCC CSCs by targeting NF-κB and Akt/mTOR …

Improvement in serum lipids and liver morphology after supplementation of the diet with fish oil is more evident under regular feeding conditions than under high-fat or mixed diets in rats.

BACKGROUND: Dietary n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a role in preventing cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. However, their e … g/kg fish oil (FO) daily by oral gavage. HFD was obtained by adding a suspension of 4% cholesterol, thiouracil and cholic acid to the animals' drinking water. The rats were maintained on the diets for 6 weeks, and different schedules of PUFA administration were used. At 14, 28, and 42 days, the morphology of liver and aortic samples and the levels of total c …

Effect of thyroid hormone on the development and gene expression of hormone receptors in rat testes in vivo.

Thyroid hormone is known to play a pivotal role in the regulation of prepuberal rat testes development and function with specific influence on the differentiation of Sertoli cells, the only cell type that expresses thyroid hormone receptors in testes. To explore in vivo effects of thyroid hormone on testes development and the regulation of testicular gene expression, the hyper- and hypothyroid rat models were established by T3 injection to pups (ip 100 microg/kg bw) and by oral administration of 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) to the lactating mother from days 1 to 21 post-delivery. Half of the …

Evidence for two pathways of iodothyronine 5'-deiodination in rat pituitary that differ in kinetics, propylthiouracil sensitivity, and response to hypothyroidism.

We have studied 5'-deiodination of thyroxine (T(4)) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT(3)) in rat pituitary tissue in vitro, with respect to substrate specificity, reaction kinetics, effects of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), and the time course of effects of thyroid hormone depletion and repletion. Removal of one phenolic iodine or both tyrosyl iodines from the T(4) molecule resulted in compounds that were not deiodinated, but alterations in the alanine side chain had little effect.5'-Deiodination of 2 nM rT(3) by pituitary microsomes from euthyroid rats was inhibited >90% by 1 mM PTU, but was i…

Историческое развитие иммуноэндокринных концепций психических расстройств и их терапии.

Отношения между центральной нервной, иммунной и эндокринной системами являются предметом психиатрических исследований, особенно в области депрессии и шизофрения. У поля длинные предтечи. Наблюдаемые явления, связанные с этими отношениями, восходят к неолитической эпохе. Теории иммуноэндокринной системы в самом широком смысле записаны в древности. В 19th Крепелин и Вагнер-Джаурег сообщили о первых клинических наблюдениях у пациентов психиатрических учреждений. Von Bestow, Эддисон и Кушинг описали психические симптомы у пациентов, страдающих эндокринными заболеваниями. :: 20th откровение века с

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… Astwood (1909–1976) presented an alternative therapy with his antithyroid agent Thiouracil [ 32 ]. As far as the adrenal gland is concerned, it was the English doctor Thomas Addison (1793–1860) who pointed the way towards our modern understanding of it in 1855. … Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil. JAMA. 1943;122:78–81. doi: 10.1001/jama.1943.02840190008003. 33. Addison T. On the constitutional and local effects of disease of the suprarenal capsule. In: Daldy T.M., Wilks S., editors. …