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Beyond Uniform Impairment: Investigating Declarative Memory Profiles in Nonspecific Mild Intellectual Disability Using Latent Profile Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Significant memory impairments are consistently observed in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), but considerable variability exists. This study investigated the heterogeneity of declarative memory in children and adolescents with nonspecific mild intellectual disability (NSID) to identify distinct memory profiles and potential predictors of this disability. METHODS: A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on a large sample (N = 999, including 114 with NSID) using six supplementary memory indices from the Test of Memory and Learning-Second Edition (TOMAL-2). A lo

Posterior cortical atrophy: reorganization of the dorsal attention network and its implications on volume loss and clinical performance.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is associated with visual attention, episodic memory, and working memory deficits, in addition to the typic … th a trend for smaller volumes in the entire network and significantly lower scores on the auditory verbal learning test-recognition percent correct and Wechsler Memory Scale III-digit span backward in PCA patients. Our results showed disruptions in DAN connectivity, particularly in the posterior regions, which could be contributing to episodic and working memory …

Long-term occupational exhaust fumes exposure and delayed cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional study in U.S.

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to exhaust fumes, containing neurotoxic particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is associated with cardiopulmonary diseases, but its cognitive effects in aging workers remain insufficiently studied. Given increasing occupational longevity, understanding these risks is critical for dementia prevention. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1110 adults aged 60 years and older in the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), comparing cognitive performance between exposed (24 %) and unexposed groups. Cognitive function

Cognitive and motor abilities predict auditory-cued finger tapping in a dual task.

Rhythmic auditory stimulation, a therapeutic method involving repetitive movements cued by rhythmic sounds, can support movement (re-)learning and attentional orienting, but effects vary. While properties of cues have been extensively studied, not much is known about the impact of individual differences in cognitive and motor abilities that enable sensorimotor synchronization. This study examined how stimulus complexity (metronome/music) and cognitive and motor functions affect tapping timing consistency and force. Fifty healthy young adults (ages 18-39) performed several finger tapping tasks,

Donepezil for cancer-related cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) affects a significant proportion of cancer patients and survivors, impacting their memory, focus, … ere included. We extracted data on cognitive outcomes of donepezil treatment, including the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA), as well as reported adverse events (AEs). Out of 896 identified records, nine studies involving 837 patients met the inclusion criteria, including five …

Computational modeling design of novel NMDAR agonist for the treatment of Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex, chronic mental disorder characterized by positive symptoms (such as delusions and hallucinations), negative symptoms (including anhedonia, alogia, avolition, and social withdrawal), and cognitive deficits (affecting attention, processing speed, verbal and visuospatial learning, problem-solving, working memory, and mental flexibility). Extensive animal and clinical studies have emphasized the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis of SZ. Glycine plays a crucial role as an agonist of NMDAR, enhancing the receptor's affinity for glutamate and supporting normal synaptic fun

White matter injuries mediate brain age effects on cognitive function in cerebral small vessel disease.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the potential effect of compromised structural integrity on cerebral aging and cognitive function in … Examination (MMSE) was conducted to assess general cognition. Trail Making Test (TMT) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test were administered to evaluate executive function and episodic memory, respectively. Mediation analysis and multivariate linear regression with interaction terms were performed to explore the differential impacts of RBA on cognitive function and …

Cortical surface area as a stronger mediator of the waist-to-height ratio and cognitive impairment link in patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared to body mass index and waist-hip ratio.

OBJECTIVE: The high metabolic risk and inherent brain structural changes in patients with schizophrenia are associated with cognitive impair … rain regions than FEPS after adjusting for covariates (p < 0.05). WHR significantly correlated with Verbal Learning, Working Memory, and MCCB composite scores, while WHtR was linked to Social Cognition and MCCB composite scores (p < 0.05). Bilateral CSA mediated the associations between WHR, WHtR, and MCCB scores (p < 0.05), with stronger mediation observed for W …

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Tool Into Australian Sign Language.

OBJECTIVE: The British Sign Language Cognitive Screening Test (BSL-CST) is a culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate tool for de … to-strong (rs > 0.3 to < 0.6) convergent validity with other established measures of cognition (BSL-Verbal Learning Memory Test; modified Digit Span) and excellent clinical discrimination (AUC = 1.00, 95% CI [1.00, 1.00]). A total score cut-off of < 71.50 for dementia screening is proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The Auslan-CST is the first culturally aligned cognitive sc …

Варианты фармакологического лечения когнитивной дисфункции, вызванной множественным склерозом: сетевой метаанализ.

ЦЕЛИ: Сопоставление воздействия различных видов фармакологического лечения на результаты частичных тестов и неблагоприятное воздействие на пациентов с когнитивной дисфункцией (КД), вызванной множественным склерозом (МС), посредством сетевого метаанализа. МЕТОДЫ: База данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Bibrary и Web of Science были систематически извлечены для случайных контролируемых испытаний (RCTs), в ходе которых оценивалось влияние различных видов фармакологического лечения на компакт-диски у пациентов с MS. Поиск был обновлен до октября 8, 2024. Для оценки качества приемлемых исследований ис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of various pharmacological treatments on partial test results and adverse effects in patients with cognit … iloba, L-amphetamine, modafinil, and rivastigmine. Additionally, atomoxetine may improve California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance, compared to ginkgo biloba, L-amphetamine, and memantine. In terms of adverse effects, rivastigmine was less likely to cause dyspepsia. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence, L-amphetamine may improve memory in MS-induced CD …

Measuring cognitive change in secondary progressive MS: an analysis of the ASCEND cognition substudy.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Accurate measurement of cognitive change is essential for clinical trials. METHODS: The change in cognitive scores, clinical metrics of physical disability, and neuroradiological metrics was quantified in data from a phase-3 randomized controlled trial of natalizumab in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The adults diagnosed with SPMS for ≥ 2 years and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores from 3 to 6.5 were randomized to receive natalizumab or placebo for 96 weeks. We evaluated change in Symbol Digit Modalities Tes

The presence of cognitive impairments in the acute phase of traumatic upper limb injuries: A cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive impairments and traumatic upper limb injuries of … tion) were recorded. Short-term memory and executive functions were assessed using Rey Auditory and Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT, including SIECT and SIECN), respectively. RESULTS: The study comprised 43 participants in the nerve-injury group, 30 participants in the group without nerve injury, and 104 participants in the cont …

Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE. METHOD: The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids & Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels & Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and o

Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference predicts trajectory of decline in everyday function among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive utility of proactive semantic interference (PSI) and failure to recover from proactive semantic inter … intercept and slope of time. After adjusting for age, sex, education, Hispanic background, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) immediate and delayed recall, and amyloid positivity, frPSI (β = -0.134, se=0.04, p < 0.01) remained statistically significant in predicting a steeper slope on the trajectory of decline in CDR-SOB. CONCLUSIONS: frPSI at baseline predict …

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and longitudinal cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested a link between peripheral inflammation and cognitive outcomes in the general population and indiv … using a neuropsychological battery including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and tests of verbal learning, visuospatial function, processing speed, and executive function. Mixed-effect regression models were used to analyze the association between NLR, cognitive performance, and MCI status, controlling for age, sex, education, APOE genotype, and motor s …

Nighttime safety of daridorexant: Evaluation of responsiveness to an external noise stimulus, postural stability, walking, and cognitive function.

BACKGROUND: Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder. AIMS: Investigate th … ional mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and cognitive function/memory using the Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT). RESULTS: All 36 subjects completed the study. The average AAT was approximately 60 dB across treatments, i.e., there were no differences between daridorexant and placebo. Daridorexant marginally increased body sway by approximately 22% …

Vascular Disease Is Associated With Differences in Brain Structure and Lower Cognitive Functioning in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Vascular disease and cognitive impairment have been increasingly documented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and both have been individually correlated with changes in brain structure. This study aimed to determine if both macro- and microstructural brain changes are prevalent in IBD and whether alterations in brain structure mediate the relationship between vascular disease and cognitive functioning. METHODS: Eighty-four IBD participants underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric and mean diffusivity measures of the thalamus, hippocampus, normal-appearing whi

Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling disease of the central nervous system. People living with MS often have co-existing sleep d … ns were conducted using the tests including Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT). Assessing the quality of studies showed no significant bias in most of the included articles. A link between sleep condition and cognitive abilities was sugg …

An open pilot of GROW, a responsive parenting intervention for young children with brain injuries: preliminary efficacy.

PURPOSE: Families experience stress and burden following their child's traumatic brain injury (TBI). Parenting styles are related to parent stress and child behavior problems and executive dysfunction. Parent-child interactions are shown to be a promising intervention target. We aimed to examine the preliminary efficacy of Gaining Real life skills Over the Web (GROW) in improving responsive parenting and reducing parent stress and depression in parents of children ages 0-4 who experienced TBI. METHOD: Participants (n = 11) were parents of children four years old or younger, at the time of enr

Brain functional specialization and cooperation in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric cooperation are two vital features of the human brain. Their dysfunction may be ass … rginally positively related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in patients and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test score. Moreover, taking abnormal AI and CFH values as features, support vector machine-based classification achieved good accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve by leave-one-out cross-validation. CONCLUSION: This study su …