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Advances in Peptidomimetics for Next-Generation Therapeutics: Strategies, Modifications, and Applications.

Over the past two decades, peptide drug discovery has experienced a remarkable renaissance, with organic chemistry and biotechnology emerging as pivotal tools for developing peptidomimetics that exhibit improved stability, specificity, and bioavailability compared to conventional peptides. This review systematically examines methodologies for modifying peptide backbones to achieve targeted properties, highlighting recent advances facilitated by modern biotechnological innovations for novel molecular transformations. Additionally, the review emphasizes the practical applications of peptides and

Hypophosphatasia.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene. Reduced activity of TNAP leads to the accumulation of its substrates, mainly inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, metabolic aberrations that largely explain the musculoskeletal and systemic features of the disease. More than 400 ALPL mutations, mostly missense, are reported to date, transmitted by either autosomal dominant or recessive mode. Severe disease is rare, with incidence ranging from 1:100,000 to 1:300,000 live births

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… Increased levels of PPi in the urine is also a sensitive biomarker in affected individuals and asymptomatic heterozygotes; however, urinary PPi is not specific for HPP, since increased levels may be found in a wide spectrum of diseases, such as acromegaly, uremia, pseudogout or osteoarthritis [ 62 ]. … Elevated levels in some patients with osteoarthritis, pseudogout, acromegaly, and uremia J. Clin. Investig. 1973 52 1863 1870 10.1172/JCI107369 4352576 PMC302467 63. Schini M. Nicklin P. Eastell R. …

Selected Parameters of Bone Turnover in Neuroendocrine Tumors-A Potential Clinical Use?

BackgroundCurrently, there are no effective markers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism based on selected markers of bone turnover: OST, OPG, and IGFBP-3, in both the group of patients with NETs and the control group. Associations with selected sociodemographic, biochemical, and clinicopathological characteristics were examined. We also evaluated any potential associations between these markers and selected biochemical markers of NETs commonly used in clinical practice.MethodsThe study group included 60 patient

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… However, in acromegaly, in which treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analog (octreotide) is used, a reduction in OST via lowered IGF-1 levels was observed [ 33 ]. … Serum levels of bone Gla protein (osteocalcin, BGP) and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) in acromegaly: Effects of long-term octreotide treatment Calcif. Tissue Int. 1993 52 188 191 10.1007/BF00298716 8481830 34. Tsubochi H. Endo S. Oda Y. Dobashi Y. …

Legal access to medications: a threat to Brazil's public health system?

BackgroundIn Brazil, health is fundamental human right guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988, which created the Brazilian Universal Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). The SUS provides medications for outpatient care via policy of pharmaceutical assistance (PA) programmes. Despite the advances in PA policies which include the improvement in access to medications, there has been a significant increase in lawsuits related to health products and services. This study aimed to characterize the medication processes filed between 2010 and 2014 against the Secretary of State for Health of S

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… February 2015 Acne Gaucher disease Osteoporosis Acquired pure red cell aplasia Glaucoma Paget’s disease - osteitis deformans Acromegaly Growth hormone deficiency - hypopituitarism Parkinson’s disease Acute coronary syndromes Guillain-Barré syndrome Phenylketonuria Alzheimer’s disease Haemangioma Polycystic … February 2015 Source: Ministry of Health homepage Acne | Gaucher disease | Osteoporosis Acquired pure red cell aplasia | Glaucoma | Paget’s disease - osteitis deformans Acromegaly | Growth hormone deficiency - hypopituitarism | Parkinson’s disease Acute coronary syndromes | Guillain-Barré syndrome | …

Pituitary metastasis: a clinical overview.

The pituitary gland is an unusual site for metastatic spread and has been associated with a poor prognosis. Clinical presentation is variable but can include visual field defects, cranial nerve palsies, anterior pituitary dysfunction and/ or diabetes insipidus. Management options include surgery or radiotherapy, chemotherapy/immunotherapy or a conservative approach. The pituitary should not be overlooked as a site for metastasis in patients with known cancer and can be the first presentation of neoplastic disease in some patients. Given that patients are now living longer with cancer, clinicia

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… Hyperfunction is more unusual but there are reports of acromegaly and Cushing’s syndrome related to pituitary metastases from excessive GH and ACTH secretion respectively. SIADH is also a rare feature, estimated to occur in 1.5% of cases 19 . …

Skin manifestations associated with systemic diseases - Part II.

The skin, by reflecting internal processes, externalizes what happens inside the body in many diseases. Thus, the skin, as an organ, extrapolates its functions of protection, barrier and signals the existence of systemic diseases, expanding the importance of the dermatologist beyond the skin surface. Thus, the dermatologist investigates diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers patients to the appropriate specialty. Combined with examination by a trained eye, the skin, due to its easy access, is still the ideal place for performing biopsies, which often clarify the

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… Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly (associated cutaneous conditions are shown in Table 3 ). Table 3 Mucocutaneous manifestations of acromegaly. …

Cyclic Peptides in Modern Drug Discovery: Trends and Therapeutic Directions.

Peptide therapeutics are an important drug modality due to their high specificity, favorable safety, and expanding design potential. Among them, cyclic peptides occupy a space between small molecules and biologics, offering improved rigidity, stability, and target engagement. This report analyzes trends in cyclic peptide research using data from the CAS Content Collection over the past two decades. Results show a steady rise in academic publications and patents, reflecting growing interest across discovery and development. Notably, oral administration is gaining attention, indicating progress

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… This period witnessed approvals targeting endocrine pathologies (octreotide for acromegaly, 1988), cardiovascular emergencies (nesiritide for acute heart failure, 2001), and immune-mediated disorders (voclosporin for lupus nephritis, 2021). … Nononcology Indications In the endocrinology space, AZP-3813 demonstrates the potential of cyclic peptides as growth hormone receptor antagonists for acromegaly treatment. …

Аутоиммунные заболевания у пациентов с различными фенотипами ПХОС.

Полицистический синдром яичников (ПХОС) представляет собой общее разнородное состояние, характеризующееся репродуктивными расстройствами и значительным метаболизмом и другими сопутствующими факторами. Тем не менее взаимосвязь между аутоиммунными расстройствами и ПХОС до сих пор не прояснена. Поэтому цель настоящего исследования состоит в том, чтобы изучить спектр системных и аутоиммунных расстройств органов у большой группы пациентов, страдающих ПХОС, и изучить возможные взаимосвязи между различными фенотипами ПХОС и способностью к аутоиммунным расстройствам. МЕТОДЫ: Всего 1,249 :: женщины с П

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… Women with other diseases that could lead to PCOS symptoms were excluded as suggested per guidelines, e.g., congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, prolactinoma, and thyroid dysfunction ( 1 ). …

Guidelines for the management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

The purpose of this document, a result of the harmonisation and revision of Guidelines published separately by the SIMFER, SIOMMMS/SIR, and SIOT associations, is to provide practical indications based on specific levels of evidence and various grades of recommendations, drawn from available literature, for the management of osteoporosis and for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of fragility fractures. These indications were discussed and formally approved by the delegates of the Italian Scientific Associations involved in the project (SIE, SIGG, SIMFER, SIMG, SIMI, SIOMMMS, SIR, and SIO

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… osteoporosis Endocrine or metabolic conditions Rheumatic conditions Hyperparathyroidism Rheumatoid arthritis Hypogonadism LES Thyrotoxicosis Ankylosing spondylitis Hyperadrenocorticism Psoriatic arthritis Diabetes mellitus Scleroderma Hyperprolactinaemia Renal conditions GH deficit Chronic renal failure Acromegaly … Endocrine or metabolic conditions | Rheumatic conditions Hyperparathyroidism | Rheumatoid arthritis Hypogonadism | LES Thyrotoxicosis | Ankylosing spondylitis Hyperadrenocorticism | Psoriatic arthritis Diabetes mellitus | Scleroderma Hyperprolactinaemia | Renal conditions GH deficit | Chronic renal failure Acromegaly …

Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and future prospects.

This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or

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… Potent analogues of somatostatin (peptide hormone consisting of 14 amino acids, found in δ cells of the pancreas as well as in hypothalamic and other gastrointestinal cells) including octreotide (sandostatin) have been developed for the treatment of acromegaly, gigantism, thyrotropinoma, diarrhea and … Similarly, another long-acting analogue of somatostatin, lanreotide (somatuline), is used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome and VIPomas [ 34 ]. …

Idiopathic osteoporosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation disorder in a 27-year-old male patient: A unique case presentation.

A young male patient presents with widespread pain and varying chronic inflammatory symptoms for three years and idiopathic low bone density for more than ten years. Based on the patient's clinical history, the patient has been diagnosed with an hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and mast cell activation disorder trifecta with affiliated inflammation-induced osteoporosis.

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… familial adenomatous polyposis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Crohn’s disease, Rickets disease, osteomalacia, Paget’s disease, scurvy, Cushing’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, Polycystic kidney disease, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, hyperparathyroidism (primary and secondary), hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, and acromegaly …

Is There a Role of Cupping Therapy in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Primary Care Setting?

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a clinical syndrome, which causes significant morbidity. It is currently managed conservatively with splinting or steroidal injections. Where conservative management is unsatisfactory, surgical decompression is carried out. Because of dangerous complications of surgical procedures and increasing economical burden of CTS condition, safe, traditional, cost effective conservative adjunct option is being evaluated in this review article. Cupping therapy is an ancient but increasingly popular therapy for a variety of pathologies. Studies over the last decade have ind

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… Systemic causes are obesity, menopause, hypothyroidism, diabetes, pregnancy, systemic lupus erythematosus, renal failure, scleroderma, acromegaly, dermatomyositis, long-term haemodialysis, leukemia, multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, alcoholism, and haemophilia [ 6 ]. …

Polypharmacy and medication use in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without kidney replacement therapy compared to matched controls.

BackgroundThis study aims to examine polypharmacy (PP) prevalence in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage G4/G5 and patients with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) compared with matched controls from the general population. Furthermore, we examine risk factors for PP and describe the most commonly dispensed medications.MethodsDutch health claims data were used to identify three patient groups: CKD Stage G4/G5, dialysis and kidney transplant patients. Each patient was matched to two controls based on age, sex and socio-economic status (SES) score. We differentiated between 'all medic

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… Defined PCGs 2019 | Description 1 | Acromegaly 2 | Asthma 3 | Autoimmune disorders (based on add-on) 4 | Cancer I (based on add-on) 5 | Cancer II (based on add-on) 6 | Central nervous system disorders: multiple sclerosis 7 | Central nervous system disorders: other 8 | Chronic anticoagulant use 9 | Chronic … DDDs for acromegaly ATC code | Oral H01AX01 | 10 mg H01CB02 | 0.7 mg H01CB03 | 3 mg H01CB05 | 1.2 mg Table A2. DDDs for asthma Restriction: only if there is no ATC code for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/heavy asthma or COPD/heavy asthma (based on add-on). …

Bone Research Society 2021 Abstracts

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A practical approach to joint pain in primary care.

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… Charcot’s arthropathy), acromegaly (secondary osteoarthritis), haemochromatosis-related arthropathy; infiltrative: sarcoidosis, amyloidosis. b Examples: disseminated gonococcal infection and staphylococcal/streptococcal bacteraemias. c Examples: hepatitis B/C, HIV, parvovirus B19, influenza, COVID-19 …

Аутоиммунные заболевания 30,340 Датские женщины с полициклическим оварским синдромом (ПОС) по сравнению с 151,520 Контроль. Национальное кохартовое исследование.

ЦЕЛЬ: Автоиммунитет может быть частью патогенез полициклического яичного синдрома (ПХОС), однако перспективных исследований аутоиммунных заболеваний в группах населения не проводится. Это исследование было направлено на изучение показателей заболеваемости аутоиммунной болезнью у датских женщин с ПХОС до и после диагностики ПХОС по сравнению с мерами контроля. DESIGN: Национальное исследование на основе регистров. ПАТИЕНТЫ: Датские женщины диагностировали ПХОС (N = 30,340) и совпадающие по возрасту органы управления (N = 151,520). ОСНОВНЫЕ МЕРЫ ПО ИТОГАМ: Аутоиммунная болезнь является результат

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… We excluded women with ICD‐10 diagnoses E220 (acromegaly), E24 (Cushing′s syndrome), E25 (adrenogenital syndrome), and Q96 (Turner syndrome) from the PCOS and control cohorts. …

Common Non-Rheumatic Medical Conditions Mimicking Fibromyalgia: A Simple Framework for Differential Diagnosis.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic non-inflammatory disorder mainly characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and a constellation of other symptoms. For this reason, delineating a clear distinction between pure FM and FM-like picture attributable to other common diseases can be extremely challenging. Physicians must identify the most significant confounders in individual patients and implement an appropriate diagnostic workflow, carefully choosing a minimal (but sufficient) set of tests to be used for identifying the most plausible diseases in the specific case

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… burning, shooting, pricking, pins and needles, squeezing, or freezing pain) and/or accompanied by allodynia, hyperalgesia, paresthesia, weakness, imbalance, and/or autonomic dysfunction | Nerve conduction studies; skin biopsy (small fiber neuropathy) Obstructive sleep apnea | Obesity, heart failure, acromegaly … Major risk factors for OSA are aging, obesity (in particular BMI over 35 kg/m 2 ), heart failure, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, smoking, and craniofacial abnormalities such as retrognathia or anatomical alterations causing obstructions to airflow at the nasal level [ 77 , 79 ]. …

Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in treatable dementias.

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… Seizures (> in cases of intracranial haemorrhage) Fluctuating course Psycho-motor slowing Reduced alertness Intracranial Tumours (meningioma, astrocytoma, solitary metastasis, pituitary adenoma) | Headache Seizures Papilledema Gradually progressive focal signs Visual field defects and endocrinal changes (acromegaly …

Potential impact of the implementation of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) on the Polish pricing and reimbursement process of orphan drugs.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the potential impact of the implementation of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) on the Polish pricing and reimbursement (P&R) process with regard to orphan drugs.MethodsA four step approach was designed. Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted to select the MCDA criteria. Secondly, a database of orphan drugs was established. Thirdly, health technology appraisals (HTA recommendations) were categorized and an MCDA appraisal was conducted. Finally, a comparison of HTA and MCDA outcomes was carried out. An MCDA outcome was

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… Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) in patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency | Positive | Restricted with time limits 4 | Increlex (Mecasermin) | Insulin-like growth factor deficiency -IGFD (Laron Syndrome) – long-term treatment | Positive | Restricted with time limits 5 | Somavert (Pegvisomant) | Acromegaly …

Diabetes and obesity: the role of stress in the development of cancer.

Diabesity is a condition where an individual has both diabetes and obesity, which can lead to severe complications including cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality. Recently, cancer has become a leading cause of excess hospitalizations, and both diabetes and obesity are associated with a higher risk of developing several types of cancer. In this review, we propose that chronic stress significantly increases this association. Managing diabetes and obesity is challenging as they both cause significant distress. The relationship between stress and cancer is interconnected, with anxi

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… It is well known that patients with acromegaly present elevated IGF-1 levels, which increase the risks of colon, breast, thyroid, and prostate cancers [ 81 ]. IGFs promote tumor growth, migration, and invasion through paracrine and autocrine routes. …