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Individual differences in foraging strategies of parasitic sabre-tooth blennies.

Originally, evolutionary game theory typically predicted that optimal behaviour in a given situation is uniform or bimodal. However, the growing evidence that animals behave more variably while individuals may differ consistently in their behaviour, has led to the development of models that predict a distribution of strategies. Here we support the importance of such models in a study on a coral reef fish host-parasite system. Parasitic blennies (Plagiotremus sp.) regularly attack other fishes to bite off scales and mucus. Individuals of some victim species react to being bitten with punishing …

Factor structure and psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, short form (IGDS-SF9).

BACKGROUND: In its most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the American Psychological Association recognized that internet gaming disorder is a psychological condition and provides nine criteria for its diagnosis, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, short form (IGDS-SF9) was developed to assess individuals. AIM: To develop and investigate the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of IGDS-SF9. METHOD: A five-stage translation and verification process produced an Arabic version of IGDS-SF9, and a study was conducted using a sample of 4

Adolescent exhibitionists: theory and therapy.

In the absence of an agreed etiology or preferred treatment for exhibitionism the author reviews his clinical experience in working with adolescent boys who have indecently exposed themselves. A retrospective analysis indicates that the implicit theories that informed clinical practice construed exhibitionism as social behaviour rather than psychological symptom and placed it in a clear development context. It is argued that adolescent exhibitionism can be viewed as a "strategic interaction" that is characteristically adolescent. Using the individual adolescent's account of his misconduct it m

Amoeba-inspired Tug-of-War algorithms for exploration-exploitation dilemma in extended Bandit Problem.

The true slime mold Physarum polycephalum, a single-celled amoeboid organism, is capable of efficiently allocating a constant amount of intracellular resource to its pseudopod-like branches that best fit the environment where dynamic light stimuli are applied. Inspired by the resource allocation process, the authors formulated a concurrent search algorithm, called the Tug-of-War (TOW) model, for maximizing the profit in the multi-armed Bandit Problem (BP). A player (gambler) of the BP should decide as quickly and accurately as possible which slot machine to invest in out of the N machines and

Psychophysiological correlates of interpersonal cooperation and aggression.

Mimicking real world situations, the Chicken Game allows scientists to examine human decision-making when the outcome is not entirely within one person's control. In this social dilemma task, two players independently choose either to safely cooperate with, or riskily aggress against, the other player, and the unique combination of their choices specifies the outcome for each. Coupling the Chicken Game with psychophysiological measures, we confirmed our two hypotheses: that an individual perceives an outcome as most negative when she chooses to cooperate and the other player violates that trus

Coordination success and interpersonal perceptions: matching versus mismatching.

Coordination is an essential part of social functioning. The authors distinguish 2 types of coordination: matching and mismatching. In matching, coordination is successful if parties choose the same action. In mismatching, coordination is successful if people choose different actions. In 3 studies, the authors investigated the downstream social consequences of tacit coordination for interpersonal perceptions. In all studies, participants repeatedly choose between 2 bets with equivalent expected values, and payoffs increased either when they choose the same bet or when they choose different bet

Exploration of physiotherapists' use of motor control strategies for the treatment of idiopathic toe walking in children: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore how motor control interventions are conceptualised during treatment of children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW) by physiotherapists in Australia and USA. DESIGN: A thematic content framework qualitative design was used to triangular the theories underpinning motor control interventions and participant responses. PARTICIPANTS: Ten paediatric physiotherapists were recruited from Australia and USA. Participation was only open to physiotherapists who provided treatment to children with ITW. RESULTS: Physiotherapists defined the motor control interventions used for child

Benefits and Pitfalls of Multimedia and Interactive Features in Technology-Enhanced Storybooks: A Meta-Analysis.

A meta-analysis was conducted on the effects of technology-enhanced stories for young children's literacy development when compared to listening to stories in more traditional settings like storybook reading. A small but significant additional benefit of technology was found for story comprehension (g+ = 0.17) and expressive vocabulary (g+ = 0.20), based on data from 2,147 children in 43 studies. When investigating the different characteristics of technology-enhanced stories, multimedia features like animated pictures, music, and sound effects were found beneficial. In contrast, interactive el

Using an eHealth Intervention to Stimulate Health Behavior for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Dutch Adults: A Study Protocol for the Brain Aging Monitor.

BACKGROUND: Internet-delivered intervention programs are an effective way of changing health behavior in an aging population. The same population has an increasing number of people with cognitive decline or cognitive impairments. Modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as physical activity, nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, and stress all influence the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to answer two questions: (1) Is the use of a self-motivated, complex eHealth intervention effective in changing multiple h

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Intervention in Preventing Gaming Disorder and Unspecified Internet Use Disorder in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Behavioral addictions were introduced as novel mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, based on evidence that human behavior itself can become addictive, similar to addiction to substances. However, previous studies on prevention of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder lacked randomization, follow-up measurements, and diagnostic interviews that assessed incidence rates; this trial was intended to fill this gap. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the PROTECT (Professioneller Umgang mit technischen Medien [Professional Use of

CO2-temperature-water nexus reshaping cherry tomato flavor: Multimodal sensing with E-nose and GC-IMS.

In this controlled greenhouse study, a multifactorial design (temperature, CO₂, irrigation) was combined with E-nose, GC-IMS, and multi-model evaluation to investigate the flavor and aroma responses of cherry tomatoes. Deficit irrigation (50% Eₚ) significantly increased total soluble solids and acidity (P < 0.001), with maximum increases of 30.0% and 128.7%, respectively. Warming shifted volatile profiles from esters and alcohols toward aldehydes, while deficit irrigation enhanced key aroma compounds. Using a game theory-based combination weighting approach, the TOPSIS, MFA, and GRA models wer…

Designing Lignin-Based Nanophotocomposites as Reactive Oxygen Species Generators for Inactivating Candida Strains.

A combination of sustainable resources and precision biotherapeutics is a game changer for affordable healthcare. A natural biopolymer, lignin, present in agri-biomass, can serve as a nanodrug carrier for targeted delivery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive tool to accomplish targeted delivery. Photosensitizers, which are frequently used macrocycles in PDT, lack sufficient hydrophilicity for biological applications. In this regard, lignin-derived nanocarriers provide a sustainable solution, imparting bioavailability to the photosensitizers. In this study, a series of metalloporphyrin

Peer pressure and thai amateur golfers' gambling on their games: the mediating effect of golf self-efficacy.

Our study hypothesizes that Thai amateur golfers gamble on their game because of peer pressure and their golf self-efficacy. To support our hypothesis, we conducted a study to examine the mediating effect of golf self-efficacy on the peer pressure-golf gambling relationship among 387 amateur golfers in Thailand. Peer pressure was operationally defined as fellow players' influence on the individual golfer to gamble; golf self-efficacy as the judgment of the golfer's skills to play golf; and golf gambling as the frequency and amounts of gambling. Regression analysis with bootstrapping was used t

Modulating activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alter corruption behavior: A transcranial direct current stimulation study.

Corruption behavior has gained worldwide concern for its great harmfulness to public society. In order to reduce corruption, researchers have carried out numerous studies on corrupt prevention. Researchers found that except for external supervision, the internal factor such as moral judgment also have an impact on corruption behavior. Previous brain imaging and stimulation studies suggested that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is critical brain area which integrates emotional and cognitive process of moral judgments. Therefore, in the current study, we applied tDCS (transcranial direct

Анализ эффективности затрат на добровольную вакцинацию против n-сероварских заболеваний с использованием методов усиления антителной зависимости: игровой подход.

Данные об эпидемиях свидетельствуют о том, что иммунологические многосеротипные заболевания являются важным аспектом распространения инфекционных заболеваний и борьбы с ними. Эти тенденции обусловлены зависимостью от антител (АДЕ) среди серотипных заболеваний, что приводит к заражению вторичных инфекционных классов. Одним из примеров этого является геморрагическая лихорадка денге и шоковый синдром денге, который включает следующие четыре серотипа: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 и DEN-4. Подход, предусматривающий эволюционную вакцинацию, позволяет пролить свет на эту давнюю проблему в попытке оценить успе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Records of epidemics acknowledge immunological multi-serotype illnesses as an important aspect of the occurrence and control of contagious d … his study establishes a new mathematical epidemiological model that is dovetailed with evolutionary game theory, an approach through which we explored two vaccine programs: primary and secondary. Our findings illuminate that the 'cost-efficiency' effect for vaccination decision exhibits an impact on controlling n-serovar infectious diseases and should be desi …

Neural correlates of affective empathy and reinforcement learning in boys with conduct problems: fMRI evidence from a gambling task.

BACKGROUND: Conduct problems (CP) comprise abnormal behaviors associated with aberrant aspects of affective empathy as well as learning. However, behavioral measures for affective empathy are challenging, and previous results concerning learning in patients with CP are inconsistent. METHODS: Nineteen boys with CP and 24 typically developing (TD) boys aged 11-17 years (M=14.34, SD=1.93) participated in the study. An ultimatum-game was applied in order to elicit the feeling of like or dislike towards the opponent for a subsequent gambling task, which was played by the opponents (OTHER-condition

Analyzing the impact of gender-specific vaccination strategies and behavioral dynamics on HPV transmission.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major public health concern due to its strong association with cervical cancer and other malignancies. This … al representations illustrate how vaccination policies shape health outcomes, applying evolutionary game theory within epidemic models. The model incorporates multiple behavioral and economic factors, including vaccination costs, adherence to vaccination strategies, infection risk, probability of cancer progression, and healthcare expenditures. The results su …

Multidimensional Assessment of Social Cognition in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study Using a Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Serious Game.

INTRODUCTION: Social cognition is frequently impaired in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The lack of naturalistic and integrated assessments of social cognition has been highlighted. We investigated REALSoCog's feasibility, a new non-immersive virtual reality serious game, in severe TBI. Additionally, we explored the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: Ten severe TBI patients completed the REALSoCog task and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. They were compared with 27 matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Reduced emotional empathy and difficulties in affective theory of mind wer

Ethnography and ethnohistory support the efficiency of hunting through endurance running in humans.

Humans have two features rare in mammals: our locomotor muscles are dominated by fatigue-resistant fibres and we effectively dissipate through sweating the metabolic heat generated through prolonged, elevated activity. A promising evolutionary explanation of these features is the endurance pursuit (EP) hypothesis, which argues that both traits evolved to facilitate running down game by persistence. However, this hypothesis has faced two challenges: running is energetically costly and accounts of EPs among late twentieth century foragers are rare. While both observations appear to suggest that

Borderline Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Adolescents: The Role of Implicit Theories.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is associated with emotion dysregulation. The emotion regulation strategies people adopt may depend on one's belief about emotion as either fixed or changeable (termed "implicit theory"). We test this experimentally by modifying beliefs about emotions using virtual reality (VR). A sample of 29 adolescents (ages 14-17 years) were recruited from two adolescent inpatient units for an uncontrolled pilot trial of a new brief intervention. We measured BPD traits, beliefs about emotion, treatment preference, cognitive reappraisal and rumination, before the VR gam