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Lamotrigine vs. lamotrigine plus divalproex in randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment for bipolar depression.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the maintenance efficacy of lamotrigine (Lam) to combination therapy of Lam+divalproex ER (Div) in recently depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD: We randomized 86 BD I or II patients in a major depressive episode to 8 months of double-blind treatment with Lam+placebo or Lam+Div. To be eligible for randomization, patients had to achieve control of both depressive and manic symptoms during an open phase that included both Lam and Div. RESULTS: Time to depressive episode did not differ significantly by Kaplan-Maier survival analysis (χ2=1.82, df=1, P=0.18)…

An fMRI investigation of cerebellar function during verbal working memory in methadone maintenance patients.

Working memory is impaired in opioid-dependent individuals, yet the neural underpinnings of working memory in this population are largely unknown. Previous studies in healthy adults have demonstrated that working memory is supported by a network of brain regions that includes a cerebro-cerebellar circuit. The cerebellum, in particular, may be important for inner speech mechanisms that assist verbal working memory. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity associated with working memory in five opioid-dependent, methadone-maintained patients and five matche

Use of a 'microecological technique' to study crime incidents around methadone maintenance treatment centers.

AIMS: Concern about crime is a significant barrier to the establishment of methadone treatment centers (MTCs). Methadone maintenance reduces crime among those treated, but the relationship between MTCs and neighborhood crime is unknown. We evaluated crime around MTCs. SETTING: Baltimore City, MD, USA. PARTICIPANTS: We evaluated crime around 13 MTCs and three types of control locations: 13 convenience stores (stores), 13 residential points and 10 general medical hospitals. MEASURES: We collected reports of Part 1 crimes from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2001 from the Baltimore City Police D…

Long waiting period to enter methadone maintenance treatment: relation to patient characteristics and outcome.

Methadone maintenance treatment is a chronic treatment for opiate addicts. After having reached full capacity, new admissions to our clinic were delayed (through a waiting list) for all but opiate addicts with HIV and pregnant women. We compared characteristics and outcomes between patients admitted without delay (1993-2002) and those admitted through a waiting list (2003-2009). All 704 patients admitted between June 1993 and June 2009 were followed up until June 2010. There were 470 patients in the early period and 234 in the late period (56 patients were admitted immediately and 178 after 1.…

Cost analysis of kidney transplantation in highly sensitized recipients compared to intermittent maintenance hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation in allosensitized recipients has recently increased. Studies performing cost analysis of desensitization protocols are scarce. MATERIAL/METHODS: We performed an actual cost comparison between kidney transplantation following desensitization and maintenance hemodialysis. Group A (n=35) consisted of allosensitized recipients who underwent desensitization using immunoadsorption and/or plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin and anti-CD20 antibody who were followed for ≥ 2 years. Group B (n=49) consisted of matched patients who remained on hemodialysis throug…

Mei-P26 regulates the maintenance of ovarian germline stem cells by promoting BMP signaling.

In the Drosophila ovary, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands maintain germline stem cells (GSCs) in an undifferentiated state. The acti … ated state remains uncertain. Data presented here show that Mei-P26 cell-autonomously regulates GSC maintenance in addition to its previously described role of promoting germline cyst development. Within undifferentiated germ cells, Mei-P26 associates with miRNA pathway components and represses the translation of a shared target mRNA, suggesting that Mei-P26 …

Immunocompetent cell functions in Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients on prolonged Imatinib maintenance treatment.

Imatinib mesylate (Imatinib) is a potent inhibitor of defined tyrosine kinases and is effectively used for the treatment of malignancies cha … of these subpopulations in Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients on prolonged Imatinib maintenance treatment. Circulating T lymphocytes and NK cells from Imatinib-treated Ph(+) ALL patients showed a subset distribution comparable to that of healthy donors. In addition, T-cell immunomodulant cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and proliferative res …

Differential maintenance of cortical and cancellous bone strength following discontinuation of bone-active agents.

Osteoporotic patients treated with antiresorptive or anabolic agents experience an increase in bone mass and a reduction in incident fractures. However, the effects of these medications on bone quality and strength after a prolonged discontinuation of treatment are not known. We evaluated these effects in an osteoporotic rat model. Six-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with placebo, alendronate (ALN, 2 µg/kg), parathyroid hormone [PTH(1-34); 20 µg/kg], or raloxifene (RAL, 2 mg/kg) three times a week for 4 months and withdrawn from the treatments for 8 months. Treatment with ALN,

Sexual dysfunction among male patients receiving buprenorphine and naltrexone maintenance therapy for opioid dependence.

INTRODUCTION: Opioid-dependent men suffer from sexual dysfunctions in the short and long term. The medications used for long-term pharmacotherapy of opioid dependence also affect sexual functioning, though this has been a poorly investigated area so far. AIM: To study the sexual dysfunction in opioid-dependent men receiving buprenorphine and naltrexone maintenance therapy. METHODS: A semistructured questionnaire and Brief Male Sexual Functioning Inventory (BMFSI) was administered to a sample of 60 sexually active men, receiving buprenorphine (n = 30) and naltrexone (n = 30) maintenance thera…

Opiate users' perceived barriers against attending methadone maintenance therapy: a qualitative study in China.

Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in China is facing challenges such as high relapse rates and low coverage. The study assessed factors influencing MMT utilization among opiate users. In-depth interviews were conducted among 30 opiate users in 2008 to ascertain the barriers against seeking MMT. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Barriers to the treatment included requirement of registration with police, perceived discrimination, logistic difficulties, side effects, fear of being addicted to another drug, lack of additional services, and economic burden. The result suggests the need for struc…

Earning "take-home" privileges and long-term outcome in a methadone maintenance treatment program.

OBJECTIVES: This observational prospective study aimed to determine whether duration to the earning of privileges of "take-home" methadone doses (as a part of behavioral enforcement) reflects long-term outcome of patients in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS: All 657 former heroin addicts admitted to our MMT clinic between June 1993 and June 2008 were prospectively studied and followed up. Duration from admission to first take-home dose (until October 2008), to leaving (retention, until June 2009), and to dying (survival, until June 2008) was calculated. RESULTS: Most patients (…

Priming of adult pain responses by neonatal pain experience: maintenance by central neuroimmune activity.

Adult brain connectivity is shaped by the balance of sensory inputs in early life. In the case of pain pathways, it is less clear whether nociceptive inputs in infancy can have a lasting influence upon central pain processing and adult pain sensitivity. Here, we show that adult pain responses in the rat are 'primed' by tissue injury in the neonatal period. Rats that experience hind-paw incision injury at 3 days of age, display an increased magnitude and duration of hyperalgesia following incision in adulthood when compared with those with no early life pain experience. This priming of spinal r

Антивирусная память CD8 Дифференциация, техническое обслуживание и вторичное расширение происходят независимо от MyD88.

Воспламенительные сигналы, вызываемые инфекцией, регулируют расширение, дифференциацию и формирование памяти Т-клеток. Типичные рецепторы (ТЛР) являются подстрекательскими посредниками, которые позволяют врожденным иммунным клеткам распознавать патогены, проникающие в организм, и реагировать на них. Помимо их роли во врожденных иммунных клетках, мы обнаружили, что сигналы, подаваемые через белковый белковый белок миэлоидной дифференциации 88 (MyD88), играют критически важную роль в поддержке выживания и накопления клеток антигенного эффекта после острой вирусной инфекции. Однако значение завис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Inflammatory signals induced during infection regulate T-cell expansion, differentiation, and memory formation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) a … iral infection. However, the importance of MyD88-dependent signals in regulating the generation and maintenance of memory T cells remained unclear. To address this, we used a novel, inducible knockout system to examine whether MyD88 is required for optimal memory CD8 T-cell generation and responses after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. We show t …

Maintenance requirements associated with mandibular implant overdentures: clinical results after first year of service.

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the prosthodontic maintenance requirements during the first year of service of mandibular overdentures supported by interforaminal implants and to assess the influence of attachment type, implant number, and bite force on these requirements. Fifty-nine patients treated with mandibular implant overdentures between the years 2004 and 2009 and appearing in the 12th-month recall were included in this study. The overdentures constituted 4 groups: 2 single interforaminal implants (1 group with locator and 1 group with ball attachments), 3 single interfo…

Drug injecting in patients in New Zealand Methadone Maintenance Treatment programs: an anonymous survey.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: To investigate the prevalence and nature of injecting behaviour among patients on Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programs. DESIGN AND METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire was handed to 423 patients enrolled in MMT across six clinics in the lower North Island of New Zealand. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients responded, giving a 35.6% response rate. One hundred and twenty (79.5%) respondents reported they had injected methadone while enrolled in MMT, 84 (55.6%) had injected methadone in the last year and of those 43 (35.8%) had injected methadone in the last week…

Relationship between perceived improvement and treatment satisfaction among clients of a methadone maintenance program.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between perceived improvement and client satisfaction in a methadone maintenance treatment population. A secondary objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Improvement Questionnaire (PIQ). DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Two hundred and thirty-two clients of a methadone maintenance treatment program filled out self-reported questionnaires and two open-ended questions measuring their perceived improvement and their level of satisfaction with the services received. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Correlation an…

Disparity between heroin addicts enrolled in maintenance treatment and detoxification treatment and its implication.

Fundamentally, detoxification treatment aims to stop substance use behavior among the opioid addicts, while maintenance treatment aims to promote a healthier addiction behavior among the subjects by providing safer chemical substitutes. In this study, we evaluated the differences of social-demographics and clinical features between heroin addicts enrolled in detoxification and maintenance treatment. Data of 748 heroin addicts admitted for maintenance treatment or detoxification treatment between January 2004 and October 2007 were retrieved. Statistical analyses showed that older mean age, scho…

Effect of maintenance hemodialysis on diastolic left ventricular function in end-stage renal disease.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of maintenance hemodialysis on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Study population consisted of 42 patients with end-stage renal disease. Before an arteriovenous fistula was surgically created, the patients were evaluated by conventional and Doppler echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging. Then, the patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment when the arteriovenous fistula was compleated. After the first hemodialysis session (mean 76.14 ± 11.37 days) the second echocardiographic evaluations were performed. …

Maintenance of red blood cell integrity by AMP-activated protein kinase alpha1 catalytic subunit.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. We previously showed that AMPKalpha1-/- mice develop moderate anemia associated with splenomegaly and high reticulocytosis. Here, we report that splenectomy of AMPKalpha1-/- mice worsened anemia supporting evidence that AMPKalpha1-/- mice developed a compensatory response through extramedullary erythropoiesis in the spleen. Transplantation of bone marrow from AMPKalpha1-/- mice into wild-type recipients recapitulated the hematologic phenotype. Further, AMPKalpha1-/- red blood cells (RBC) showed l