Результаты поиска

Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies.

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for th

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The safety and effectiveness in children are unknown FDA US food and drug administration, NDA new drug application, BLA biological license application, NSCLC non-small cancer lung cell, CRC colorectal cancer, HNC head and neck cancer, LGG low grade gliomas, PN plexiform neurofibromas, NF1 Nnurofibromatosis … In 2020, Selumetinib (KOSELUGO, AstraZeneca), a highly specific MEKi, is approved for the treatment of pediatric children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NP1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN). 335 Selumetinib is also under evaluation for use in other cancers such as melanoma …

Hyponatraemia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) in cancer.

Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte abnormality seen in a wide range of oncological and haematological malignancies and confers poor performance status, prolonged hospital admission and reduced overall survival, in patients with cancer. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the commonest cause of hyponatraemia in malignancy and is characterised by clinical euvolaemia, low plasma osmolality and concentrated urine, with normal renal, adrenal and thyroid function. Causes of SIAD include ectopic production of vasopressin (AVP) from an underlying tumour, cancer treatments, nausea and p

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Malignancy | Lung – small cell, non-small cell, mesothelioma, secondaries GI – oesophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, duodenum Haematological – lymphoma, myeloma, leukaemia Brain – glioma, meningioma, medulloblastoma, pinealoma, neurofibroma, secondaries Miscellaneous – renal, prostate, breast, urological …

33rd Европейский конгресс патологии - резюме.

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Radiolucent lesions of the mandible: a pattern-based approach to diagnosis.

ObjectivesRadiolucent mandibular lesions seen on panoramic radiographs develop from both odontogenic and non-odontogenic structures. They represent a broad spectrum of lesions with a varying degree of malignant potential. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the characteristic imaging findings-as well as the clinical and histological features-of common and uncommon radiolucent lesions of the mandible.MethodsThis review article is based on the retrospective evaluation of 11,725 panoramic radiographs seen in our institution during the past 6 years. It provides a comprehensive, practical a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Enlargement of the mandibular canal and mental foramen is rare and has been reported in neurogenic tumours affecting the inferior alveolar nerve (schwannoma and neurofibroma), in perineural spread of disease (mainly from SCC, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma) and as an anatomic variant mimicking …

Multiple cystic lung disease.

Multiple cystic lung disease represents a diverse group of uncommon disorders that can present a diagnostic challenge due to the increasing number of diseases associated with this presentation. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest helps to define the morphological aspects and distribution of lung cysts, as well as associated findings. The combination of appearance upon imaging and clinical features, together with extrapulmonary manifestations, when present, permits confident and accurate diagnosis of the majority of these diseases without recourse to open-lung biopsy. The main dise

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Neurofibromatosis type 1 with tracheobronchial neurofibromas: case report with emphasis on tomographic findings . J Thorac Imaging 2008 ; 23 : 194 – 196 . 18728548 10.1097/RTI.0b013e31816b6bc0 99 Zamora AC , Collard HR , Wolters PJ , et al. …

Strategies to overcome myeloid cell induced immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.

Cancer progression and metastasis due to tumor immune evasion and drug resistance is strongly associated with immune suppressive cellular responses, particularly in the case of metastatic tumors. The myeloid cell component plays a key role within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and disrupts both adaptive and innate immune cell responses leading to loss of tumor control. Therefore, strategies to eliminate or modulate the myeloid cell compartment of the TME are increasingly attractive to non-specifically increase anti-tumoral immunity and enhance existing immunotherapies. This review covers cur

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Available | Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) | MEK162| Pexidartinib | Phase 1 | 3 2 | NCT02390752 | Phase I Trial of Turalio(R) (Pexidartinib, PLX3397) in Children and Young Adults With Refractory Leukemias and Refractory Solid Tumors Including Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas … (PN) | Recruiting | No Results Available | Neurofibroma, Plexiform|Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma|Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute|Sarcoma | TURALIO | Phase 1 | 54 3 | NCT04635111 | A Long-term Study Evaluating Hepatotoxicity Associated With TURALIO (Pexidartinib) Treatment | Recruiting …

[Retracted] miR‑23a suppresses pancreatic cancer cell progression by inhibiting PLK‑1 expression.

BACKGROUND: One presentation of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by picky eating, i.e., selective eating based on the sensory properties of food. The present study has two aims. The first is to describe distress and impairment in individuals with ARFID secondary to picky eating. The second is to determine whether eating behaviors hypothesized to be specific to picky eating can differentiate picky eaters with and without ARFID from typical eaters (e.g., individuals not reporting picky or disordered eating) and individuals who strongly endorse attitudes associat

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Type I the most common type is neurofibromatosis, is characterised by benign neurofibromas around the peripheral nerves. Neurofibromatosis type I is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the NF1 gene. NF1 regulates cell division through its ability to regulate RAS and PI3K activity. …

Biopsy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Tumors: Basic Principles and Specialized Techniques.

Biopsy is a pivotal component in the diagnostic process of bone and soft tissue tumors. The objective is to obtain adequate tissue without compromising local tumor dissemination and the patient's survival. This review explores contemporary principles and practices in musculoskeletal biopsies, emphasizing the critical role of diagnostic accuracy while also delving into the evolving landscape of liquid biopsies as a promising alternative in the field. A thorough literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the available biopsy tec

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… There are situations in which the clinical and imaging characteristics are sufficiently characteristic of a benign entity such as lipoma, hemangioma, and neurofibroma, a pseudotumor such as ganglions and popliteal cysts, myositis ossificans, and tenosynovial giant cell tumor; in these cases, a biopsy …

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Epidemiology, Etiology and Management.

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimization of autonomic function. After a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influences on the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are disrupted, leading to spastic paralysis, sympathetic blunting, and parasympathetic dominance, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious re

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… | Extramedullary Intramedullary | Intradural | Extradural Ependymoma | Meningioma | Metastasis Astrocytoma | Malignant nerve sheet tumors | Vertebral primary & secondary tumors Metastasis | Schwannomas | Chordoma Arterial-venous malformation | Neurofibromas | Sarcomas Hemangioblastoma | Lipoma | Lymphomas …

Nuances in the treatment of malignant tumors of the clival and petroclival region.

Introduction Malignancies of the clivus and petroclival region are mainly chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Although a spectrum of malignancies may present in this area, a finite group of commonly encountered malignant pathologies will be the focus of this review, as they are recognized to be formidable pathologies due to adjacent critical neurovascular structures and challenging surgical approaches. Objectives The objective is to review the literature regarding medical and surgical management of malignant tumors of the clival and petroclival region with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnost

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Focal areas of necrosis and mitotic figures can also be seen, lending to the malignant character of this tumor; however, the presence of benign features of a schwannoma or neurofibroma does not preclude the diagnosis of MNST. 33 Nerve sheath tumors have multiple observed staining patterns. …

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then,

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In the NF1 familial syndrome, patients with neurofibromatosis will present with benign cutaneous neurofibromas and are predisposed to breast, gastric, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [ 17 , 82 ]. … Patients with NF1 familial syndrome sometimes develop benign plexiform neurofibromas, which can develop to form peripheral nerve sarcomas known as malignant peripheral sheath tumors (MPNSTs). …

FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021.

Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agent

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Selumetinib , the next inhibitor of MEK 1 and 2, is approved in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. The long-term treatment with selumetinib has meaningful benefits, such as a high level of clinical response and absence of cumulative toxic effects [ 84 ]. …

Pediatric cervical kyphosis in the MRI era (1984-2008) with long-term follow up: literature review.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical kyphosis is rare in the pediatric population. It may be syndromic or acquired secondary to laminectomy, neoplasia, or tr … connection syndrome 1, Klippel-Feil 3, congenital absence of C2 pars 4. Non-syndromic cases; 2 with neurofibromatosis (NF1) and prevertebral tumors, fibromatosis 1, spontaneous kyphosis 1, and postlaminectomy 4. Factors considered were age, pathology, flexibility on cervical spine dynamic films, reduction with traction and spinal cord compression. Patients wit …

Chest and Mediastinum

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Cementoplasty to cryoablation: review and current status.

Recent advances in percutaneous image-guided techniques have empowered interventional radiologists with diverse treatment options for the management of musculoskeletal lesions. Of note, there is growing utility for cementoplasty procedures, with indications ranging from stabilization of bone metastases to treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures. Likewise, cryoablation has emerged as a viable adjunct in the treatment of both primary and secondary bone and soft tissue neoplasms. These treatment options have been progressively incorporated into the multidisciplinary approach to holis

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… common of which are liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas. 116 There is emerging evidence of cryoablation as a feasible and safe treatment option for these tumours, especially in recurrent or metastatic disease. 117 , 118 Other tumour subtypes treated by cryoablation include abdominal wall endometriosis, 119 neurofibromas …

A New Paradigm for Pediatric AML: Improving the Pipeline for Treatments Targeting Cytogenetic and Molecular Alterations.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, with cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities playing a critical role in determining prognosis and guiding treatment decisions. Despite therapeutic advances, patients with high-risk genetic mutations and translocations continue to experience suboptimal outcomes. As new targeted therapies emerge, the treatment of pediatric AML could undergo a paradigm shift, where "one-size-fits-all" chemotherapy is no longer the only frontline approach. Identifying genetic markers inform risk stratification and have greater impact on s

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Phase I study of pexidartinib (PLX3397) in children with refractory leukemias and solid tumors including neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) related plexiform neurofibromas (PN) J. Clin. Oncol. 2017;35:10546. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.10546. 104. …

Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives.

Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-mol

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… ) | MEK1/2 | Melanoma (2013) NSCLC (2017) ATC (2018) | Novartis/GlaxoSmithkline | Cobimetinib (Cotellic) | MEK1/2 | Melanoma (2015) | Roche/Genentech/ Exelixis | Binimetinib (Balimek) | MEK1/2 | Melanoma (2018) | Array | Selumetinib (Koselugo) | MEK1/2 | Neurofibromatosis type 1 (2020) Plexiform neurofibromas … Based on the results of the phase II SPRINT trial, selumetinib was approved for pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas in April 2020 (Table 3 ). 344 Currently, no ERK inhibitor has been approved for clinical use. …

Резюме

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Targeting mast cells tryptase in tumor microenvironment: a potential antiangiogenetic strategy.

Angiogenesis is a complex process finely regulated by the balance between angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors. As a result of proangiogenic factors overexpression, it plays a crucial role in cancer development. Although initially mast cells (MCs) role has been defined in hypersensitivity reactions and in immunity, it has been discovered that MCs have a crucial interplay on the regulatory function between inflammatory and tumor cells through the release of classical proangiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor) and nonclassical proangiogenic mediators granule-associated (

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… In agreement with this correlation, Yamamoto et al. [ 158 ] have recently documented that TN downregulated neurofibroma cell (NF1 cells) proliferation through not only suppression of cell-growth promoting pathways but also the inhibition of biologically active mediators by MCs. …

Резюме ESPR 2013Европейское общество педиатрической радиологии 50th Ежегодное совещание и 36th Курсы для аспирантов. Июнь 3–7 2013. Будапешт, Венгрия.

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.