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[Fatal cerebral and pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia in a child].

Immediately after induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a 2 1/2-year-old child developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis revealed by pneumothorax, an unusual manifestation. Despite treatment with amphotericin B, status epilepticus occurred; this manifestation was related to diffuse ischemic cerebral lesions probably caused by cerebral aspergillosis. Outcome was fatal. Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is responsible for non-specific pneumonia. Thoracic CT scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy are informative investigations. At recovery of bone marrow aplasia, the occurrence of h…

Epidemiologic survey of epilepsy among Army draftees in Lombardy, Italy.

We conducted an epidemiological survey of epilepsy among males born in 1967 who were called for selection for military service from the Lomb … ere seizure-free. Case histories revealed a background of febrile convulsions in 18.9% of subjects, status epilepticus in 11.3%, and a family history of epilepsy in 18.9%. Physical and mental development was normal in 75.5% of the subjects. Education level of subjects was lower than a control group, and the unemployment rate was the same as the local rate.

[Clinical analysis of immediate postoperative convulsion].

For the prevention and treatment of immediate postoperative convulsion which develops within 24 hours after neurosurgical operation, clinical analysis of consecutive 1293 cases in Kyoto University Hospital was done. Overall incidence was 3.1% and the incidence was highest in supratentorial craniotomy (5.7%). Previous history of convulsion was not contributory. In 77.5% of all cases, the convulsion was developed within 6 hours after operation and focal convulsion was more often than the generalized one. Status epilepticus was often developed. The incidence of convulsion was well correlated to t…

Delusions, illusions and hallucinations in epilepsy: 2. Complex phenomena and psychosis.

In this second paper the clinical features and electrophysiological underpinnings of more complex psychotic states associated with epilepsy are reviewed. (a) Complex partial status epilepticus, in particular of temporal lobe origin, may result in mental states remarkably similar to those seen in the primary psychoses. This non-convulsive state is associated with prolonged epileptic discharges on intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in hippocampal and other mesial temporal structures, sometimes without abnormalities on the scalp EEG. Where hallucinatory or psychotic symptomatology d…

Risk-benefit assessment of anticonvulsants in women of child-bearing potential.

Problems with anticonvulsants in women of child-bearing potential include potential adverse effects on appearance, contraception and pregnan … convulsant treatment is taken. Individual seizures carry little risk to the mother or the fetus but status epilepticus has a significant maternal and fetal mortality. The risk of status epilepticus must be taken into account when deciding whether to stop anticonvulsant treatment before pregnancy. There is a 2 to 3 times increased malformation rate in the offspring o …

[Semen cryopreservation in a sedated patient].

Semen cryopreservation is a way to preserve sperm before treatments that may affect fertility, such as chemo- and radiotherapy. Typically, semen is collected through masturbation, though alternatives like electrostimulation or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) exist for patients unable to provide a sample. Informed consent is required for these procedures. We describe a case of a young patient sedated in the ICU due to a therapy-resistant status epilepticus. His physicians planned to treat him with the gonadotoxic agent Cyclophosphamide, which can harm sperm quality. His family requested seme…

Central Nervous System Involvement in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma.

Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) represents a heterogeneous group of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) originating from the marginal z … atient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and recently diagnosed with splenic MZL who presented with status epilepticus and was subsequently diagnosed with secondary CNS involvement, highlighting its associated diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Salmonella enteritidis meningitis in an immunocompetent adult.

Invasive Salmonella infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It commonly affects patients who are immunocompromised or at extremes of age. We report an unusual case of a previously well 50-year-old gentleman with disseminated Salmonella infection. He presented with left hemispheric syndrome from an acute left middle cerebral artery stroke, complicated by status epilepticus requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Investigations revealed a large retroperitoneal abscess, and evidence of meningeal inflammation, ventriculitis and empyema. He required an abdominal dra…

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in childhood: A clinical review and practical approach.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) of unknown aetiology is an extremely rare but severe epilepsy syndrome. It is characterized by a nonspecific febrile infection a few days before the onset of super-refractory status epilepticus, followed by refractory epilepsy and high morbidity in previously healthy children and young adults. To date, FIRES is incurable and irreversible. The clinical course may depend more on time than on therapy, while the outcome may depend more on the clinical spectrum than on therapy. Based on a literature search, retrospective data analysis, and persona…

Lupus Cerebritis as a Rare Neuropsychiatric Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune condition that shows an overlap of at least two connective tissue diseases (CTD) including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, Sjögren's syndrome, polymyositis, or dermatomyositis. From a laboratory standpoint, MCTD is associated with high titers of anti-U1-RNP antibodies, which makes it difficult to determine whether it is a variant of each of the respective CTDs or a different entity altogether. Our objective is to report the case of a patient with MCTD presenting with status epilepticus who w…

Multifocal myoclonus as a presentation of levetiracetam toxicity.

BACKGROUND: Levetiracetam (LEV) is widely used for treatment of focal and myoclonic seizures, but reports of LEV toxicity are scarce. Here, we report a rare case of multifocal myoclonus due to LEV toxicity in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old woman with history of chronic kidney disease was admitted to the ICU for sedation and intubation after a cardiac arrest. She developed nonconvulsive status epilepticus that resolved after administration of propofol while receiving LEV 1500 mg twice a day. After holding the propofol infusion, the patient started …

Isolated splenic sarcoidosis: a rare cause of hypercalcaemia in a patient with type 1 diabetes.

A 30-year-old man was admitted to Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) with status epilepticus secondary to severe hypoglycaemia on a background of type 1 diabetes. CT of the brain showed generalised cerebral oedema. He was successfully stepped down to a medical ward after 2 weeks. He was noted to have persistently high calcium, which required multiple doses of pamidronate. Parathyroid hormone level was appropriately low. CT of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis showed mild hepatosplenomegaly with small pathological lymph nodes throughout the abdomen. Bone marrow biopsy was unremarkable. Lymph node biopsy…

Ketogenic diet and Neuroinflammation.

The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy with a proven efficacy. The KD is being explored for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) and epileptic encephalopathies. There is growing evidence that KD works by targeting dysregulated adaptive and innate immunity that occurs in drug-resistant epilepsy and in refractory status epilepticus. Beyond epilepsy, there are yet additional potential uses in neurological disorders because KD appears to have the broad anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The KD exerts …

Treatment of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Neonatal Meningitis with Combination Systemic and Intraventricular Therapy.

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a gram negative bacillus ubiquitous in the hospital environment, is known to infrequently cause serious neonatal infections, particularly meningitis which is associated with high mortality and neuromorbidity in survivors. The authors describe a healthy term newborn with no apparent risk factors who developed Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sepsis and meningitis on day 6 of life. Diagnosis could be established only after a week of the illness by which time the baby developed refractory status epilepticus, ventriculitis and hydrocephalus. The isolate was susceptibl…

Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis.

Encephalitis is typically viral (approximately half of diagnosed cases) or autoimmune (about a quarter) with the remainder remaining undiagnosable at this time. All require general supportive care but only a minority requires intensive care admission - in these intubation, to protect the airway or to treat status epilepticus with anesthetic drugs, may be needed. In some dysautonomia with wide blood pressure fluctuations is the principal concern. Remarkably, in addition to supportive care, specific treatment options are available for the majority - immune-modulating therapy for those with autoi…

Management of a first seizure. Special problems: adults and elderly.

A first seizure out of a clear blue sky can be a major life-changing event. Careful history-taking and appropriate investigation together wi … duction of AED therapy. Particular problems can occur in patients with a single episode of provoked status epilepticus, a first tonic-clonic seizure during pregnancy and, particularly, an unprovoked event in older and learning disabled people. Treatment following a first seizure should balance risk factors for recurrence with the informed opinion of the patients and …

Вирусный энцефалит Западного Нила: новая болезнь в реципиентах почечной трансплантации.

Вирус Западного Нила (ВНВ) стал важной причиной нескольких вспышек фебрильных заболеваний и энцефалита в Северной Америке за последние несколько лет. Наиболее распространенным проявлением симптоматического заболевания является болезнь фебрилляции. Нейроинвазивное заболевание, которое может быть смертельным, чаще всего встречается у пожилых людей и у иммунокомпромиссированных носителей. Роль этого вируса как причины меноэнцефалита в реципиентах трансплантации органов получает все большее признание. Здесь мы описываем клинический курс двух реципиентов почечных аллографов, развивших энцефалит ВНВ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as an important cause of several outbreaks of febrile illness and encephalitis in North America over the p … ical course of two renal allograft recipients who developed WNV encephalitis. One patient developed status epilepticus and eventually died, while the other had a full recovery. In both cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by detection of WNV-specific IgM in CSF or serum, with a delayed antibody response in one patient. This viral infection should be considered in all …

[Mortality in epilepsies].

INTRODUCTION: The overall mortality associated with epilepsy has been estimated to be two or three times that of the general population. Dat … autonomically mediated cardiac arrhythmia and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Other causes of death are status epilepticus, trauma, burns or drowning secondary to a seizure, severe aspiration, food bolus, and the presence of significant cardiorespiratory disease.

Cluster of five children with acute encephalopathy associated with cat-scratch disease in south Florida.

Between August 12 and September 27, 1994, five children in South Florida were hospitalized at a single hospital because of encephalopathy, presenting as status epilepticus, associated with cat-scratch disease (CSD). Diagnoses were confirmed by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect antibody to Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of CSD. These cases represent the first cluster of CSD encephalopathy cases to be recognized in the United States. The patients lived within 7 miles of each other and all reported contact with pet or stray cats before developing regional lymphadenop…

Pharmacological inhibition of brain carbonic anhydrase protects against 4-aminopyridine seizures.

The effects of the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase on the manifestation of tonic-clonic seizures were investigated in freely-moving rats. 4 … istration of acetazolamide decreased the incidence of generalized convulsions and protected against status epilepticus. Chronic acetazolamide treatment for 2 days affected only the generalized convulsions. The results suggested that alterations of the extracellular and intracellular pH by acetazolamide decreased the efficacy of synaptic transmission in several areas …