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A Systematic Review Evaluating the Impact of Fibre Supplementation on Gut Health and Other Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Haematological Malignancies During Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Gut health is often disrupted in adults with haematological malignancies (HMs) receiving chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Microbial diversity is reduced, and both infection risk and inflammation increased. The role of dietary fibre in enhancing gut health, immune regulation, reducing complications, and improving clinical outcomes for people with HMs shows promise but the extent of their role remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the role of dietary fibre supplementation in adults with HMs undergoing HCT on gut health, immune f

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… Types of Fibres Dietary fibre is present naturally in plant-based foods, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, and nuts [ 25 ]. Fibre solubility and structure contribute to feelings of satiety, gut transit time, and insulin secretion, modifying glycaemic and lipid homoeostasis [ 26 , 27 ]. …

Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound and Quality of Life (RBAC-QoL) of Cancer Patients: An Interim Analysis of the RBAC-QoL Study.

Background The effect of rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC), a plant-based immunomodulator, on the quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients and underlying physiological pathways remains unclear. Trial design The RBAC-QoL study, a double-blind, randomised, controlled pilot feasibility study, aimed to determine RBAC's effects on QoL and the associated action mechanisms. Primary outcomes were the EORTC QLQ-C30 functional, symptom, and global QoL scores with inflammatory, nutritional, and cytokine parameters as secondary and exploratory outcomes. Methods Participants were adults diagnosed with

Epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic applications.

Epigenetic regulation is a fundamental mechanism controlling gene expression and cellular function, primarily mediated through reversible modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and chromatin remodeling. Dysregulation of critical epigenetic enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, has been closely associated with tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to conventional therapies. Targeting these epigenetic regulators with small-molecule inhibitor

Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment-The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients' Health.

Although the first discovery of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to 1958, only in recent years has the complexity of the transcriptome started to be elucidated. However, its components are still under investigation and their identification is one of the challenges that scientists are presently facing. In addition, their function is still far from being fully understood. The non-coding portion of the genome is indeed the largest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A large fraction of these ncRNAs have a regulatory role either in coding mRNAs or in other ncRNAs, creating an intracellular

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… Losing weight and keeping it off, through a diet with nuts, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil; increasing physical exercise; and cutting down on alcohol consumption are all known to enhance life quality, reduce cancer risk, and improve health overall [ 201 ]. …

Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self-renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, includ

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… Moreover, in a randomized controlled clinical trial, 10 volunteers received 800 mg EGCG, and 11 volunteers received the same amount of EGCG plus Brazil nuts for 6 weeks. …

Preclinical B cell depletion and safety profile of a brain-shuttled crystallizable fragment-silenced CD20 antibody.

BACKGROUND: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major challenge for the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies for brain disorders. To improve the likelihood of success of such therapies, Roche Brainshuttle technology utilizes a single anti-transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-antigen-binding antibody fragment linked to a therapeutic antibody, allowing engagement with TfR1 to transport the therapeutic antibody into the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis. METHODS: We compared Fc-silenced and Fc-competent variants of the Brainshuttle and the parental (non-shuttled) type II

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… They were fed with a certified diet (MPE Short SQC, Special Diet Services) once daily, along with a daily mix of fresh fruits, vegetables, forage mix, nuts, and biscuits, with access to ad libitum tap water. Animals were acclimated for 6 weeks prior to dosing. …

Mapping oncogenic protein interactions for precision medicine.

Normal protein-protein interactions (normPPIs) occur with high fidelity to regulate almost every physiological process. In cancer, this highly organised and precisely regulated network is disrupted, hijacked or reprogrammed resulting in oncogenic protein-protein interactions (oncoPPIs). OncoPPIs, which can result from genomic alterations, are a hallmark of many types of cancers. Recent technological advances in the field of mass spectrometry (MS)-based interactomics, structural biology and drug discovery have prompted scientists to identify and characterise oncoPPIs. Disruption of oncoPPI inte

Skeletal Metastases of Unknown Primary: Biological Landscape and Clinical Overview.

Skeletal metastases of unknown primary (SMUP) represent a clinical challenge in dealing with patients diagnosed with bone metastases. Management of these patients has improved significantly in the past few years. however, it is fraught with a lack of evidence. While some patients have achieved impressive gains, a more systematic and tailored treatment is required. Nevertheless, in real-life practice, the outlook at the beginning of treatment for SMUP is decidedly somber. An incomplete translational relevance of pathological and clinical data on the mortality and morbidity rate has had unsatisf

Epidemiological science and cancer control.

Epidemiological methods are essential for the discovery of cancer risks and prognostic factors as well as for the evaluation of cancer prevention measures. In this review, we discuss epidemiological surveillance procedures for data collection and processing to guide and evaluate the consequences of anticancer efforts for populations, assess the identification of cancer risk factors, examine barriers to cancer screening and recommended rules for early diagnosis programs. Epidemiological studies have shown that hindrances to cancer information assessment are currently encountered in developing c

Hypothetical interventional effect of health behaviors for improving depression symptoms among patients diagnosed with cancer: a g-formula based study.

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are frequently reported among patients undergoing treatment for malignancies and among cancer survivors. However, treatment options for depression in this population remain limited due to significant side effects and suboptimal efficacy. These challenges underscore the urgent need for safe, well-tolerated, and effective strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms in individuals affected by cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the hypothetical interventional effects of seven lifestyle factors on alleviating depressive symptoms in individuals currently or previou

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… A common feature of these dietary patterns is the higher recommended intake of fruits, vegetables, and nuts and a lower intake of pro-inflammatory foods such as processed meats and trans fats. …

Redox Remodeling by Nutraceuticals for Prevention and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Inflammation.

Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive

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… proinflammatory innate epidermal γδT cells) Skin NOD Obese mice* | *Butyrate paradox ▲ insulin (resistance) ▲ glucose uptake ▲FAS | ▼Glycolisys/ OXPHOS▲ Antioxidant | NOT DESCRIBED | ▼ Th1 EFF ▼ IFN-γ ▲ Treg ▲ IL-10 ▲CD69 immunoregulatory surface receptor | [ 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ] β-sitosterol | Nuts …

Targeting BCL-XL in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare and often lethal liver cancer with no proven effective systemic therapy. Inhibition of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL was found to synergize with a variety of systemic therapies in vitro using cells dissociated from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of FLC or cells dissociated directly from surgical patient resections. As BCL-XL is physiologically expressed in platelets, prior efforts to leverage this vulnerability in other cancers have been hampered by severe thrombocytopenia. To overcome this toxicity, we treated FLC models with DT2216,

Pyramidal Decision Support Framework Leverages Subspecialty Expertise across Enterprise to Achieve Superior Cancer Outcomes and Personalized, Precision Care Plans.

The complexity of cancer care requires integrated and continuous support to deliver appropriate care. An expert network with complementary expertise and the capability of multidisciplinary care is an integral part of contemporary oncology care. Appropriate infrastructure is necessary to empower this network to deliver personalized precision care to their patients. Providing decision support as cancer care becomes exponentially more complex with new diagnostic and therapeutic choices remains challenging. City of Hope has developed a Pyramidal Decision Support Framework to address these challeng

Characterizing the Patient Journey in Multiple Myeloma: Qualitative Review.

BACKGROUND: The patient experience of multiple myeloma (MM) is multifaceted and varies substantially between individuals. Current published information on the patient perspective and treatment of MM is limited, making it difficult to gain insights into patient needs regarding the condition. OBJECTIVE: In this review, a combined research method approach (ie, the review of published literature and social media posts) was undertaken to provide insight into patients' perspectives on the burden and treatment of MM, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of MM on caregivers of patients

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… The patient-reported information (22/76, 29% of the patients) indicated that the negative effects attributed to treatments varied in intensity, were long-lasting, and could build up over time: My feet are continually numb on the bottom...I mean, it’s just—there’s little things that drive you nuts, and …

Insights Into the Role of Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Stem Cell Transplantation.

Vitamin D was discovered 100 years ago and since then multiple studies have consistently proved its effect on bone health and mineral metabolism. Further research has also explored its so-called "non-classical" biological effects, encompassing immune regulation and control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Vitamin D downregulates pro-inflammatory immune cells and subsequently their cytokine production, while enhancing the anti-inflammatory subsets, thus mediating inflammation and fostering a more tolerogenic environment. Its biological action is exerted through the vitamin D receptor,

Dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of lymphatic malignancies: the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer.

BackgroundAcrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is present in many everyday foods. Since the finding of its presence in foods in 2002, epidemiological studies have found some suggestive associations between dietary acrylamide exposure and the risk of various cancers. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate for the first time the association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of several histological subtypes of lymphatic malignancies.MethodsThe Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer includes 120,852 men and women followed-up since September 1986. The number of pe

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… In 2005, the authority analyzed several foods to specifically accommodate the estimation of acrylamide intake of the NLCS cohort, such as various types of bread, specific types of cookies, cake and pastry, chocolate and chocolate milk, nuts and salty snacks, peanut butter and coffee. …

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and

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… dried, excluding fruit juices and salted or pickled fruits) | Consumption of fruit 200–300 g per day | 68·9% | 38·3% | 78·8% 3 | | Diet low in vegetables | Average daily consumption of vegetables (fresh, frozen, cooked, canned, or dried, excluding legumes and salted or pickled vegetables, juices, nuts … and seeds | Average daily consumption of nut and seed foods | Consumption of nuts and seeds 16–25 g per day | 100·0% | 100·0% | 100·0% 3 | | Diet low in milk | Average daily consumption of milk, including non-fat, low-fat, and full-fat milk, excluding soy milk and other plant derivatives | Consumption …

33rd Европейский конгресс патологии - резюме.

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Disparity in survival benefits of pembrolizumab between Asian and non-Asian patients with advanced cancers: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies. However, disproportionate enrollment among races and ethnicities places the generalizability of global trial results in doubt.MethodsIn this systematic review, phase 3 randomized controlled trials investigating pembrolizumab in advanced cancers and providing subgroup analyses of Asian and non-Asian participants were included. The primary and secondary effect measures were the mean differences (MDs) in the natural logarithms of the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival

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… In Southeast Asia, a high prevalence of oral cavity cancer is associated with the consumption of areca nuts, whereas oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection contributes to greater rates of oropharyngeal cancer in North America and Western Europe. 74 Additionally, in KN‐062‐P, the proportions of …

Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis.

Macrophages and microglia are implicated in several diseases with divergent roles in physiopathology. This discrepancy can be explained by their capacity to endorse different polarization states. Theoretical extremes of these states are called M1 and M2. M1 are pro-inflammatory, microbicidal, and cytotoxic whereas M2 are anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory cells in favor of tumor progression. In pathological states, these polarizations are dysregulated, thus restoring phenotypes could be an interesting treatment approach against diseases. In this review, we will focus on compounds targeting ma

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… Resveratrol is a stilbene found in berries, grapes, and nuts. It is one of the most studied natural compounds in multiple sclerosis. Most of the studies agree on the protecting effect of resveratrol in the EAE model. …