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Chronic Psychological Stress in Oncogenesis: Multisystem Crosstalk and Multimodal Interventions.

Malignant tumors constitute a major global public health burden. Chronic psychological stress (CPS) manifests as sustained dysregulation arising from prolonged adaptive responses to chronic endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Clinical evidence indicates that CPS markedly influences cancer progression, with most oncology patients developing detectable stress-related psychological disorders during disease management. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding CPS-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and evaluates current intervention approaches. Mechanistically, CPS compromises immune surve

Dissecting the role of bone marrow stromal cells on bone metastases.

Tumor-induced bone disease is a dynamic process that involves interactions with many cell types. Once metastatic cancer cells reach the bone, they are in contact with many different cell types that are present in the cell-rich bone marrow. These cells include the immune cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. Each of these cell populations can influence the behavior or gene expression of both the tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. Additionally, the tumor itself can alter the behavior of these bone marrow cells which further alters both t

Cancer therapy-associated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A narrative review of mechanisms, drug associations, and clinical implications.

Anticancer therapies have been increasingly associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). As prior reports remain fragmented across case studies and drug-specific reviews, this paper offers one of the most comprehensive reviews to date of cancer therapy-associated TTC. While classically triggered by emotional or physical stress, TTC has been increasingly associated with chemotherapy and other cancer-directed therapies. This literature review explores the pathophysiology, clinical features, and evolving evidence linking anticancer agents to TTC, with a focus on cytotoxic cancer therapy, hormo

Deciphering transcriptomic changes in chemobrain: a comprehensive review.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI), colloquially known as "chemobrain," represents a profound and debilitating side effect experienced by a significant number of cancer survivors, impacting their memory, multitasking, and quality of life. This review critically evaluates the molecular mechanisms underlying CICI, with a particular focus on the insights gained from transcriptomic analyses. As cancer incidence rises globally, understanding the complex interplay between chemotherapy agents and their cognitive repercussions becomes increasingly vital. Key mechanisms implicated in CIC

Role of Proteins in Oncology: Advances in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Targeted Therapy-A Narrative Review.

Modern oncology increasingly relies on the role of proteins as key components in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. This review examines advancements in protein biomarkers across several cancer types, including breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These biomarkers have proven critical for early detection, treatment response monitoring, and tailoring personalized therapeutic strategies. The article highlights the utility of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, in improving treatment efficacy while

Beyond Hyperglycemia: The Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment-related Cardiac Dysfunction.

Recent data suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have cardioprotective benefits. This effect may extend towards cardioprotection in cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, with proposed mechanisms extending beyond glycemic control to include anti-inflammatory effects, oxidative stress reduction, and metabolic reprogramming. This review synthesizes potential mechanisms, observational data, and emerging trial evidence to support sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a primary prevention strategy for cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction, particularly in anthracy

Patient-reported preferences for oral versus intravenous administration for the treatment of cancer: a review of the literature.

ObjectiveThe emergence of various modes of administration for cancer treatment, including oral administration, brings into focus the importance of patient preference for administration. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the administration preferences of cancer patients, specifically between oral and intravenous (IV) treatment, as well as the factors contributing to preference.MethodsA literature search was conducted in OvidSP to identify research in which the preferences of cancer patients for oral or IV treatment have been evaluated. Data were analyzed in two stages: 1) those artic

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

A systems-pharmacology analysis of herbal medicines used in health improvement treatment: predicting potential new drugs and targets.

For thousands of years, tonic herbs have been successfully used all around the world to improve health, energy, and vitality. However, their underlying mechanisms of action in molecular/systems levels are still a mystery. In this work, two sets of tonic herbs, so called Qi-enriching herbs (QEH) and Blood-tonifying herbs (BTH) in TCM, were selected to elucidate why they can restore proper balance and harmony inside body, organ and energy system. Firstly, a pattern recognition model based on artificial neural network and discriminant analysis for assessing the molecular difference between QEH an

Preoperative treatment and postoperative outcomes in osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures: a longitudinal database study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate perioperative treatment and postoperative outcomes in osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures (VFs), categorized by the type of spine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 40, diagnosed with VFs and osteoporosis, with initial spine surgery between April 2015 and February 2021, were analyzed using a Japanese claims database. Time-to-event analysis was conducted for postoperative outcome. Outcome-related factors were explored with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The study population (n = 4870) consisted of

Воздействие и механизмы N-3 и n-6 политетрафицированных жировых кислот в центральной нервной системе.

Мозг богат жирными кислотами (FAs) и полинунасыщенными жирными кислотами (PUFAs), такими, как докоза гексаэноиновая кислота (C22:6n-3, DHA) и арахидоническая кислота (C20:4n-6, ARA), причем первые в основном хранятся в виде фосфатидилэтилена, фосфатидила этаноламина (PE, диачила и плазма фосфолипид проформы) и фосфатидилсерин (PS), в то время как последние встречаются главным образом в фосфоглицеридах этаноламина (EPG) и составляют большинство фосфоглицеридов. По требованию организма ПФФА освобождаются от мембранных фосфолипидов (либо непосредственно, либо через их метаболиты, генерируемые сер

Benzyl isothiocyanate suppresses development of thyroid carcinoma by regulating both autophagy and apoptosis pathway.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer, characterized by rapid growth and invasion and poor prognosis. Due to its rarity and aggressive nature, ATC is a difficult condition to treat, thus knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its progression represents important research challenges. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a natural compound that has shown promising anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of BITC in ATC, highlighting signaling pathways involved in BITC mechanism of action. This work included in vitro a

Soluble Biomarkers of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, from Pathway Mapping to Clinical Trials: An Update.

Serum biomarkers of osteoarticular diseases have been in the limelight of current clinical research trends. Laboratory validation of defined and candidate biomarkers for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is of key importance for future decisional algorithms in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of these diseases. The current guidelines recommend the use of collagen degradation remnants, eg, CTX-I and CTX-II, in the complementary diagnosis of both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Besides the collagen degradation markers, enzymes that regulate bone and articular metabolism are useful in

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… As a classification the therapeutic possibilities can be divided into two major groups: a) antiresorptive drugs – bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) inhibitors, calcitonin, calcium, vitamin D, and phytoestrogens; b) bone remodeling …

Skeletal stem cells, a new direction for the treatment of bone and joint diseases.

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and their position at the apex of the differentiation hierarchy. They can generate mature bone cell types essential for bone development, maintenance, and repair. Lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that SSCs reside in the bone marrow, periosteum, and the resting zone of the growth plate. These findings not only enhance our understanding of bone growth and development mechanisms but also offer novel therapeutic strategies for conditions such as epiphyseal injuries, fractures, os

Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.

Metastasis is one of the important biological features of malignant tumors and one of the main factors responsible for poor prognosis. Although the widespread application of newer clinical technologies and their continuous development have significantly improved survival in patients with brain metastases, there is no uniform standard of care. More effective therapeutic measures are therefore needed to improve prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell colonization, growth, and invasion in the central nervous system is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of brai

What Are the Peripheral Blood Determinants for Increased Osteoclast Formation in the Various Inflammatory Diseases Associated With Bone Loss?

Local priming of osteoclast precursors (OCp) has long been considered the main and obvious pathway that takes place in the human body, where local bone lining cells and RANKL-expressing osteocytes may facilitate the differentiation of OCp. However, priming of OCp away from bone, such as in inflammatory tissues, as revealed in peripheral blood, may represent a second pathway, particularly relevant in individuals who suffer from systemic bone loss such as prevalent in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we used a systematic approach to review the literature on osteoclast formation in peripher

Potential Targeting Mechanisms for Bone-Directed Therapies.

Bone development is characterized by complex regulation mechanisms, including signal transduction and transcription factor-related pathways, glycobiological processes, cellular interactions, transportation mechanisms, and, importantly, chemical formation resulting from hydroxyapatite. Any abnormal regulation in the bone development processes causes skeletal system-related problems. To some extent, the avascularity of cartilage and bone makes drug delivery more challenging than that of soft tissues. Recent studies have implemented many novel bone-targeting approaches to overcome drawbacks. Howe

Терапевтический потенциал диметилФумарата для обработки высококалорийной/высокосортной диетологической ожиренией.

Ожирение характеризуется несбалансированностью между потреблением энергии и расходами, которая вызывает ненормальный рост жировых тканей. Диметилфумарат (ДМП) и его первичный активный метаболит монометилфумарат (ММФ) являются активаторами Nrf2 и признаны в качестве стратегических антиоксидантов. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить потенциал MMF и DMF в плане воздействия на адипогенез и ожирение, а также выявить соответствующие молекулярные механизмы. Предадипоциты 3T3-L1 были инкубированы с дифференциальной среды (MIX) и одновременно обработаны различными концентрациями MMF.

Role of bone marrow adipocytes in bone metastasis development and progression: a systematic review.

PurposeBone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most plentiful cells in the bone marrow and function as an endocrine organ by producing fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. Consequently, BMAs can interact with tumor cells, influencing both tumor growth and the onset and progression of bone metastasis. This review aims to systematically evaluate the role of BMAs in the development and progression of bone metastasis.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analys

Effects of physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on long-term tested and perceived cognition: results of a pragmatic follow-up study.

PurposeCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following chemotherapy is commonly reported in breast cancer survivors, even years after treatment. Data from preclinical studies suggest that exercise during chemotherapy may prevent or diminish cognitive problems; however, clinical data are scarce.MethodsThis is a pragmatic follow-up study of two original randomized trials, which compares breast cancer patients randomized to exercise during chemotherapy to non-exercise controls 8.5 years post-treatment. Cognitive outcomes include an online neuropsychological test battery and self-reported cog