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Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

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… Tablets/Lozenges | Pilocarpine, Xylitol Mouthwashes/Sprays | Triamcinolone Acetonide Hydrogels | Clonidine Lauriad Chamomile Extract Cisplatin Curcumin 5-FU Doxorubicin Paclitaxel 3.1. … Clonidine Lauriad is a drug that had been fast-tracked for investigation by the FDA in 2014 for the treatment and prevention of OM in cancer patients [ 158 ]. …

Cancer Pain Is Not One-Size-Fits-All: Evolving from Tradition to Precision.

Cancer pain remains a significant challenge in oncology, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life, function, and prognosis. Historically under-recognized and managed with a uniform, opioid-centric approach, cancer pain was often inadequately treated. Advances in pain assessment, multimodal analgesia, and supportive care have improved outcomes, yet traditional algorithms frequently fail to address the complex, heterogeneous nature of cancer pain. Contemporary management is shifting toward precision and personalized medicine, integrating genetic, molecular, and biomarker data with individu

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… Clonidine; 0.1–0.3 mg twice daily oral, 0.1–0.3 mg/day release transdermal, 30–300 µg/day epidural infusion. | Neuropathic pain, oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, adjunct use. … Clonidine is an α2-adrenoceptor and imidazoline-2 receptor agonist that reduces sympathetic outflow and enhances descending inhibitory pain pathways, thereby attenuating neuropathic and cancer-related pain. …

Primary hyperhidrosis: an updated review.

BACKGROUND: Hyperhidrosis (HH) is a condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond the physiological needs of thermoregulation. HH can be classified as primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis (PHH) or secondary hyperhidrosis (SHH), which is associated with underlying medical conditions, medications or systemic disorders. This narrative review provides an updated overview of PHH, with a focus on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and current management strategies, particularly highlighting pharmacological and procedural treatment options. METHODS:

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… Clonidine has been used in generalized and paroxysmal localized PHH and works by reducing sympathetic activity on eccrine sweat glands. 145 Dosages that have been used include 0.1 or 0.15 mg twice daily with side-effects including dry mouth, dizziness , constipation and sedation. 146 The aforementioned … Systemic therapy for primary hyperhidrosis: a retrospective study of 59 patients treated with glycopyrrolate or clonidine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(3):387–392. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.01.023. 146. Solish N, Bertucci V, Dansereau A, et al. …

2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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Dysautonomia: A Forgotten Condition - Part 1.

Dysautonomia covers a range of clinical conditions with different characteristics and prognoses. They are classified as Reflex Syndromes, Po … ght, taking short-acting antihypertensive drugs for more severe cases, such as losartan, captopril, clonidine or nitrate patches, may be necessary and effective in some cases. Preventive measures such as postural care; good hydration; higher salt intake; use of compression stockings and abdominal straps; portioned meals; supervised physical activity, mainly …

Gestational Pityriasis Rosea: Suggestions for Approaching Affected Pregnant Women.

Dear Editor, Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute, and self-limiting dermatosis, which is associated with the endogenous systemic reactivatio … be excluded: a. Exposure to drugs prior to the development of the rash (biologic agents, captopril, clonidine, hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, lamotrigine, nortriptyline, barbiturates, metronidazole, terbinafine, omeprazole, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and isotretinoin), which are capable of inducing a pityriasis rosea-like eruption (6) and b. Dis …

[Review of psychopharmacological treatments in adolescents and adults with autistic disorders].

Autism is an early developmental disorder. It leads to severe and durable disturbances. Given this problem, no treatment can be excluded a p … dation. Propanolol: Some isolated studies habe reported its efficiency on behavioural disturbances. Clonidine: This adrenergic drug treats efficiently some cases of aggressive behaviour and hyperactivity. Category III. This category contains a wide range of drugs, vitamins or method used in autism after sporadic observations of their positive effects. Secre …

Chronic Psychological Stress in Oncogenesis: Multisystem Crosstalk and Multimodal Interventions.

Malignant tumors constitute a major global public health burden. Chronic psychological stress (CPS) manifests as sustained dysregulation arising from prolonged adaptive responses to chronic endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Clinical evidence indicates that CPS markedly influences cancer progression, with most oncology patients developing detectable stress-related psychological disorders during disease management. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding CPS-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and evaluates current intervention approaches. Mechanistically, CPS compromises immune surve

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… The α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine, by directly activating host macrophages and enhancing T lymphocyte function, effectively reshapes the immunosuppressive TME [ 152 ]. … When combined with immune checkpoint blockade, this optimized clonidine treatment markedly boosts antitumor immunity and overcomes resistance in melanoma models [ 153 ]. …

Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy.

Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catech

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… agonists | Agonist properties | Pharmacological antagonists α 1 | Epinephrine < norepinephrine | Epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine | Smooth muscle constriction in viscera, skin, sphincter, mucosa, vessels, iris mydriasis | Alfuzosin, hydroxyzine, tamsulosin α 2 | Epinephrine = norepinephrine | Clonidine … Thus, reduced tumor cell proliferation was observed following the use of α2-AR agonists such as clonidine, a common anti-hypertensive agent. 176 This might indicate a crosstalk between α2- and β2-ARs in stimulating cancer cell growth. …

[Neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of social phobia].

Social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) is still not clearly understood. It was not established as an authentic psychiatric en … eta-adrenergic receptor number was observed in lymphocytes, a blunted response of growth hormone to clonidine, an a2-adrenergic agonist, was reported. This suggests reduced post-synaptic a2-adrenergic receptor functioning related to norepinephrine overactivity in social phobia. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic aci …

Модуляция микробиотики Гут по пребиотикам, пробиотикам и психобиотикам и ее воздействие на ось гута микробиота - мозг: систематический обзор.

Ось кишечника - это высокоинтегрированная двунаправленная коммуникационная сеть, функционирующая через нейронные, нейроэндокринные, иммунные и метаболические пути, которые поддерживают гомеостаз центральной нервной системы и стали перспективной дополнительной терапевтической целью для неврологических и нейропсихиатрических расстройств. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в систематической оценке воздействия предбиотики, пробиотики и психобиотики на коммуникацию кишечника и неврологические и поведенческие результаты, включая нейроинфламматические маркеры, параметры осей ГПА и микробн

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… . | Probiotic (Single strain) | Limosilactobacillus reuteri | Efficacy like Clonidine; ↓ YGTSS score (Tics) | [ 74 ] 3.2. Neurological Conditions Evaluated The included studies were classified into four major categories of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions ( Table 4 ). … In one small-scale trial, a psychobiotic intervention demonstrated exploratory improvements descriptively like clonidine with fewer adverse events [ 74 ]. Nonetheless, these findings require caution due to limited sample sizes and a lack of formal power calculations for clinical equivalence. …

Paravertebral anaesthesia with or without sedation versus general anaesthesia for women undergoing breast cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Surgical removal of the cancer is the mainstay of treatment; howeve … w-certainty evidence). Differences in the methods of two studies (119 participants) and addition of clonidine to the local anaesthetic in two studies (109 participants), respectively, contributed to the heterogeneity (I² = 96%) observed for these two outcomes. Two studies (130 participants) found that paravertebral anaesthesia may reduce pain on movement at …

Emerging advances in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for optimizing cancer complications.

The management and treatment of tumor complications pose continuous challenges due to the inherent complexity. However, the advent of drug delivery systems (DDSs) brings promising opportunities to address the tumor complications using innovative technological approaches. This review focuses on common oncological complications, including cancer thrombosis, malignant serous effusion, tumor-associated infections, cancer pain, and treatment-related complications. Emphasis was placed on the application and potential of DDSs in mitigating and treating these tumor complications, and we delved into th

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… Chen et al. designed an injectable electrostatically spun fibre-hydrogel composite capable of sequentially releasing clonidine and ropivacaine. The functions of clonidine and ropivacaine were similar to those of DEX and BUP, respectively. … This composite, composed of clonidine-containing nanofibers and a hydrogel containing ropivacaine, achieved prolonged regional analgesia in a mouse model. This development opens new possibilities for regional analgesic therapy ( Fig. 12 ) [ 141 ]. …

The use of interventional procedures for cancer pain. A brief review.

ContextPain is a common experience in people living with cancer. Concerns around opioid prescribing have seen a move toward a multi-modality management approach, which includes interventional pain procedures.PurposeIn this paper we discuss the interventional pain procedures used to treat cancer pain at two major tertiary centers in Australia.Methods and resultsThis expert review provides practical insights on cancer pain management from healthcare providers in different specialties. These insights can be used to guide the management of a wide range of cancer pain types.ConclusionsFurthermore,

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… The use of intrathecal opioid analgesia is well supported by reviews on safety, pain reduction, and cost-effectiveness and may be supplemented with other agents off label including local anesthetics or clonidine [ 28 , 29 ]. …

Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews.

BACKGROUND: Topical analgesic drugs are used for a variety of painful conditions. Some are acute, typically strains or sprains, tendinopathy … opical NSAIDs, topical salicylate in acute pain conditions, low concentration capsaicin, lidocaine, clonidine for neuropathic pain, and herbal remedies for any condition) was very low quality and typically limited to single studies or comparisons with sparse data.We assessed the evidence on withdrawals as moderate or very low quality, because of small numbe …

Pharmacological pain and sedation interventions for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants on assisted ventilation - an overview of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) may contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality and resu … MAIN RESULTS: We included seven Cochrane Reviews and one Cochrane Review protocol. The reviews on clonidine and paracetamol did not include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) matching our inclusion criteria. We included 40 RCTs (3791 infants) from reviews on paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus (3), midazolam (3), phenobarbital (9), opioids (20), and …

Drug assessment by a Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee: from drug selection criteria to use in clinical practice.

BackgroundIn Spain, hospital medicines are assessed and selected by local Pharmacy and Therapeutics committees (PTCs). Of all the drugs assessed, cancer drugs are particularly important because of their budgetary impact and the sometimes arguable added value with respect to existing alternatives. This study analyzed the PTC drug selection process and the main objective was to evaluate the degree of compliance of prescriptions for oncology drugs with their criteria for use.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study (May 2007 to April 2010) of PTC-assessed drugs. The variables measured

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… Year | Drug (therapeutic group a ) Not included n=8 (20%) | Included n=32 (80.0%) With criteria for use n=28 (87.5%) | Without criteria for use n=4 (12.5%) May 2007 to April 2008 | Eplerenone (C03DA) | Glutamine (B05XB) | Clonidine (C02AC) Botulinum toxin type B (M03AX) | Bortezomib (L01XX) b | Levetiracetam …

Delirium in Critically Ill Cancer Patients With COVID-19.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has been a devastating pandemic with little known of its neuropsychiatric complications. Delirium is one of the most common neuropsychiatric syndromes among hospitalized cancer patients with incidence ranging from 25% to 40% and rates of up to 85% in the terminally ill. Data on the incidence, risk factors, duration, and outcomes of delirium in critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19 are lacking.ObjectiveTo report the incidence, risks and outcomes of critically ill cancer patients who developed COVID-19.MethodsThis is a retrospective single-center study evaluating deliri

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… (11.8) | 42 (79.3) | 44 (62.9) | <0.001 Duration, d | 4.5 (2–7) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1.5–3) | 0.351 Ketamine | 1 (5.9) | 16 (30.2) | 17 (24.3) | 0.053 Duration, d | 1 (1–1) | 4.5 (2–7) | 4 (2–6) | 0.217 Propofol | 9 (52.9) | 42 (79.3) | 51 (72.9) | 0.057 Duration, d | 2 (1–3) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 0.045 Clonidine …

First-line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Different first-line drug classes for patients with hypertension are often assumed to have similar effectiveness with respect to … er comparators included angiotensin II receptor blockers, aliskiren (a direct renin inhibitor), and clonidine (a centrally acting drug). Only three studies reported data for total serious adverse events: two studies compared diuretics with calcium channel blockers and one with a direct renin inhibitor. Compared to first-line beta-blockers, first-line thiazi …

Applied information retrieval and multidisciplinary research: new mechanistic hypotheses in complex regional pain syndrome.

BackgroundCollaborative efforts of physicians and basic scientists are often necessary in the investigation of complex disorders. Difficulties can arise, however, when large amounts of information need to reviewed. Advanced information retrieval can be beneficial in combining and reviewing data obtained from the various scientific fields. In this paper, a team of investigators with varying backgrounds has applied advanced information retrieval methods, in the form of text mining and entity relationship tools, to review the current literature, with the intention to generate new insights into th

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… factor, alpha), BDK (Bradykinin), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) Small Molecule | glutamate, DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide), PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2), magnesium, noradrenaline, capsaicin, glucocorticoid, mannitol, pentoxifylline, naproxen, bisphosphonate, verapamil, morphine, ketamine, amitriptyline, clonidine …