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Capsaicin: Current Understanding of Its Mechanisms and Therapy of Pain and Other Pre-Clinical and Clinical Uses.

In this review, we discuss the importance of capsaicin to the current understanding of neuronal modulation of pain and explore the mechanisms of capsaicin-induced pain. We will focus on the analgesic effects of capsaicin and its clinical applicability in treating pain. Furthermore, we will draw attention to the rationale for other clinical therapeutic uses and implications of capsaicin in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, airway diseases, itch, gastric, and urological disorders.

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… Neurogenic bladder is often present in patients with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other neurological pathologies. … The first possibility of clinical use of capsaicin in the treatment of urinary tract disorders was demonstrated using intravesical injection of a 100 mL of 1 mM (30 mg) solution of capsaicin (dissolved in alcohol and saline) in patients with multiple sclerosis that presented bladder detrusor hyperreflexia …

Механизмы расследования, лежащие в основе развития симптома паралича в модели MS.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное нейродегенеративное расстройство, при котором около 80% пациентов страдают от боли и 50% — от паралича. Используя модель грызунов для MS, экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит (EAE), исследователи в основном изучают паралич/моторные заболевания как клинический симптом EAE с меньшим количеством изучения боли MS/EAE. Однако в EAE все мыши испытывают боль как фенотип и только подмножество прогрессирует к параличу. Несмотря на обширные исследования, характеризующие патологию заболеваний, этиология, которая способствует диапазону боли и симптомов мо

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder with approximately 80 % of patients suffering from pain and 50 % from paralysis. Using a rodent model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), researchers have predominately investigated paralysis/motor disease as the clinical symptom of EAE with fewer studying MS/EAE pain. H…

Peripheral Nervous, Hepatic, and Gastrointestinal Endpoints for AL Amyloidosis Clinical Trials: Report from the Amyloidosis Forum Multi-organ System Working Group.

Systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a heterogeneous rare disease driven by a destructive monoclonal gammopathy and typified by misfolded immunoglobulin light and/or heavy chains which aggregate and deposit in organs as insoluble amyloid fibrils. Disease heterogeneity is driven by the degree of multi-systemic involvement; cardiac, renal, neurological, and gastrointestinal (GI) systems are affected to varying degrees in different patients. While prognosis is primarily driven by hematologic response to treatment and outcomes associated with cardiac events and overall survival,

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT): Pathways to Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Discovered as inflammatory cytokines, MIF and DDT exhibit widespread expression and have emerged as critical mediators in the response to infection, inflammation, and more recently, in cancer. In this comprehensive review, we provide details on their structures, binding partners, regulatory mechanisms, and roles in cancer. We also elaborate on their significant impact in driving tumorigenesis across various cancer types, supported by extensive in vitro, in vivo, bioinformatic, and clinical studies. To date, only a limited number of clinical trials have explored MIF as a therapeutic target in c

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… In a recent Phase II Trial of Ibudilast in Multiple Sclerosis patients, Ibudliast administration slowed whole-brain atrophy, suggesting robust localization and targeting of oligodendrocytes (NCT01982842) [ 225 ]. …

Новый взгляд на механизмы нейродегенерации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломелите и многоразовом склерозе: ранняя и критическая роль платец в нейро/аксональной потере.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS) с ограниченными возможностями лечения. Для этого заболевания характерны различия в патофизиологии между серым веществом (GM) и белым веществом (WM). Преобладающей отличительной чертой ВМ является периваскулярная доска, связанная с потерей функции мозгового барьера (ББД), инфильтрацией лимфоцитов, микроглиальной реактивностью, обезвоживанием и аксонной травмой и должным образом обработанная иммуномодулятивными препаратами. С другой стороны, механизмы, лежащие в основе ущерба ГМ, остаются неясными, что имеет

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorder, with limited treatment options. This disease is characterized by differential pathophysiology between grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The predominant WM hallmark is the perivascular plaque, associated with blood brain barrier (BBB) loss of function, lymphocytic infiltratio…

IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura): An Update on Treatment.

Objective: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), previously named as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most frequent systemic vasculitis in children. In adults, IgAV is less common although it is associated with more severe disease. In fact, the frequency of glomerulonephritis (referred to as IgAV nephritis) in adults is higher than in children and tends to present more severely, with around 10-30% of those affected eventually progressing to end-stage renal disease. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology, main clinical features, diagnosis of the disease, and latest clinical data regarding IgAV therap

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… This drug, currently only approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, induced complete remission in a series of patients with severe IgAVN who experienced adverse events with RTX, suggesting a better tolerance of ofatumumab [ 100 ]. 5.2.2. …

Quantitative Imaging and Radiomics in Multiple Myeloma: A Potential Opportunity?

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common type of hematological disease and, although it is rare among patients under 40 years of age, its incidence rises in elderly subjects. MM manifestations are usually identified through hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anaemia, and lytic Bone lesions (CRAB). In particular, the extent of the bone disease is negatively related to a decreased quality of life in patients and, in general, bone disease in MM increases both morbidity and mortality. The detection of lytic bone lesions on imaging, especially computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance I

Clinicopathologic Features of Antibrush Border Antibody Disease.

IntroductionAntibrush border antibody disease (ABBA) is an autoimmune tubulointerstitial kidney disease that primarily affects older individuals and results in progressive kidney failure. It is rare with only 20 reported cases. Here, we describe a case series to further define the clinicopathologic spectrum and natural history, and to inform management.MethodsWe identified 67 patients with ABBA who underwent kidney biopsy, including 65 native and 2 transplants. Demographics, clinical findings, and laboratory data were obtained. Histopathologic data included light microscopy, immunofluorescence

Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Current Standards and Emerging Targets for GPA and MPA.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are severe autoimmune disorders characterized by necrotizing small-vessel inflammation, and are classified among anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). Standard induction therapy combines glucocorticoids (GCs) with rituximab (RTX) or cyclophosphamide (CYC), with growing emphasis on GC minimization and selective use of avacopan in patients at high risk of GC toxicity. For maintenance therapy, fixed-interval RTX generally outperforms conventional oral agents and biomarker-guided re-dosin

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… Originally approved for lymphoma, alemtuzumab has also been used off-label in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is licensed for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Given its potent immunosuppressive effects, it has been explored as a treatment for refractory AAV. …

Expedited drug review process: Fast, but flawed.

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… All the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers introduced for several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and relapsing multiple sclerosis produce serious adverse effects. …

50th ESCP Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy, Polypharmacy and ageing - highly individualized, interprofessional, person-centered care : 19–21 October 2022, Prague, Czech Republic

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Best of JACC: Case Reports From ACC.23.

This dedicated issue of JACC: Case Reports highlights the top ranked Complex Clinical Cases from the ACC 2023 Scientific Sessions. These cases were reviewed and selected by a committee of peers in the months leading up to the annual meeting. These reviewers were ACC members with no affiliation to the JACC: Case Reports Editorial Board. While the cases were presented at the meeting and included in the formal Abstract Book from ACC, they have not been published elsewhere. These cases illustrate how the ACC can be a place for cardiovascular professionals to come together to learn, grow, and share

LncRNA Gas5, a Target of the Nonsense-Mediated Decay Pathway in the Brain, Regulates Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Disease Pathways in a Tauopathy Mouse Model.

Dysregulation of target genes of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) in the brain remains sparsely known in tauopathies. PS19 transgenic mice expr … and downregulated neuroinflammatory pathways. The nodal genes in Parkinson's signaling pathway, the multiple sclerosis signaling pathway, the Gα(s) signaling pathway, the neuroinflammation signaling pathway, and the interferon gamma signaling pathway were decreased in response to NPC86. The study demonstrates the potential of selectively stabilizing NMD-target lncRN …

Complementary and alternative therapies in the palliative setting.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide range of medication, herbal, dietary and physical therapies that are not usually considered within the realm of conventional therapeutics. Approximately two thirds of the Australian population use CAMs and only around half of this number will discuss their use of these products with their doctor. Clinical use is commonly seen in patients with life-limiting illness, often because they experience a high burden of symptoms. However, it is also the case that many of these therapies do not have demonstrated efficacy, particularly for t

Acute Kidney Injury in Oncology Patients.

With rapid progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment in the last two decades, outcomes in oncological patients have improved significantly. However, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population has also increased significantly. AKI complicates many aspects of patients' care and adversely affects their prognoses; thus, accurately diagnosing the risk factors for AKI ensures appropriate management. AKI may be caused by pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal reasons, as well as for combined reasons. This review summarizes the potential etiologies of AKI according to the three

IL-38 as a Novel Biomarker in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Prospective Clinical Evaluation.

IntroductionMultiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory haematological malignancy. Interleukin 38 (IL-38) is a novel cytokine that has attracted significant research in recently years. However, no study has investigated IL-38 expression in MM. This study aims to investigate the expression of IL-38 in MM and to provide valuable insights for clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation.MethodsA total of 241 patients with MM (146 males, 95 females; R-ISS stage I: 111 cases, stage II: 74 cases, stage III: 56 cases) and 50 healthy individuals were included in this study. Medical records were reviewed for s

Landscape of small nucleic acid therapeutics: moving from the bench to the clinic as next-generation medicines.

The ability of small nucleic acids to modulate gene expression via a range of processes has been widely explored. Compared with conventional treatments, small nucleic acid therapeutics have the potential to achieve long-lasting or even curative effects via gene editing. As a result of recent technological advances, efficient small nucleic acid delivery for therapeutic and biomedical applications has been achieved, accelerating their clinical translation. Here, we review the increasing number of small nucleic acid therapeutic classes and the most common chemical modifications and delivery platf

Vitamin C Supplementation in the Treatment of Autoimmune and Onco-Hematological Diseases: From Prophylaxis to Adjuvant Therapy.

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin introduced through the diet with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and antioxidant activities. Today, this vitamin is integrated into the treatment of many inflammatory pathologies. However, there is increasing evidence of possible use in treating autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. We reviewed the literature to delve deeper into the rationale for using vitamin C in treating this type of pathology. There is much evidence in the literature regarding the beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation for treating autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus

The Role of Chemokines in Obesity and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss.

Obesity is a global health crisis that is closely interrelated to many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of specific chemokines involved in the development of obesity, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL5, CCL7, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL14, and XCL1 (lymphotactin). These chemokines exacerbate the symptoms of obesity by either promoting the inflammatory response or by influencing metabolic pathways and recruiting immune cells. Additionally, the research highlights the po

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… It has a major impact on a variety of refractory diseases, including various types of cancer, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and metabolic diseases [ 81 , 83 ]. Further studies of CCL2 are essential to elucidate its mechanism of action and physiological significance. … It influences a variety of tumors and diseases, including atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. …

Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher plasma levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased risk of dementias and other neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation hold utility in risk prediction and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and other neuropathology, but there remains a paucity of data in the T1D population. This study quantified plasma levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation [phosphorylated tau-181 (pTau-181), total tau (Tau), amyloid beta 42/amyloid beta 40 (Aβ42/40), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (