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Immunotherapies in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, with both genetic and environmental risk factors. While traditionally, a relapsing and progressive disease course has been distinguished, it has increasingly become evident that elements of progression are the dominant factor for accumulating MS-related neurologic disability across all clinical courses and can be detected throughout the full disease trajectory in patients with MS. Therefore, defining the dominant pathophysiologic processes driving progression has become indispensable. Pathologic hallmarks of progre…

Occupational therapy for multiple sclerosis.

RATIONALE: Occupational therapy (OT) enables individuals to engage in meaningful daily activities and is considered a valuable component of care for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the specific impact of OT on MS remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of occupational therapy interventions for improving daily functioning, participation and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched seven electronic bibliographic databases until November 2024. We also searched grey literature and trial registers. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We…

Большие данные в мультиплексной склерозе.

ЦЕЛЬ РЕВИЕВА: Настоящий обзор суммирует ключевые достижения в болезни Майера-Штерна (МС) в результате использования больших данных из различных источников и продвинутых аналитических методов. НОВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Реальный эмпирический доказательственный материал (RWE), полученный из больших данных по МС, значительно улучшил стратегии лечения, перedefinirовал понятие прогрессирования болезни, уточнил прогнозные модели и способствовал персонализированной медицине. RWE подчеркнул долгосрочные преимущества раннего интенсивного лечения по сравнению с стратегией увеличения дозировки, неблагоприятный р

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent key advancements in multiple sclerosis (MS) achieved through the utilization of big data from diverse sources and advanced analytical techniques. RECENT FINDINGS: Real-world evidence (RWE) derived from MS big data has significantly enhanced treatment strategies, redefined the concept of disease progression, r…

Updates in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults, is a chronic central nervous system disease characterized by immune-mediated inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. MS may be difficult to diagnose due to its protean neurological manifestations and the multitude of other neurologic conditions that can produce white matter lesions similar to MS demyelinating lesions. The wide clinical variability of the disease makes it challenging to provide an accurate prognosis in an individual with MS. OBSERVATIONS: Magnetic resonanc…

Ocrelizumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal IgG1, approved by FDA and EMA for adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The data on the efficacy and safety of Ocrelizumab for pediatric MS cases are limited. OBJECTIVE: Here, we describe pediatric relapsing-remitting MS (P-RRMS) cases who were treated with Ocrelizumab as a disease-modifying drug. METHOD: P-RRMS cases who were started Ocrelizumab below 18 years-of-age and followed-up >12 months with Ocrelizumab treatment were included. The primary end-points were annualized relapse rate (ARR) and magnetic resonanc…

Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.

Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in the nervous system with increased prevalence over the last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss and dementia. Presently, disease modifying therapies can limit the rate of relapse and potentially reduce brain volume loss in patients with MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent disease progression or the onset of cognitive disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas of inflammation, immune cell activati…

Multiple Sclerosis and related disorders.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common neuroinflammatory disorder which is associated with disabling clinical consequences. The MS disease process may involve neural centers implicated in the control of breathing, leading to ventilatory disturbances during both wakefulness and sleep. In this chapter, a brief overview of MS disease mechanisms and clinical sequelae including sleep disorders is provided. The chapter then focuses on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) which is the most prevalent respiratory control abnormality encountered in ambulatory MS patients. The diagnosis, prevalence, and …

Facial involvement in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can present with facial symptoms and signs, such as facial palsy, myokymia, and hemifacial spasm. Considering the importance of early diagnosis, treatment, and exclusion of causes other than MS, we aimed to assess the prevalence of these disorders in patients with MS. METHODS: MS patients who were referred to the Isfahan MS clinic from March 2021 to March 2022 were observed for facial presentations of the disease. A checklist of patients' baseline characteristics and disease features were then completed through patient interview and medical files. RESULTS:…

Genetic diseases mimicking multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder manifesting as gradual or progressive loss of neurological functions. Most patients present with relapsing-remitting disease courses. Extensive research over recent decades has expounded our insights into the presentations and diagnostic features of MS. Groups of genetic diseases, CADASIL and leukodystrophies, for example, have been frequently misdiagnosed with MS due to some overlapping clinical and radiological features. The delayed identification of these diseases in late adulthood can lead to severe neurological complica…

Retinal asymmetry in multiple sclerosis.

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on a combination of clinical and paraclinical tests. The potential contribution of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recognized. We tested the feasibility of OCT measures of retinal asymmetry as a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis at the community level. In this community-based study of 72 120 subjects, we examined the diagnostic potential of the inter-eye difference of inner retinal OCT data for multiple sclerosis using the UK Biobank data collected at 22 sites between 2007 and 2010. OCT reporting and quality control guidelin…

FEATURES OF PEDIATRIC MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Background. Demyelinating diseases are one of the most pressing and debatable problems in neurology. Despite the emergence of improved diagnostic criteria and new directions in therapy, multiple sclerosis is a leading cause of disability among young patients. According to epidemiological studies, about 3 million people worldwide suffer from multiple sclerosis. At the same time, from 2.7 to 10.5% of all cases of multiple sclerosis worldwide are observed in children under the age of 18, with a tendency towards an increase in the disease incidence. Purpose. To analyze the results of scientific st…

Ophthalmological aspects of multiple sclerosis

The article presents a literature review on the issue of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its ophthalmological manifestations: etiopathogenesis, possible causes of development, peculiarities of the clinical picture, including the eyes, modern diagnostic capabilities and treatment approaches. Special attention is paid to such a typical for MS ophthalmopathology as optical (retrobulbar) neuritis. The authors present their own practical cases. Key words: multiple sclerosis, diagnosis, treatment, ocular manifestations, optical (retrobulbar) neuritis.

Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite immense progress of imaging and updates in the MacDonald criteria, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis remains difficult as it must integrate history, clinical presentation, biological markers, and imaging. There is a multitude of syndromes resembling multiple sclerosis both clinically or on imaging. The goal of this review is to help clinicians orient themselves in these various diagnoses. We organized our review in two categories: inflammatory and autoimmune diseases that are close or can be confused with multiple sclerosis, and non-inflammatory syndromes t…