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Воспаление микроглии коррелируется с поврежденным созреванием олигодендроцита при множественном склерозе.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Ремимилинизация демиелиновых аксонов может происходить как внутренний механизм ремонта при множественном склерозе (MS), однако его эффективность варьируется как от отдельных лиц, так и от повреждений MS. Молекулярные и клеточные механизмы, стимулирующие воспоминание, по-прежнему плохо понимаются. Здесь мы изучили связь между активацией микроглии и активностью ремиэлирования в MS.МЕТОДЫ: Мы соотносили регенеративную (CD163+) и воспалительную (iNOS+) микроглию с BCAS1+ олигодендроцитами, подразделяясь на ранние стадии (<3 процессы) и поздние (≥3 процессы) клетки в мозговых донорах с вы

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INTRODUCTION: Remyelination of demyelinated axons can occur as an endogenous repair mechanism in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its efficacy varies between both MS individuals and lesions. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive remyelination remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the relation between microglia activation and remyelination activit…

Dibromo-Edaravone Induces Anti-Erythroleukemia Effects via the JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy managed with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and stem cell transplantation. However, these treatments often suffer from limitations such as refractoriness, high toxicity, recurrence, and drug resistance, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Dibromo-edaravone (D-EDA) is a synthetic derivative of edaravone (EDA) with unreported anti-leukemic properties. In this study, D-EDA demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HEL cells with an IC50 value of 8.17 ± 0.43 μM using an MTT assay. Morpholo

Osteolytic lesions: Multiple myeloma or prostate cancer?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer which is characterized by proliferation of malignant B-cells and plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow. Lytic lesions are one of its hallmarks, on radiological assessment. We report 2 cases who presented within 1 year to our hospital with bony lytic lesions on CT scan. They were investigated for multiple myeloma; however, there were no further features to suggest this. Both patients were confirmed to have prostate cancer. This is unusual as prostate cancer produces sclerotic lesions (unusual hardening or thickening of the bone).

Role of Ceramide from Glycosphingolipids and Its Metabolites in Immunological and Inflammatory Responses in Humans.

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of hydrophobic ceramide and hydrophilic sugar chains. GSLs cluster to form membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) on plasma membranes, along with several kinds of transducer molecules, including Src family kinases and small G proteins. However, GSL-mediated biological functions remain unclear. Lactosylceramide (LacCer, CDw17) is highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes and mediates several immunological and inflammatory reactions, including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation. LacCer forms membrane microdomains with the Sr

Nurse-Led Interventions and Outcomes in Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Scoping Review.

Background/Objectives: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is increasingly used to treat malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases and is associated with complex physical, psychological, and informational needs. Nurses play a central role in HCT care; however, the range, characteristics, and reported outcomes of nurse-led interventions have not been comprehensively synthesized. This review aimed to identify the types and outcomes of nurse-led interventions in adult HCT recipients and highlight gaps in evidence. Methods: The review was initially registered as a systematic review and

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… Increasingly, HCT therapies are being used in the management of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, neuromyelitis optica, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, stiff person syndrome …

Spinal cord infarction attributed to SARS-CoV-2, with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A case report.

BACKGROUND: While stroke and lower extremity venous thromboemboli have been commonly reported following acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spinal cord infarction or ischemia has been extremely rare. Findings of long coronavirus disease (COVID) in this select population have not been studied. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 70-year-old female with sudden onset of trunk and lower extremity sensorimotor loss due to spinal cord infarction, attributed to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostic work up confirmed a T3 complete (ASIA impairme

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… No oligoclonal bands were detected in CSF, a finding commonly seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in neoplastic processes such as multiple myeloma. …

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis globally, is characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and heterogeneous clinical trajectories. Historically, management relied on renin-angiotensin system inhibition and empirical immunosuppression, yet high lifetime kidney failure risk persists despite optimized care. This review synthesizes advances in molecular pathogenesis, highlighting how the traditional multi-hit hypothesis-while foundational for targeted therapy development-fails to capture IgAN's recurrent, self-amplifying nature. We introduce the "spi

Turmeric and Its Major Compound Curcumin on Health: Bioactive Effects and Safety Profiles for Food, Pharmaceutical, Biotechnological and Medicinal Applications.

Curcumin, a yellow polyphenolic pigment from the Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizome, has been used for centuries for culinary and food coloring purposes, and as an ingredient for various medicinal preparations, widely used in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. In recent decades, their biological activities have been extensively studied. Thus, this review aims to offer an in-depth discussion of curcumin applications for food and biotechnological industries, and on health promotion and disease prevention, with particular emphasis on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, h

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… Based on existing studies, curcumin has been used as a potential therapeutic agent for various neurological disorders, such as dementia, AD, PD, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease (HD), due its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-protein aggregating abilities ( Ye and Zhang, 2012 ; Wu … In multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects young adults and women through demyelinating lesions, curcumin has also shown neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative mechanisms. …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by acute optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). NMO is caused by a pathogenic serum IgG antibody against the water channel aquoporin 4 (AQP4) in the majority of patients. AQP4-antibody (AQP4-ab) presence is highly specific, and differentiates NMO from multiple sclerosis. It binds to AQP4 channels on astrocytes, triggering activation of the classical complement cascade, causing granulocyte, eosinophil, and lymphocyte infiltration, culminating in injury first to as…

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

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… On the other hand, the remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of these bioactive compounds have been reported in several in vitro and experimental models of RA, SLE, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), T1DM, and multiple sclerosis (MS). … sclerosis mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin NADH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form NBM | Nucleus basalis magnocellularis NEP | Neutral endopeptidase NFTs | Neurofibrillary tangles NF-κB | Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B NGB | Pro-nerve growth factor NIH …

Phosphodiesterase type 5 and cancers: progress and challenges.

Cancers are an extraordinarily heterogeneous collection of diseases with distinct genetic profiles and biological features that directly influence response patterns to various treatment strategies as well as clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, our growing understanding of cancer cell biology and tumor progression is gradually leading towards rational, tailored medical treatments designed to destroy cancer cells by exploiting the unique cellular pathways that distinguish them from normal healthy counterparts. Recently, inhibition of the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is emerging as a

Детерминанты, движущие эволюцией новых множественных склерозовых повреждений в хронических активных или ремиелинизированных состояниях.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: После образования мозговые повреждения, возникающие у пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS), могут следовать различным траекториям. Мы стремились определить ранние клинические и МРТ особенности, связанные с эволюцией новых случаев поражения MS в хронически активных и ремиелинизированных состояниях. МЕТОДЫ: Новые повреждения, усиливающие контраст (КВ), были классифицированы после 12-месячной последующей работы с количественным картографированием степени уязвимости (QSM) в парамагнитные повреждения обода (PRLs, представляющие собой хронические повреждения) и изоинтенсивные QSM повре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Once formed, focal lesions that develop in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) can follow different trajectories. We aimed at identifying early clinical and MRI features associated with the evolution of new MS lesions into chronic-active versus remyelinated states. METHODS: New contrast-enhancing (CE) lesions were classified after a 12-month…

Fulminant hepatitis and multi-organ failure following varicella zoster virus infection in an adult with G6PD deficiency: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in adults can lead to severe complications, particularly in those with underlying comorbidities. This case report presents a rare instance of VZV-associated fulminant hepatitis progressing to multi-organ failure in a 27-year-old female with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient presented with a generalized rash and rapidly developed acute liver failure, coagulopathy, and renal dysfunction. Despite aggressive management, including intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and supportive care, the patient'

Low serum free light chain is associated with risk of COPD exacerbation.

BackgroundMost exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are triggered by respiratory tract infections. Adaptive immunity via antibody production is important in preventing infections. Impaired antibody production is reported to be associated with an increased risk of exacerbations of COPD. In the present study, we elucidated whether reduced free light chains (FLCs), which are excessive amounts of light chains produced during antibody synthesis and can be used to estimate systemic antibody production, may be a promising biomarker to predict the risk of exacerbations of COPD

Efficacy and Safety of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab to Prevent COVID-19 (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (TGM/CGM) are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against different epitopes of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that have been considered as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Objectives: This study seeks to assess the efficacy and safety of TGM/CGM to prevent COVID-19 in patients at high risk for breakthrough and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who never benefited maximally from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and for those who have a contraindication to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Design: This study is a systematic review and meta-analy

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… Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab (Evusheld) boosts antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis on b-cell depleters. Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 2022;63:103905. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103905. 24. … Case report: Variant-specific pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients lacking vaccination responses. Front. Immunol. 2022;13:897748. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897748. 35. …

Megakaryocyte Contribution to Bone Marrow Fibrosis: many Arrows in the Quiver.

In Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), megakaryocyte dysplasia/hyperplasia determines the release of inflammatory cytokines that, in turn, stimulate stromal cells and induce bone marrow fibrosis. The pathogenic mechanism and the cells responsible for progression to bone marrow fibrosis in PMF are not completely understood. This review article aims to provide an overview of the crucial role of megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis by discussing the role and the altered secretion of megakaryocyte-derived soluble factors, enzymes and extracellular matrices that are known to induce bone marrow fibrosis.

COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation.

Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the globe causing a pandemic. Vaccination or the development of herd immunity seems the only way to slow down the spread of the virus; however, both are not achievable in the near future. Therefore, effective treatments to mitigate the burden of this pandemic and reduce mortality rates are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies of potential antiviral and immunomodulatory compounds and molecules to identify safe and efficacious therapeutics for COVID-19 are ongoing. Two compounds, remdesivir, and dexame

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… It is licensed for the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. ( Blanc et al., 2015 ). … There were recent reports of COVID-19 patients under fingolimod treatment for multiple sclerosis ( Foerch et al., 2020 ; Merad and Martin, 2020 ). One patient (a 42-year-old female) had a favorable outcome, while the other (a 57-year old female) required ICU admission and ventilation. …

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: an update.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in muscle mass and it occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Potential triggers of muscle wasting are long-term immobilization, malnutrition, severe burns, aging as well as various serious and often chronic diseases, such as chronic heart failure, obstructive lung disease, renal failure, AIDS, sepsis, immune disorders, cancer, and dystrophies. Interestingly, a cooperation between several pathophysiological factors, including inappropriately adapted anabolic (e.g., growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and catabolic pr

Идиопатический цервициальный трансверсальный миелит, преобладающий с нижним Лимбом слабая и автономная дисфункция: доклад о реалистическом случае.

Трансверсный миелит (TM) — это редкое нервно-воспалительное расстройство, которое может привести к значительной заболеваемости, если не диагностировать и не лечить. Мы сообщаем о случае 40-летней женщины, которая в течение двух месяцев испытывала постепенную двустороннюю слабость нижних конечностей и недержание мочеиспускания. Неврологическая экспертиза выявила верхние моторные нейроны и определенный уровень сенсорности, что вызывает подозрения в патологии спинного мозга. МРТ шейного отдела позвоночника выявила гиперинтенсивные повреждения, взвешенные на Т2 и Коротком тау инверсионном восстано

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder that can lead to significant morbidity if not promptly diagnosed and treated. … e myelitis. An extensive laboratory evaluation was unremarkable, and differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and sarcoidosis were excluded. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was not performed, representing a diagnostic limitation. With no identifiable infectious or autoimmune etiology, a diagnosis of idiopathic cervical transverse m …

Insights Into the Role of Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Stem Cell Transplantation.

Vitamin D was discovered 100 years ago and since then multiple studies have consistently proved its effect on bone health and mineral metabolism. Further research has also explored its so-called "non-classical" biological effects, encompassing immune regulation and control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Vitamin D downregulates pro-inflammatory immune cells and subsequently their cytokine production, while enhancing the anti-inflammatory subsets, thus mediating inflammation and fostering a more tolerogenic environment. Its biological action is exerted through the vitamin D receptor,