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Crosslink between atrial fibrillation and cancer: a therapeutic conundrum.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is more common in patients with malignancies than in general population. The pathophysiological processes include the pro-inflammatory condition and the exaggerated inflammatory reaction to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery interventions. Thus, it is pivotal to decrease morbidity and mortality in this group by providing appropriate care and prevention. In this subset, the risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events is high and the common risk score such as CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED employed in non-oncologic patients have limited evidence in cancer patients. A pauc

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… Advanced age, smoke, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), alcohol abuse, cirrhosis, arterial hypertension led to both atrial remodeling and pro-inflammatory state [ 21 ]. … Inflammation also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of AF, which is a combination of structural, electrical, and functional atrial remodeling that involves the onset of AF [ 22 ]. …

Chromatin modifiers in human disease: from functional roles to regulatory mechanisms.

The field of transcriptional regulation has revealed the vital role of chromatin modifiers in human diseases from the beginning of functional exploration to the process of participating in many types of disease regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin modifiers are a class of enzymes that can catalyze the chemical conversion of pyrimidine residues or amino acid residues, including histone modifiers, DNA methyltransferases, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin modifiers assist in the formation of transcriptional regulatory circuits between transcription factors, enhancers, and promoters by reg

Research Advances on Targets and Mechanisms in Cancers Complicated by Cardiovascular Diseases.

PurposeCancers complicated by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly becoming major limiting factors affecting patients' long-term quality of life and clinical outcomes. Systematic identification of therapeutic targets and their clinical development status is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a target-based analytical framework to systematically map the distribution, developmental stage, maturity, and mechanistic characteristics of clinical trials investigating tumors co-occurring with CVD, thereby identifying potential therapeutic t

Cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs: cellular mechanisms and clinical implications.

Cardio-oncology is an emerging field that seeks to enhance quality of life and longevity of cancer survivors. It is pertinent for clinicians to understand the cellular mechanisms of prescribed therapies, as this contributes to robust understanding of complex treatments and off-target effects, improved communication with patients, and guides long term care with the goal to minimise or prevent cardiovascular complications. Our aim is to review the cellular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity involved in commonly used anti-cancer treatments and identify gaps in literature and strategies to mitigate card

Arrhythmic Risk Stratification in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Review of the Current Literature.

Cardiac amyloidosis is the most frequent infiltrative disease caused by the deposition of misfolded proteins in the cardiac tissue, leading to heart failure, brady- and tachyarrhythmia and death. Conduction disorders, atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) significantly impact patient outcomes and demand recognition. However, several issues remain unresolved regarding early diagnosis and optimal management. Extreme bradycardia is the most common cause of arrhythmic death, while fast and sustained VAs can be found even in the early phases of the disease. Risk stratification an

Standard Poster Abstracts for the 17th Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) Scientific Sessions

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… Various structural diseases can underlie the risk of atrial remodeling. In this study we performed high density mapping in paroxysmal AF patients with various underlying structural abnormalities. Methods: This retrospective study included patients scheduled for pulmonary vein isolation. … Conclusions: Various structural diseases can underlie the risk of atrial remodeling in patient with paroxysmal AF. HD mapping may have the potential to improve AF ablation success rates in the long term. …

Elevated Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 1 Is Associated with Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background/Objectives: Low-grade systemic inflammation, characteristic of heart failure (HF), is a nonspecific inflammatory syndrome that affects the entire body. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (MIF-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, a key mediator of the innate immune response, and may serve as a potential biomarker of monocyte homing and activation in HF with reduced and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, HFmrEF). Methods: We evaluated 70 hemodynamically stable patients with left ventricular EF (LVEF) < 50% by means of echocardiography and blood sampling. Results: We report s

Neoplastic Disorders and Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Geriatric Patients: A Simple Association?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer frequently coexist in older patients, posing significant challenges in clinical management due to overlapping risk factors and treatment-related complications. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, shared pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical impact of neoplastic comorbidities in older adults with cardiovascular diseases. It highlights the increased mortality, morbidity and diminished quality of life resulting from the coexistence of these conditions. The review also discusses personalized management strategies, emp

Sacubitril/Valsartan Ameliorates Crizotinib-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice.

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the major cause of death globally. Crizotinib is a first-line drug used in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its cardiotoxicity are unknown. This study investigated the mechanisms of crizotinib-induced cardiotoxicity and explored whether this toxicity can be prevented by the angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, crizotinib (40 mg ⋅ kg - 1 ⋅ d - 1 for four weeks), and crizotinib + sacubitril/valsartan

Association between platelet-white cell ratio and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is common in intensive care units and portends poor prognosis. The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio is an emerging inflammatory-coagulatory biomarker with prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the association between platelet-white cell ratio (PWR) and all-cause mortality in this high-risk population. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data were obtained from the MIMIC-IV database. We included adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The PWR was evaluated as the primary expo

Left Atrial Strain Correlation with Functional Capacity and Additional Prognostic Value of Speckle Tracking in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Prospective, Single-Center Study.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is mainly characterized by diastolic dysfunction, with gradually worsening functional capacity and poor prognosis. Left atrial (LA) strain by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is an index of diastolic function and heart failure (HF) symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of LA strain with functional capacity in CA and the potential prognostic value of speckle tracking variables. Methods: In this single-center study, we prospectively enrolled consecutive outpatients with CA (n = 75). Clinical, echocardiographic evaluation, six

EP300 as a Molecular Integrator of Fibrotic Transcriptional Programs.

Fibrosis is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in tissues, leading to organ dysfunction and failure. Recent studies have identified EP300, a histone acetyltransferase, as a crucial regulator of the epigenetic changes that contribute to fibrosis. In fact, EP300-mediated acetylation of histones alters global chromatin structure and gene expression, promoting the development and progression of fibrosis. Here, we review the role of EP300-mediated epigenetic regulation in multi-organ fibrosis and its potential as a therapeutic target. We discuss

Patterns and Outcomes of Permanent Vascular Access in End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Experience.

Background End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a growing health problem worldwide, with hemodialysis serving as the main treatment when transplantation is not feasible. Permanent vascular access is essential for effective dialysis, yet its patterns and outcomes remain variable across patient populations. Aim This multicenter study aimed to describe the patterns of vascular access use and evaluate the outcomes of permanent vascular access in patients with ESKD undergoing hemodialysis. Methods A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study (January-June 2024) was conducted at two tertiary hosp

Exploring the Molecular Adaptations, Benefits, and Future Direction of Exercise Training: Updated Insights into Cardiovascular Health.

This review emphasizes the globally accepted physical activity guidelines and explores the various molecular adaptations that occur with continuous exercise. It is essential to highlight the critical roles of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and muscle mass in reducing mortality and enhancing quality of life. It has been shown in various studies that there are certainly substantial reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Resistance training is also examined, which, likewise, reveals significant mortality be

HDACs and Their Inhibitors on Post-Translational Modifications: The Regulation of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, are among the major threats to human health worldwide. Post-translational modifications alter the function of proteins through dynamic chemical modification after synthesis. This mechanism not only plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiovascular function, but is also closely related to the pathological state of various diseases. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with multiple myeloma: A comprehensive review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells and is defined by criteria set forth by the international myeloma working group. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg measured during right heart catheterization. Echocardiography-diagnosed PH is relatively common in patients with MM and has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and poor stem cell transplant outcomes. PH in patients with MM (PH-MM) is usually multifactorial in origin. MM disease-specific factors,

Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Contemporary Review of Medical and Surgical Therapy.

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease initiated by deposition of misfolded proteins in the extracellular space, due to which multiple organs may be affected concomitantly. Cardiac amyloidosis, however, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population due to infiltrative /restrictive cardiomyopathy. This review attempts to focus on contemporary medical and surgical therapies for the different types of cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloidosis affecting the heart are predominantly of the transthyretin type (acquired in the older or genetic in the younger patients), and the monoclonal immun

Role of zoledronic acid in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Taken once a year, intravenous zoledronic acid (Zol) (Reclast® or Aclasta®) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that is effective compared with placebo in reducing the risk of fractures in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and recent low-trauma hip fracture. In glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, there is no significant difference between Zol and risedronate for new fractures. Improvements in bone mineral density and early reduction of bone remodeling markers are observed in postmenopausal osteoporosis, recent low-trauma hip fracture, and glucocorticoid-induced os

Cardiac amyloidosis-A review of current literature for the practicing physician.

The amyloidoses are a family of diseases in which misfolded precursor proteins aggregate to form amyloid and deposit in body tissues. A very serious yet underrecognized form of this disease is cardiac amyloidosis, in which amyloid deposits into the extracellular space of the myocardium, resulting in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls with resultant heart failure and conductive dysfunction. This review provides a discussion of the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, as well as an up-to-date approach to diagnosis and treatment. Significant progress

Иммуноглобулин А лямбда, связанный с миеломой, легкий сердечный амилоидоз с постепенной сердечной недостаточностью с консервируемой фракцией выброса: отчет о мультимодальной съемке.

Участие в кардиологической деятельности является основным фактором, определяющим прогноз иммуноглобулиновой световой цепи (AL) амилоидоз, но может быть недооценено у пациентов с множественной миеломой (MM), особенно в тех случаях, когда отсутствуют классические электрокардиографические или сердечные магнитные резонансные характеристики. Таким образом, раннее признание зависит от интеграции сердечных биомаркеров и мультимодальных изображений в тех случаях, когда биопсия тканей или синтиграфическая подстилка непрактична.Резюме дела: A 74-year-old - у человека с иммуноглобулином Алямбда ММ и имму