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A Comprehensive Review on the Benefits and Problems of Curcumin with Respect to Human Health.

Curcumin is the most important active component in turmeric extracts. Curcumin, a natural monomer from plants has received a considerable attention as a dietary supplement, exhibiting evident activity in a wide range of human pathological conditions. In general, curcumin is beneficial to human health, demonstrating pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation and antioxidation, as well as antitumor and immune regulation activities. Curcumin also presents therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review article, we summarize the advancem

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… The secretion and aggregation of platelets is a complex cascade activated by epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate, platelet-activating factor, collagen and arachidonic acid [ 114 ]. …

Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Circular RNA in Human Cancers.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is an intriguing class of RNA with covalently closed-loop structure and is highly stable and conservative. As new members of the ncRNAs, the function, mechanism, potential diagnostic biomarker, and therapeutic target have raised increased attention. Most circRNAs are presented with characteristics of abundance, stability, conservatism, and often exhibiting tissue/developmental-stage-specific manner. Over 30,000 circRNAs have been identified with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. An increased numbers of circRNAs are dysregulated a

Sex Differences in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in oncology, arising from complex interactions between tumor biology, host factors, and anticancer therapies. Growing evidence indicates that biological sex and gender-related factors modulate both thrombotic risk and clinical expression of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. In this narrative review, we summarize current epidemiological, biological, and clinical data on sex- and gender-related differences in CAT across solid and hematologic malignancies. Men generally exhibit a higher overall inci

The emerging role of osteoclasts in the treatment of bone metastases: rationale and recent clinical evidence.

The occurrence of bone metastasis is a grave medical concern that substantially impacts the quality of life in patients with cancer. The precise mechanisms underlying bone metastasis remain unclear despite extensive research efforts, and efficacious therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. The ability of osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix makes them a crucial factor in the development of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts are implicated in several aspects of bone metastasis, encompassing the formation of premetastatic microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, and reactivation o

Palbociclib as an Antitumor Drug: A License to Kill.

Neoplastic cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell divisions caused by cell cycle dysregulation. Key regulatory proteins governing the transition from the G1 to the S phase are the CDK4 and CDK6 kinases, which are controlled by D-type cyclins. The CDK4/6 kinases enable the use of these proteins as targets for anticancer therapy because they prevent the growth and the development of malignant cells by inhibiting their activity. This paper surveys the clinical trial results concerning palbociclib, the first in-class FDA-approved anticancer drug for hormone-dependent breast cancer. It discus

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… Novel FDA-approved therapeutics for TNBC include poly adenosine diphosphate-(ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and immunotherapy [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Because 51% of TNBCs express Rb, the application of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a therapy has a rational basis [ 60 ]. …

Премии победителей и резюме 32nd Ежегодный симпозиум Общества протеинов; Бостон, ОЭТ, июль 9-12, 2018.

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Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses.

In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.

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… However, there is conflicting data showing TRPV1-dependent pro-aggregating effect of capsaicin, via serotonin release, and adenosine diphosphate- and thrombin-induced platelet activation [ 204 ]. …

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow. This review focuses on drug repositioning for ovarian cancer treatment, showcasing a comprehensive exploration grounded in thorough in vitro

33rd Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2018) : Washington, D.C., USA. 7-11 November 2018.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer: from mechanism to therapeutic implications.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as critical secondary messengers in various intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival under normal physiological conditions. However, dysregulation of redox signaling-driven by genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modifications-plays a central role in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Cancer cells typically exhibit elevated basal ROS levels due to increased metabolic activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oncogene activation. This mode

Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) globally affects 18-20 % of adults over the age of 65 years. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent and dangerous complications of DM2, affecting about one-third of the patients with DM2. In addition to the pancreas, adipocytes, liver, and intestines, the kidneys also play an important role in glycemic control, particularly due to renal contribution to gluconeogenesis and tubular reabsorption of glucose.MethodsIn this review article, based on a report of discussions from an interdisciplinary group of experts in the areas of endocrinolo

Next-generation CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: bridging innovation with clinical translation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk hematologic malignancy with poor long-term survival and frequent relapse, sustained by leukemic stem cells, antigenic heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive bone marrow niche. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy achieves durable responses in B-cell malignancies, its application in AML is restricted by on-target myelotoxicity from antigen overlap with normal progenitors, heterogeneous and dynamic antigen expression, rapid T-cell exhaustion in suppressive microenvironments, limited manufacturing windows with compromised T-cell qual

NAD+‒circadian rhythm coupling in dementia.

The circadian rhythm system and sleep coordinate whole-body functions across the 24-h cycle, yet these rhythms progressively deteriorate with neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. Growing evidence indicates that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) interacts with the circadian system through multiple molecular pathways and that NAD+ levels decline with dementia. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on the bidirectional relationship between NAD+ metabolism and circadian regulation in several dementia disorders, emphasizing the key circadian pathways, the nicotinamide pho

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of cellular mechanobiology.

Mechanobiology is a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of biology, physics, and engineering that reveals how mechanical forces shape cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and disease progression. By elucidating how cells sense and transduce mechanical cues, mechanobiology has fundamentally advanced our understanding of processes ranging from migration and differentiation to immune responses and tissue remodeling. These advances have driven the development of innovative biophysical tools and engineered biomaterials that enable precise modulation of the cellular microenvironment. Tran

Emerging therapeutics in the management of COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemic has placed a tremendous burden on healthcare systems globally. Therapeutics for treatment of the virus are extremely inconsistent due to the lack of time evaluating drug efficacy in clinical trials. Currently, there is a deficiency of published literature that comprehensively discusses all therapeutics being considered for the treatment of COVID-19. A review of the literature was performed for articles related to therapeutics and clinical trials in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. We

Beneath the surface in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: pathogenetic networks, therapeutic advancements and open questions.

In recent years, the pathophysiologic framework of autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) has evolved considerably, extending beyond the simplistic paradigm of antibody-mediated red blood cell (RBC) destruction, which is now recognized as a downstream consequence of a broader immune dysregulation. AIHA is fundamentally orchestrated by a complex interplay between innate and adaptive immune components, including autoreactive B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the reticuloendothelial system. Central to disease pathogenesis are two interrelated mechanisms: clonal B-cell expansion with autoantibod

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… Mannes et al. ( 33 ) demonstrated that adenosine diphosphate (ADP), released upon MAC-dependent erythrocyte lysis, contributes to platelet activation and thrombotic propagation, in line with the pro-inflammatory role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as heme ( Figure 1 ) ( 31 ). …

34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019): part 1 : National Harbor, MD, USA. 6-10 November 2019.

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Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots.

Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic im

Emerging strategies to target RAS signaling in human cancer therapy.

RAS mutations (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most common oncogenes, and around 19% of patients with cancer harbor RAS mutations. Cells harboring RAS mutations tend to undergo malignant transformation and exhibit malignant phenotypes. The mutational status of RAS correlates with the clinicopathological features of patients, such as mucinous type and poor differentiation, as well as response to anti-EGFR therapies in certain types of human cancers. Although RAS protein had been considered as a potential target for tumors with RAS mutations, it was once referred to as a undruggable target d

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… Combined treatment with poly (adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and MEK inhibitors elicited synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo in multiple RAS mutant tumor models [ 150 ]. …

Antibodies to watch in 2022.

In this 13th annual installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' article series, we discuss key events in commercial antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2021 and forecast events that might occur in 2022. Regulatory review of antibody therapeutics that target the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus proceeded at an unprecedented pace in 2021, resulting in both emergency use authorizations and full approvals for sotrovimab, regdanvimab, REGEN-COV2, as well as others, in numerous countries. As of November 1, a total of 11 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the Un