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Higher rates of t(11;18) in Chinese patients with transformed type of MALT lymphoma suggest novel pathways for progression of the disease.

To detect the t(11;18) chromosome translocation in different stages of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we established a RT-PCR method by adopting three new primer pairs and using the RNA extracted from the paraffin tissues to amplify the t(11;18) fusion gene API2-MALT1 in shorter lengths. Our results showed five key findings, which are (a) higher detection rates of t(11;18) (21.13%) in Chinese patients with transformed MALT lymphoma, (b) lower detection rates of t(11;18) in stomach MALT lymphoma, (c) different organ localizations of MALT lymphoma in Chinese patients, (d) hig

Survival advantage of heterozygous factor V Leiden carriers in murine sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The high allelic frequency of the prothrombotic Leiden polymorphism in human blood coagulation factor V (FV) has been speculated to reflect positive selection during evolution. Heterozygous Leiden carriers enrolled in the placebo arm of the PROWESS sepsis trial and heterozygous Leiden mice challenged with endotoxin both showed reduced mortality, whereas homozygous Leiden mice were not protected from lethal endotoxemia. Follow-up analyses of clinical outcomes and of mouse models of infection with various pathogens remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether activated pro

Overexpression of miR-142-5p and miR-155 in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma resistant to Helicobacter pylori eradication.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can function as endogenous silencers of target genes and play critical roles in human malignancies. To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, the miRNA expression profile was analyzed. miRNA microarray analysis with tissue specimens from gastric MALT lymphomas and surrounding non-tumor mucosae revealed that a hematopoietic-specific miRNA miR-142 and an oncogenic miRNA miR-155 were overexpressed in MALT lymphoma lesions. The expression levels of miR-142-5p and miR-155 were significant

Mild endotoxemia, NF-kappaB translocation, and cytokine increase during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals.

This study examined endotoxin-mediated cytokinemia during exertional heat stress (EHS). Subjects were divided into trained [TR; n=12, peak aerobic power (VO2peak)=70+/-2 ml.kg lean body mass(-1).min(-1)] and untrained (UT; n=11, VO2peak=50+/-1 ml.kg lean body mass(-1).min(-1)) groups before walking at 4.5 km/h with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) wearing protective clothing until exhaustion (Exh). Venous blood samples at baseline and 0.5 degrees C rectal temperature increments (38.0, 38.5, 39.0, 39.5, and 40.0 degrees C/Exh) were analyzed for endotoxin,

Long-term follow-up of gastric MALT lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication.

PURPOSE: Cure of infection induces remissions in most patients with early stage Helicobacter pylori- (Hp) positive gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma (GML). We tracked the long-term stability of remissions in this prospective, multicenter trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 120 patients with stage I(1E) disease, we performed sequential endoscopic-bioptic follow-up after Hp eradication and polymerase chain reaction of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. The status of t(11;18) was assessed in 65 patients. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 75 months (range, one to 116

Adrenomedullin reduces intestinal epithelial permeability in vivo and in vitro.

Leakage of the gut mucosal barrier in the critically ill patient may allow translocation of bacteria and their virulence factors, thereby perpetuating sepsis and inflammation. Present evidence suggests that adrenomedullin (AM) improves endothelial barrier function and stabilizes circulatory function in systemic inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that exogenously applied AM stabilizes gut epithelial barrier function. Infusion of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin induced septic shock in rats. AM infusion in a therapeutic setting reduced translocation of labeled dextran from the gut into the

Qingyi decoction combined with western medicine comprehensive therapy for acute pancreatitis: intestinal barrier protection and sepsis prevention-a retrospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdominal condition with high morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. Approximately 20% of patients progress to moderately severe or severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP/SAP), with mortality rates reaching 20%-40%. Sepsis, as a critical and life-threatening complication of severe acute pancreatitis, significantly worsens prognosis through intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation. The pathophysiology of AP involves premature activation of pancreatic enzymes leading to acinar cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and pyro…

Safety of two different doses of simvastatin plus rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis (LIVERHOPE-SAFETY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Statins have beneficial effects on intrahepatic circulation and decrease portal hypertension and rifaximin modulates the gut microbiome and might prevent bacterial translocation in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, this drug combination might be of therapeutic benefit in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, there is concern regarding the safety of statins in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We assessed the safety of two different doses of simvastatin, in combination with rifaximin, in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: We did a double-blind, randomi…

A single split-signal FISH probe set allows detection of TAL1 translocations as well as SIL-TAL1 fusion genes in a single test.

About 30% of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) carry TAL1 gene aberrations. In the majority of cases (approximately 25%), this concerns a submicroscopic deletion of approximately 90 kb in chromosome region 1p32, which deletes the coding regions of the SIL gene and the untranslated region of the TAL1 gene, thereby placing the TAL1 gene under control of the SIL promoter region. Translocation (1;14)(p32;q11) involving the TAL1 gene occurs at a much lower frequency (3%), whereas some other rare variant translocations have been described as well. In this study we developed a set of TAL1

Divergent effects of ischemia/reperfusion and nitric oxide donor on TNFalpha mRNA accumulation in rat organs.

We previously showed that serum TNFalpha bioactivity in rats is proportional to the extent of graded tissue injury caused by laparotomy, intestinal ischemia, and reperfusion and that the spleen is an important source of TNFalpha secretion in this condition. TNFalpha production varies, depending on the type and duration of tissue injury. It is also affected by other mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO). TNFalpha is known to increase NO production, but the effect of NO on the production of TNFalpha has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study we determined the levels of TNFalpha mRNA in rat

Effect of locally applied drugs on the endolymphatic sac potential.

In Ménière's disease, an inner ear disorder related to an endolymphatic hydrops, an alteration of the functioning of the endolymphatic sac has been proposed. The endolymphatic sac is assumed to be involved in the secretion/resorption of endolymph. The epithelial transport systems have been indirectly studied by the recording of the endolymphatic sac transepithelial potential (ESP) in control conditions and after the local injection of drugs such as diuretics that have been proposed in the treatment of Ménière's disease. The ESP was recorded, in vivo, in guinea pigs up to 150 minutes after the

Troyer syndrome protein spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and functions in EGF receptor trafficking.

Troyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in the spartin (SPG20) gene, which encodes a widely expressed protein of unknown function. This mutation results in premature protein truncation and thus might signify a loss-of-function disease mechanism. In this study, we have found that spartin is mono-ubiquitinated and functions in degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Upon EGF stimulation, spartin translocates from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and colocalizes with internalized EGF-Alexa. Knockdown of spartin by small in

Genomic organization, tissue expression, and cellular localization of AF3p21, a fusion partner of MLL in therapy-related leukemia.

We previously identified the AF3p21 gene, a novel fusion partner of the MLL gene, in a patient who had developed therapy-related leukemia with t(3;11)(p21;q23). The AF3p21 gene encodes a protein consisting of 722 amino acids, which has an SH3 (Src homology 3) domain, a proline-rich domain, and a bipartite nuclear localization signal. The protein's SH3 domain has high homology with that of FYN. Analysis of the DNA from the patient's leukemic cells revealed that intron 6 of the MLL gene was fused at a point upstream of exon 1 in the AF3p21 gene, and that the der(11) chromosome formed an MLL-AF3p

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dimethylvinyl Chloride (1-Chloro-2-Methylpropene) (CAS No. 513-37-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

Dimethylvinyl chloride is a clear colorless liquid, which, because of its volatility and flammability at room temperature, is a significant fire hazard. It has a boiling point of 68.1 degrees C (155 degrees F) and a density at 20 degrees C of 0.919 g/ml. Dimethylvinyl chloride is a byproduct in the production of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene by the chlorination of isobutene. It is not known to be produced in the United States for other than laboratory purposes. This chemical was nominated for toxicologic studies because of its reported presence in ambient air in the Baltimore area and was selected

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via restoration of the gut microflora. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics (any specified strain or dose) used for the prevention of AAD in children. SEARCH METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, AMED, and the Web of Science (inception to November 2014) were searched along with specialized registers including the Cochrane

Probiotics for the Prevention of Pediatric Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.

UNLABELLED: Goldenberg JZ, Lytvyn L, Steurich J, Parkin P, Mahant S, Johnston BC. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea.Cochrane Database Syst Rev2015, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD004827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub4. BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via restoration of the gut microflora. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy and safety

Intestinal barrier functions in hematologic and oncologic diseases.

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that not only regulates the influx of luminal contents into the systemic circulation but is also involved in immune, microbial, and metabolic homeostasis. Evidence implicating disruption in intestinal barrier functions in the development of many systemic diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to autism, or systemic complications of intestinal disorders has increased rapidly in recent years, raising the possibility of the intestinal barrier as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to alter the course and mitigate the complica

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… Bacterial translocation and elevated IL-6 levels caused by small intestine barrier dysfunction are crucial for the development of the pre-leukemic myeloproliferation (PMP) in mice lacking Tet2 , a gene frequently mutated in hematologic malignancies. …

Гипоксия стимулирует развитие множественного склероза, улучшая воспаление активации в макрофаге с инфекцией Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) — грамм-отрицательный анаэробный бактерий, ведущий патоген, вызывающий периодонтит. Он скрывает несколько факторов вирулентности, включая гингипатины, липополизакариды (LPS) и внешние мембранные везикли (OMVs), которые могут привести к высвобождению таких подстрекательских цитокинов, как интерлейкин (IL)-1β, альфа-фактор некроза опухоли (TNFα) и IL-6, посредством воспламенительной активации и сигнала рецептора толль-подобных (TLR). Мы продемонстрировали, что инфекция Pg в условиях гипоксики усиливает воспаление NLRP3 в макрофаге. Кроме того, мы заметили, что регул

Регулирование на основе Virobiome микробиота-гут-мозговой оси сигнализирует и нейроиммунный гомеостаз.

Ось человеческого кишечника все чаще признается как сложная двунаправленная коммуникационная система, объединяющая микробные, нейронные, эндокринные и иммунные сети, формирующие неврологическое здоровье. Хотя бактериальный вклад в этот диалог получил широкую окраску, вирусный компонент кишечной экосистемы, виром, стал важным компонентом, связанным с физиологическим регулированием принимающей стороны. В этом обзоре обобщены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что бактериофаги и эукариотические вирусы могут способствовать микробному и иммунальному гомеостазу и оказывать влияние на сигнализацию вдол

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… translocation | Potential reduction in neuroinflammatory signaling | AD, MS | Phage Ig-like domains | TLR2 | NF-κB modulation | Experimental studies support a non-host-derived protective barrier function of mucus-associated phages | [ 75 , 76 ] Stress-Induced Prophage Activation | Prophage excision … This mucin-degrading species utilizes host-derived mucin as its sole nutrient source, contributing to mucus layer regulation and preventing bacterial translocation. It produces SCFAs, particularly acetate and propionate, which exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects [ 85 ]. …

[Study on the effect of high-intensity interval exercise on ulcerative colitis in mice].

Objective: This study aims to systematically explore the protective effect and its underlying mechanism of high-intensity interval exercise … detect the changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Immunohistochemical techniques and bacterial translocation experiments were used to evaluate the changes in the gut mucosal proteins Occludin and Muc2 and the gut barrier function. One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used …