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Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Leukemia: Future Perspectives.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gastrointestinal tract. Numerous studies have shown a strong association between the gut microbiota and the emergence and progression of various diseases. Leukemia is one of the most common hematologic malignancies. Although standardized protocols and expert consensus have been developed for routine diagnosis and treatment, limitations remain due to individual differences. Nevertheless, a large number of studies have established a link between the gut microbiota and leukemia, with disturbances in the gut microbiota

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… Song Y Gyarmati P Bacterial translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia PLoS ONE 2019 14 e0214526 10.1371/journal.pone.0214526 30934014 PMC6443231 Song Y, Gyarmati P. Bacterial translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia. …

The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer.

Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence foster

Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges.

Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chroni

Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.

New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- a

Полнотрансформатная ретиноидальная кислота в гематологическое расстройство: не только острая промиелоцитическая лейкемия.

Всетранс-ретиноиновая кислота (ATRA) играет определенную роль в развитии тканей, нейронной функции, воспроизводстве, зрение, росте и дифференциации клеток, иммунитете от опухоли и апоптозе. АТРА может действовать, вызывая автофагическую сигнализацию, ангиогенез, клеточную дифференциацию, апоптоз и иммунную функцию. В крови ATRA впервые с большим успехом использовалась в острой промиелоцитической лейкемии (APL), где ATRA дифференцировала клетки лейкемии на зрелые гранулоциты. АТРА может играть определенную роль не только в ППН, но и в других гематоологических заболеваниях, таких, как иммунная т

Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis.

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date. METHODS: A narrative literature review id

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… Irinotecan injures tight junction and causes bacterial translocation in rat. J Surg Res. 2012;173:341-347. 144. Sandmeier D, Chaubert P, Bouzourene H. Irinotecan-induced colitis. Int J Surg Pathol. 2005;13:215-218. 145. Soares PM, Mota JM, Gomes AS, et al. … Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in paclitaxel-induced intestinal barrier breakdown and bacterial translocation in rats. Chin Med J (Engl). 2011;124:1870-1875. 151. Boussios S, Pentheroudakis G, Katsanos K, Pavlidis N. …

Изучение взаимосвязи между гутт-здоровьем и аутоиммунными заболеваниями: систематический обзор и мета-анализ.

Аутоиммунные заболевания (АИД) представляют собой многогранные хронические заболевания, характеризующиеся иммунной дисрегулированием и системным воспалением. Более свежие данные указывают пальцем на микробиоту человеческого кишечника, триллионную популяцию микроорганизмов, обитающих в человеческом тракте GI, в качестве главного влиятельного модулятора иммунной реактивности и важного фактора аутоиммунной патогенез. Цель этого систематического обзора будет заключаться в изучении вопроса о том, каким образом литература соотносится с систематическими изменениями в микробиоте кишечника в АИД, а так

Влияние жизненных поступков, способствующих укреплению здоровья, на микробиоту у выживших жертв гематологического рака: обзор скопирования.

Целью этого аналитического обзора является изучение взаимосвязи между поведением, способствующим здоровому образу жизни, и микробиотой кишечника у выживших жертв гематологического рака, включая лейкемию, лимфому и множественную миелому. С учетом растущего числа таких случаев и связанных с этим проблем с лечением понимание того, как факторы образа жизни влияют на состояние здоровья, может дать представление о том, как улучшиться состояние выживших жертв. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели всеобъемлющий поиск по нескольким базам данных, включая PubMed/Medline, CINAHL и Scopus, вслед за предпочтительными элемент

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… s retrospective comparative study demonstrated that enteral supplementation with glutamine, fiber, and oligosaccharides (GFO) reduced gut bacterial translocation and improved short‐term survival of patients after HSCT by alleviating gut injury and enhancing gastrointestinal health [ 27 ]. …

Помимо потери веса: изучение неврологических последствий изменённой микробиоты кишечника послекариатрической хирургии.

В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются результаты, связанные с неврологическими расстройствами, кишечной микробиотой и бариатрической хирургией, с уделением особого внимания нейротрансмиттерам, нейроэндокрину, патофизиологии бактерий, способствующих возникновению нарушений, и возможным терапевтическим вмешательствам. Исследования в области нейротрансмиттеров показывают, что их уровни сильно зависят от кишечного микробиота, которая может связать их с такими неврологическими расстройствами, как болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, множественный склероз, депрессия и расстройства спектра аутизма. Пато

The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of v

Mucormycosis during Imatinib treatment: case report.

UnlabelledPhiladelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia is classified as a very high-risk group and it requires an intensive chemotherapy regimen associated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant from related or unrelated HLA matched donor. Most times, intensive chemotherapy regimens are associated with prolonged and profound pancytopenia when the risk of invasive fungal infection increases. After Candida and Aspergillus species, Mucormycosis is the third frequent fungal infection in hematology patients and it is associated with a redu

Porphyromonas gingivalis поощряет передачу Т-клеток через канал сигнала NF-_B/CXCR3 в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS); его моделью является экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE). Периодонтит с участием Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) был связан с MS и продемонстрировал, что он усугубляет EAE, однако механизмы остаются неясными. МЕТОДЫ: Мыши были случайны four группы (n = 8): контроль, только периодонтит, только EAE и EAE с периодонитом. Ежедневно проводилась оценка неврологического дефицита. Спинальный CD4+ и CD4+CXCR3+ T-фильтрация и активация NF-_B были оценены иммунофлюоресценц

Pathology Competencies in Medical Education and Educational Cases: Update 2023.

Pathology is a core component of medical school curricula because understanding the pathogenesis of the disease is foundational both for diagnostic efficiency and optimal use of ancillary resources in patient care. The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) were developed as a national resource of expectations of pathology knowledge for medical students. The PCME are composed of three competencies: disease mechanisms and processes, organ system pathology, and diagnostic pathology and therapeutic pathology. The learning goals and learning objectives of the PCME that were first publ

Xanthohumol: Mechanistic Actions and Emerging Evidence as a Multi-Target Natural Nutraceutical.

BACKGROUND: Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone flavonoid derived from hops (Humulus lupulus), is increasingly recognized as a highly pleiotropic natural compound. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to structure XN's mechanistic hierarchy with emerging translational relevance across disease areas. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive and integrative literature review of XN for its biological and translational effects across cancer, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and dermatological disorders. RESULTS: Mechanistically, XN exerts diverse bioactivities by inhibiting major pro-on

Гут Микробиом и мальгический энцефаломилит/хронический синдром утомления (ME/CFS): Понимание механизмов борьбы с заболеваниями.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatige (ME/CFS) — клиническая болезнь, характерная особенность которой заключается в постэкспертальной болезни (PEM). Она может влиять на многие органы и системы, что приводит к серьезному ухудшению качества жизни пациентов. Несмотря на многочисленные постинфекционные, иммунологические, неврологические, метаболические и эндокринные изменения, не существует ни окончательного диагностического маркера, ни утвержденного лечения. Этиология и патофизиология по-прежнему не до конца понимаются; однако появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что кишечная микробиомия

Oleocanthal as a Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Synergies for Precision Oncology.

Oleocanthal (OC), a secoiridoid phenolic compound exclusive to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has emerged as a promising nutraceutical with multifaceted anti-cancer properties. Despite its well-characterized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanistic breadth and translational potential of OC in oncology remain underexplored and fragmented across the literature. This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically analyzes recent advances in the molecular, pharmacological, and translational landscape of OC's anti-cancer activities, providing an integrative framework to bridge pr

NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications.

NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other importa

Feeding the critically ill obese patient: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify effective enteral nutritional regimens targeting protein and calorie … ce to suggest the enteral route is associated with the maintenance of gut integrity, a reduction in bacterial translocation and infection rates, a reduction in the incidence of stress ulceration, attenuation of oxidative stress, release of incretins and other entero-hormones, and modulation of systemic immune responses. Yet there is evidence that the initiation of entera …

Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a scoping review.

Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a group of rare disorders in which patients present with the clinical features of bowel obstruction in the absence of mechanical occlusion. The management of PIPO presents a challenge as evidence remains limited on available medical and surgical therapy. Parenteral nutrition is often the mainstay of therapy. Long-term therapy may culminate in life-threatening complications including intestinal failure-related liver disease, central line thrombosis and sepsis. Intestinal transplantation remains the only definitive cure in PIPO but is a

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… IFALD arises from a combination of SIBO bacterial translocation, recurrent line sepsis, release of endotoxins and synthetic concentrations of PN solutions with excessive glucose and lipids and inadequate micronutrients and amino acids [ 16 , 57 ]. … Decompression of bowel is associated with a number of favourable outcomes in approximately 50% of patients including: reduction in symptoms of abdominal distension and vomiting, preservation of residual intestinal motor function, reduced SIBO, fewer septic episodes related to bacterial translocations …

Clusterin and pentraxin 3 are markers of severity during febrile neutropenia in adults with haematological malignancies receiving intensive chemotherapy.

The identification of predictive biomarkers of severity can improve patient management because febrile neutropenia can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We prospectively studied pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a soluble innate immunity receptor, and clusterin (CLU), a chaperone protein that binds extracellular histones during sepsis, in patients experiencing febrile neutropenia after intensive treatment for haematological malignancies. One hundred and forty-three adult patients were included, with 158 episodes of neutropenia analysed. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 119 patients