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Low- and no-calorie sweeteners and beverages and their associated health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

BackgroundLong-term health effects of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) have not been established.ObjectiveThis review aimed to evaluate the associations between different types of LNCSs and a wide range of health outcomes from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception to December 2024 for meta-analyses. LNCSs were categorized into artificial sweeteners and other non-sugar sweeteners (NSSs), including non-nutritive sweeteners and sugar alcohols, along with their correspo

Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

When Cancer Clots: An Extensive Radiologic Analysis of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancy, yet its imaging manifestations extend far beyond the conventional diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This comprehensive review examines the full spectrum of CAT as encountered by radiologists, from routine venous thromboembolism to unusual-site thromboses, arterial thromboembolic events, catheter-related complications, and endovascular management strategies. Patients with cancer face a four- to seven-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared with the

Synthetic nickel-containing superoxide dismutase attenuates para-phenylenediamine-induced bladder dysfunction in rats.

Para (p)-phenylenediamine and its toxic metabolites induce excess reactive oxygen species formation that results in bladder voiding dysfunction. We determined the effects of synthetic Ni-containing superoxide dismutase mimics and the role of oxidative stress in p-phenylenediamine-induced urinary bladder dysfunction. P-phenylenediamine (60 μg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered for 4 weeks to induce bladder injury in female Wistar rats. Synthetic Ni-containing superoxide dismutase mimics, WCT003 (1.5 mg/kg) and WCT006 (1.5 mg/kg), were then intraperitoneally administered for 2 weeks. Tra

AF1q inhibited T cell attachment to breast cancer cell by attenuating Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 expression.

China appears to consistently lag behind developed countries like the US, Japan, and the nations of Europe in the development of pharmaceuticals, putting China in an embarrassing situation. In fact, China is still dependent on foreign imports for most highly effective cures to major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, and neurodegenerative disease. There is no denying the fact that governmental support, and especially a signifi cant amount of fi nancial support and political assistance to include government restructuring, is needed for the establishment of new drug Research and Devel

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… Secondary outcome measures consisted of the weekly volume of intensity-specific physical activity as defined as high-intensity, (≥7 metabolic equivalents), moderate intensity (3 to 6.9 metabolic equivalents) or low intensity (<3 metabolic equivalents), based on the PAM® personal activity monitor. …

Use of active video games with or without videoconferencing on health outcomes in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: a systematic review.

PurposeAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience greater functional deficits compared to non-cancer peers or older survivors with a similar diagnosis. Physical activity (PA) is a key strategy for mitigating functional decline, and motivation and peer support are critical PA facilitators in AYA cancer survivors. Active video games (AVGs) may be a "gateway" method to promote PA. Further, integrating AVGs into group videoconferencing, a medium used by AYAs to socialize, can capitalize on peer support needed for PA motivation. Thus, we examined the use of AVGs and/or videoconfer

Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention.

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain,

Impact of an allied health prehabilitation service for haematologic patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy in a large cancer centre.

PurposeEvaluate the impact of a new multidisciplinary allied health prehabilitation service in haematologic cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (AuSCT).MethodsIn a tertiary cancer centre, 12 months of prospectively collected data was retrospectively analysed. Patients were referred to an allied health service for individualised exercise prescription, nutrition intervention and, if indicated through screening, psychological intervention. Impact and operational success were investigated using the RE-AIM framework: patient uptake of the service an

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… Responses are categorised as high/moderate (meeting PA guidelines) or low (not meeting PA guidelines) and as a continuous energy expenditure score (metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week). Higher scores indicate higher PA # MET , metabolic equivalent of task. …

European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Guidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis.IntroductionThe International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2013. This manuscript updates these in a European setting.MethodsSystematic reviews were updated.ResultsThe following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture

Повышенный окисительный стресс у пациентов со смешанным множественным склерозом и мигренью: перекрестное исследование.

One В настоящее время все большее внимание уделяется вопросу о связи между множественным склерозом (МС) и мигренью, которые, как предполагается, часто сосуществуют с молодыми пациентами. Это первое исследование, в котором анализируются уровни множественных маркеров окислительного стресса у социально-демографически схожих групп пациентов с мигренью, MS и MS и мигренью. В Неврологическом факультете Университета Жешева было проведено одно перекрестное исследование. Исследование включало в себя 110 участников, включая 26 - здоровый контроль, 24 подопытные с мигренями, 30 с MS, и 30 И с MS, и с миг

Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: dangerous liaisons.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) globally affects 18-20 % of adults over the age of 65 years. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent and dangerous complications of DM2, affecting about one-third of the patients with DM2. In addition to the pancreas, adipocytes, liver, and intestines, the kidneys also play an important role in glycemic control, particularly due to renal contribution to gluconeogenesis and tubular reabsorption of glucose.MethodsIn this review article, based on a report of discussions from an interdisciplinary group of experts in the areas of endocrinolo

Exploring the health benefits of outdoor exercise for cancer survivors: a systematic review of more than 700 individuals.

BackgroundCancer's rising incidence and growing survivor population underscore the need for strategies to enhance health and quality of life. Outdoor physical activity (PA) settings may provide unique benefits, yet evidence in this context is scarce. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of outdoor PA and exercise interventions on the health and well-being of cancer survivors.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases from their inception until April 23, 2024. Studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs involvin

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… Table 1 Main characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review CG control group, CRF cardiorespiratory fitness, EG exercise group, HRmax maximum heart rate, ISA integrated supportive activity with foam balls, MET metabolic equivalent of task, N/A not applied, PA physical activity, RCT … Maximum heart rate (HRmax) or metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) were the outcome variables. Intensity was not reported in two studies [ 27 , 31 ]. The t imes of sessions ranged from 30 min to 2 h per day for eight of the total studies. …

Best Practice for the Administration of Daratumumab in Multiple Myeloma: Australian Myeloma Nurse Expert Opinion.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are typically of an advanced age and may have significant co-existing medical conditions. They have often had multiple lines of therapy and as such experience disease-related effects alongside associated treatment toxicities. Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of MM in the relapsed/refractory setting. Clinical studies found that daratumumab showed good tolerability as a monotherapy and in combination with current standard therapies. However, the administration of daratumumab does require specific management considerations. It is

Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO).

Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications. Additionally, evidence indicates that increases in bone mineral density (BMD) are maximized when patients are treated

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in oncology: state of the art.

In the investigation of tumors with conventional magnetic resonance imaging, both quantitative characteristics, such as size, edema, necrosis, and presence of metastases, and qualitative characteristics, such as contrast enhancement degree, are taken into consideration. However, changes in cell metabolism and tissue physiology which precede morphological changes cannot be detected by the conventional technique. The development of new magnetic resonance imaging techniques has enabled the functional assessment of the structures in order to obtain information on the different physiological proces

Design and rationale of FOCUS (PX-171-011): a randomized, open-label, phase 3 study of carfilzomib versus best supportive care regimen in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM).

BACKGROUND: Carfilzomib is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor with single-agent activity in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). In PX-171-003-A1, a single-arm phase 2 study of carfilzomib monotherapy in heavily pretreated patients, the overall response rate was 23.7%, 37% of patients achieved ≥ minimal response and median overall survival (OS) was 15.6 months. Based on this study, carfilzomib was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of R/R MM. Herein we describe the trial design and rationale for a phase 3 randomized study,

Burden of cancers attributable to modifiable risk factors in Malaysia.

BackgroundThis is a systematic assessment of the burden of cancers in Malaysia in 2018 using epidemiologic approach. The purpose of this study was to identify the proportion of cancers in Malaysia that were attributable to the modifiable risk factors of excess weight, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking and to estimate the number of cancer cases that could be prevented if the exposure to the modifiable risk factor was reduced.MethodsWe estimated the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of the modifiable risk factors to cancers incidences in Malaysia. The two parameters used

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… Physical inactivity was defined as having a total physical level (occupational plus recreational) of less than 600 metabolic equivalents-minutes per week. … For physical activity, exposure prevalence was calculated as deficit against the reference category in the RR source (600 metabolic equivalent [MET]-minutes per week). For body mass index, the reference category used was the normal weight (< 25 kg/m 2 ). …

Менделийская случайность выявляет белки, связанные с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями.

Протеины участвуют в многочисленных биологических функциях. Технологии высокой производительности позволили измерять тысячи белков в биобанках населения. В этом исследовании мы стремились выявить белки, связанные с болезнью Альцгеймера, болезнью Паркинсона, множественным склерозом и амиотропическим боковым склерозом, используя крупномасштабные генетические и протеомические данные. Мы провели двухвыборное исследование цисов менделий случайности, выбрав инструментальные переменные для изобилия >2700 белков, измеряемых либо Olink, либо SomaScan платформами в плазме из UK Biobank и DeCODE Health S

Anti-tumour activity of bisphosphonates in preclinical models of breast cancer.

There is increasing evidence of anti-tumour effects of bisphosphonates from pre-clinical studies, supporting a role for these drugs beyond their traditional use in treatment of cancer-induced bone disease. A range of model systems have been used to investigate the effects of different bisphosphonates on tumour growth, both in bone and at peripheral sites. Most of these studies conclude that bisphosphonates cause a reduction in tumour burden, but that early intervention and the use of high and/or repeated dosing is required. Successful eradication of cancer may only be achievable by targeting t

New Biomarkers of Ferric Management in Multiple Myeloma and Kidney Disease-Associated Anemia.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of clonal plasma cells accounting for approximately 10% of haematological malignancies. MM mainly affects older patients, more often males and is more frequently seen in African Americans. The most frequent manifestations of MM are anaemia, osteolytic bone lesions, kidney failure and hypercalcemia. The anaemia develops secondary to suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokine networks, similarly to the mechanism of anaemia of chronic disease. The concomitant presence of kidney failure, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) and MM per se, leading to anaemia