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Risk Assessment of Importation and Local Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Statistical Modeling Approach.

BACKGROUND: Despite recent achievements in vaccines, antiviral drugs, and medical infrastructure, the emergence of COVID-19 has posed a seri … mate R0 and Rt. Our results indicated that the prompt implementation of airport screening measures (contact tracing with case isolation and quarantine) successfully reduced local transmission caused by imported cases despite passengers arriving from high-risk countries throughout the year. Moreover, various mitigation interventions, including social distancing an …

Linkage of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiological, and Clinical Data to Understand the Genetic Diversity and Clinical Outcomes of Shigella flexneri among Men Who Have Sex with Men in England.

The public health value of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for Shigella spp. in England has been limited by a lack of information on sexual id … . flexneri. Combined WGS, epidemiological and clinical data provide unique insights that can inform contact tracing, clinical management and the delivery of targeted prevention activities. Future studies should investigate why MSM experience more severe clinical outcomes. IMPORTANCE Within the last 2 decades there have been an increasing number of Shigella spp. o …

Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities for people with epilepsy.

In this cohort study, we aim to compare outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people with severe epilepsy and other co-morbid … eventative and infection control measures, early identification and isolation of symptomatic cases, contact tracing, mass surveillance of asymptomatic cases and contacts. We measured infection rate among vulnerable people living in the facilities and their caregivers, with asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, including fatality rate. We report 38 individuals (17 r …

Childhood tuberculosis in Vienna between 2010 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) has become a rare disease in developed countries. Austria is a low incidence country for TB with an incidence … ng measures. Thorough history taking in all patients with TB is essential to maximize the effect of contact tracing. Overall, infection rates remained consistently low during the observation period.

Whole-genome sequencing to determine transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: New approaches are urgently required to address increasing rates of gonorrhoea and the emergence and global spread of antibiotic … fixime susceptibility. INTERPRETATION: We present a whole-genome-sequencing-based tool for genomic contact tracing of N gonorrhoeae and demonstrate local, national, and international transmission. Whole-genome sequencing can be applied across geographical boundaries to investigate gonorrhoea transmission and to track antimicrobial resistance. FUNDING: Oxford Na …

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infections in Jamaican children.

BACKGROUND: There has been a worldwide increased prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in recent years, with a similar trend observed in Jamaica a … duce mother-to-child-transmission of HIV/AIDS and to strengthen the public health management of TB (contact tracing and completion of TB therapy by directly observed therapy) to eliminate the spread

Стандартизированная система управления чрезвычайными ситуациями и реагирование на чрезвычайные ситуации с оспой.

Вирус оспы является высокоприоритетным агентом категории А, который создает глобальный риск для безопасности терроризма, поскольку он: 1) легко может распространяться и передаваться от человека к человеку; 2) приводит к высоким уровням смертности и может иметь серьезные последствия для здоровья населения; 3) может вызвать панику и социальные потрясения; и 4) требует принятия специальных мер для обеспечения готовности к охране здоровья населения. В знак признания этого риска департамент здравоохранения графства Лос-Анджелес (ЛАК-ДМС) разработал план обеспечения готовности к оспе, реагирования н

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The smallpox virus is a high-priority, Category-A agent that poses a global, terrorism security risk because it: (1) easily can be dissemina … on, adverse events monitoring and assessment, management of confirmed and suspected smallpox cases, contact tracing, active surveillance teams and enhanced hospital-based surveillance, and decontamination. Planning/intelligence functions include developing the incident action plan, epidemiological investigation and analysis of smallpox cases, and epidemiological …

[The campaign against sexually transmissible diseases and endemic treponematoses].

From the moment WHO was established in 1948, the control of venereal diseases was felt to deserve highest priority, together with activities … ased on information and education for health, screening for STDs, diagnosis and treatment of cases, contact tracing, and the training of health personnel. By the end of the 1970s, the bacterial, but not the viral STDs, had been contained in the industrialized countries. In many of the developing countries, STDs remained a priority public health problem, above all …

Long-term serial passaging of SARS-CoV-2 reveals signatures of convergent evolution.

Understanding viral evolutionary dynamics is crucial to pandemic responses, prediction of virus adaptation over time, and virus surveillance … e effects of coronavirus disease 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of outbreak cases has enabled global contact tracing efforts and the identification of mutations of concern within the virus' genome. However, complementary approaches are necessary to inform our understanding of virus evolution and clinical outcomes. Here, we charted the evolution of the virus within …

The Changing Global Epidemiology of Re-emerging Human Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Systematic Review.

Human monkeypox virus (MPVX) infection represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, resulting in a condition reminisc … or suggests high infectivity from animal excretions. Increasing awareness, strict surveillance, and contact tracing can help contain global outbreaks. The ring vaccination approach for exposed individuals is another potential disease containment strategy. Future studies should investigate measures for rapid laboratory diagnosis, maintaining lab safety, and transm …

Implementing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review.

Introduction: For the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) response, COVID-19 antigen (Ag), and antibody (Ab) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are expected to … work. Discussion/Conclusion: Despite these limitations, successful implementation models in triage, contact tracing, and surveillance have been proposed, in particular for COVID-19 Ab RDTs. Valuable experience is available from implementation of other disease-specific RDTs in sub-Saharan Africa.

[Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies in Borgosesia (Piedmont Region, Northern Italy) population: a surveillance strategy in post-lockdown period?].

BACKGROUND: to avoid a new spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the post lockdown period requires the implementation of effective strategies for the case finding and contact tracing. The presence of asymptomatic subjects in the population, that are responsible for about 30% of the new infections, may complicate this phase. Serological tests for the measurement of immune response could represent an effective tool for the rapid monitoring of the population with asymptomatic infections and for estimating the proportion of immune in a territory, too. OBJECTIVES: to describe the distribution of the…

Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The Public Health Agency of Canada reviewed sexual transmission of HIV between serodiscordant partners to support examination of … ill help to support patient and clinician decision-making, affect public health case management and contact tracing, and inform justice system responses to HIV nondisclosure.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous valproate for status epilepticus: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of valproate (VPA) in the treatment of focal and generalized epilepsies is well established. The drug has a wide spectrum of action, good tolerability, and has been available as an injectable formulation since 1993. Despite the lack of class A evidence, it has been used extensively in various forms of status epilepticus (SE). AIM: Our aim was to present a systematic review of data from randomized and non-randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous VPA for the treatment of SE. METHODS: Data sources included MEDLINE, back trac

[Childhood tuberculosis: an ancient disease in the youngest generation in the 21st century from epidemiological point of view].

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) has distinct epidemiological and clinical features. TB burden in children worldwide and in Croatia, the risk of … and it is a good indicator of the efficacy of TB control achieved in a particular community. Strict contact tracing and use of preventive chemotherapy is important to reduce TB-related suffering of children. Untreated latent TB infection in children provides the seed of the epidemic for the next generation. Evidence of an adult TB index case is a clue for diagnos …

Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian children living with a sputum smear-positive case.

SETTING AND OBJECTIVES: Young children living with infectious tuberculosis (TB) cases are at high risk of infection and disease, and screening is recommended. This is rarely conducted in resource-limited settings. Identifying children most at risk of infection may be useful for setting practical screening policies. DESIGN: Child contacts of smear-positive adult TB patients were invited for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease screening by symptoms, tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-GIT) and chest X-ray. Risk factors for infection were collected usi

The psychosocial burden of HPV: a mixed-method study of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among HPV+ women.

Despite an increased awareness and 'normalization' of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) following the release of the HPV vaccine, the psychosocial impact of an HPV infection, the most common sexually transmissible infection (STI), must not be overshadowed. This study employed in-depth interviews (N = 52) and quantitative surveys (N = 154) to assess the knowledge, emotional impact and behavioral consequences of an HPV-related diagnosis in women who had received abnormal Pap test results. Findings revealed confusion over test results and themes related to stigma, fear, self-blame, powerlessness and ang

Sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in Austria.

Infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the major cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most common cause of acute renal failure in childhood. Shiga toxins are considered to be the most important virulence factor of EHEC strains. Non-sorbitol-fermenting EHEC O157:H7 is still the most prevalent serotype isolated worldwide; however, sorbitol-fermenting (SF) EHEC O157:H- (H- indicates nonmotility) strains are increasingly reported. Thirteen SF EHEC O157:H- strains (11 of human origin, two from animals) were detected in Austria between 2002 and 2008. Among the 11 huma

HIV and sexually transmitted infection risk behaviors and beliefs among Black West Indian immigrants and US-born Blacks.

OBJECTIVES: We compared Black West Indian immigrants' and US-born Blacks' sexual and drug-use risk behaviors and their beliefs related to using condoms and informing partners of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to identify possible differences in risk. METHODS: We drew data from the baseline assessment of a clinic-based intervention designed to increase partner STI notification. RESULTS: Black West Indian men were less likely than were US-born Black men to report nonregular partners. There were no differences in condom use. US-born Black women were more likely than were Black West Indi

The potential role of custody facilities in controlling sexually transmitted diseases.

BACKGROUND: The National Commission on Correctional Health Care recommends that medical screening, including tests for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases, be performed by the 14th day after initial booking procedures. Because the average length of stay in detention is usually less than 14 days, most detainees are not screened or treated for asymptomatic communicable diseases. METHODS: In order to determine the incidence and prevalence of syphilis among those booked through a large county jail, a rapid screening procedure to test newly incarcerated inmates and treat those infecte