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Are All Patients with Cancer at Heightened Risk for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

Cancer patients are traditionally considered at high risk for complicated respiratory viral infections, due to their underlying immunosuppression. In line with this notion, early case series reported high mortality rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with malignancy. However, subsequent large, prospective, epidemiological surveys indicate that the risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be largely attributed to the multiple confounders operating in this highly heterogeneous population of patients, rather than the cancer or

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… . | Promoting | Bacterial translocation due to chemotherapy-induced mucositis, changes in lung and/or gut microbiota due to cancer-induced dysbiosis, may result in increased rates of secondary infections. …

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with advanced hematological malignancies: comparison of fludarabine-based reduced intensity conditioning versus myeloablative conditioning.

We compared the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using reduced intensity and myeloablative conditioning for the treatment of patients with advanced hematological malignancies. A total of 75 adult patients received transplants from human leukocyte antigen-matched donors, coupled with either reduced intensity (n=40; fludarabine/melphalan, 28; fludarabine/cyclophosphamide, 12) or myeloablative conditioning (n=35, busufan/cyclophosphamide). The patients receiving reduced intensity conditioning were elderly, or exhibited contraindications for myeloablative conditioning

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… The lower incidence of infectious complications in reduced intensity transplantation has been explained as follows: i) myeloablative conditioning, which causes an extensive breakdown of mucosal barriers, might result in bacterial translocations within immunocompromised hosts ( 24 , 28 ), ii) the shorter …

Precision medicine: The use of tailored therapy in primary immunodeficiencies.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are rare, complex diseases that can be characterised by a spectrum of phenotypes, from increased susceptibility to infections to autoimmunity, allergy, auto-inflammatory diseases and predisposition to malignancy. With the introduction of genetic testing in these patients and wider use of next-Generation sequencing techniques, a higher number of pathogenic genetic variants and conditions have been identified, allowing the development of new, targeted treatments in PID. The concept of precision medicine, that aims to tailor the medical interventions to each patie

Therapy of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma.

Newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma is relatively common and can be effectively treated with several differing approaches. Although the disease is often considered incurable, it is highly responsive to therapy when indicated. This review discusses the indications for treatment, risk stratification systems, treatment options with supporting clinical trial data, and expected therapeutic outcomes in newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma.

Pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of malnutrition in hematologic malignancies: a comprehensive review.

Hematologic malignancies are frequently complicated by malnutrition, a condition that remains underrecognized yet strongly associated with impaired treatment tolerance, immune recovery, and survival. Unlike solid tumors, hematologic malignancies are characterized by diffuse marrow and immune system involvement, rendering host metabolism highly vulnerable to tumor-driven inflammation and therapy-induced immune stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that nutritional deterioration in hematologic malignancies reflects a state of integrated immunometabolic vulnerability-driven by hyperinflammation

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… Continuous enteral nutrient exposure supports intestinal epithelial integrity, limits mucosal atrophy, and preserves gut barrier function, thereby reducing bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory activation. … Formulations containing glutamine, fiber, and oligosaccharides have been shown to reduce bacterial translocation and significantly improve 100-day survival rates post-HSCT ( 114 ). …

Increased survival of cirrhotic patients with septic shock.

IntroductionThe overall outcome of septic shock has been recently improved. We sought to determine whether this survival gain extends to the high-risk subgroup of patients with cirrhosis.MethodsCirrhotic patients with septic shock admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) during two consecutive periods (1997-2004 and 2005-2010) were retrospectively studied.ResultsForty-seven and 42 cirrhotic patients presented with septic shock in 1997-2004 and 2005-2010, respectively. The recent period differed from the previous one by implementation of adjuvant treatments of septic shock including albu

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… Bacterial translocation increases with the severity of liver disease and represents the main mechanism of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. …

Involvement of Pruritus, Gut Dysbiosis and Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Paraneoplastic Syndromes.

Background/Objectives: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), characterized by a large diversity of symptoms, may sometimes be the first clinical feature of a severe underlying disorder such as cancer. Methods: We report the case of a middle-aged male patient with no significant previous medical history, a nonsmoker or alcohol heavy drinker, complaining about generalized, recently onset itch. Given no reasonable explanation of pruritus after dermatological consultation and the unsatisfactory response to treatment, the patient was referred to gastroenterology with the suspicion of a cholestatic liver

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… A decrease in mucosal protective bacteria and leaky gut may favor the bacterial translocation, resulting in trimethyl anhydride (TMA)–induced pruritus [ 24 ]. …

A study protocol for a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial on the use of encapsulated FMT for reducing the side effects of HSCT: the HSCT-BIOME study.

BackgroundThe composition of the gut microbiota both prior to and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is increasingly implicated in the outcomes of HSCT, including infections, poor immune reconstitution and disease relapse. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) offers a potential strategy of supporting the gut microbiota and improve HSCT outcomes. Although FMT has been investigated in HSCT recipients, it has largely been evaluated therapeutically for indications such as infection, or once immunocompetency is regained.MethodsPeri-HSCT FMT (i.e. before and after HSCT) will be

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… Administering FMT acutely after HSCT, when patients are more immunocompromised, has been largely avoided due to perceived risks of bacterial translocation across a damaged gut mucosa, and thus infection. …

The Emerging Role of Interleukin-32 in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Comorbidities: A Mini Review.

With the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) has significantly improved. However, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population has progressively increased. PLWH exhibit a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Consequently, CVD has become one of the leading contributors to mortality not related to AIDS. The pathogenesis may involve several factors: HIV-related proteins exacerbating endothelial injury and inflammation; immune activation and chronic inflammation;

Clinical Applications and Anticancer Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides: From Bench to Bedside.

Cancer is a multifaceted global health issue and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, medical science has achieved great advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Despite the numerous advantages of conventional cancer therapies, there are major drawbacks including severe side effects, toxicities, and drug resistance. Therefore, the urgency of developing new drugs with low cytotoxicity and treatment resistance is increasing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various cancers, targeting tu

Иммунозащитное воздействие жидкости Кангфуксина на систематическую токсичность, связанную с аутологической трансплантацией стволовых клеток в множестве миеломы.

Цель Это исследование позволило оценить эффективность жидкости Канфуксина с точки зрения аутологической токсичности трансплантации стволовых клеток у пациентов с множественной миеломой. 82 участников, разделенных на простую группу по криотерапии (контрольная группа), в состав которой входили: 43 пациентов с множественными миэломами, перенесших аутлогическую трансплантацию стволовых клеток до мая 2023, и жидкость Канфуксина + пероральная криотерапия (экспериментальная группа), включая 39 пациенты с множественными миэломами, которые после июня прошли автологическую трансплантацию стволовых клето

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… Moreover, bacterial translocation to the bloodstream may lead to bacteremia ( 28 , 29 ). These issues degrade the patient’s transplant experience, lengthen the hospitalization period, and escalate supportive care expenses ( 30 ). … This is attributable to Kangfuxin solution’s excellent protective effects on the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, which reduces mucositis and diarrhea occurrence, thereby indirectly decreasing the incidence of digestive tract dysbiosis and bacterial translocation. …

Plesiomonas shigelloides Bacteremia: A Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Implications of Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Plesiomonas shigelloides, an aquatic Gram-negative bacillus often associated with self-limiting gastroenteritis, has been reported worldwide. However, to date, no reviews have specifically investigated P. shigelloides bacteremia, which is rare and potentially fatal. This scoping review aimed to examine the existing literature to identify the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes of P. shigelloides bacteremia. A PRISMA-ScR-guided search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase identified 22 published cases, all reported as single-patient case re

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… Bacterial translocation from the gut into the bloodstream is facilitated by cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and impaired hepatic clearance, particularly following exposure through diet or freshwater [ 35 ]. …

Deciphering the Potentials of Cardamom in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: From Kitchen to Clinic.

Cardamom (cardamum) is a spice produced from the seeds of several Elettaria and Amomum plants of the Zingiberaceae family. Cardamom has been demonstrated to offer numerous benefits, including its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other metabolic (anti-diabetic) properties, and its potential to reduce cancer risk. Recently, researchers have extracted and tested multiple phytochemicals from cardamom to assess their potential effectiveness against various types of human malignancy. These studies have indicated that cardamom can help overcome drug resistance to standard chemothera

Регулирование ДИ микроцина и протеолитическое декольте являются уникальными среди известных микроцинов.

Microcin PDI подавляет разнообразие патогенных эшеричий с помощью белка-эффектора, МакпМ. В этом исследовании мы продемонстрировали, что выражение ингибиторского фенотипа вызывается при низких осмолярных условиях, а его выражение контролируется главным образом EnvZ/OmpR. two- компонентная система регулирования. Функциональные, мутагенезовые и дополняющие эксперименты были использованы для эмпирической демонстрации того, что ЭнвЗ требуется для ингибиторского фенотипа и что регулирование mcpM зависит от привязки фосфорилата OmpR к области mcpM. Фосфорилаты могут распознавать three :: различные и

Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Evidence

Head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Natural compounds, especially curcumin and its derivatives, have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways involved in tumor progression. This review critically evaluates the current preclinical and translational evidence supporting curcumin and its derivatives as monotherapeutic agents in HNC, with part

Лизат парабасероид дистазонис предотвращает серьезные формы экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, модифицируя примитивную реакцию клеток Т.

Микробиота кишечника влияет на реактивность иммунной системы, а парабактероид дистасонис появился как антивоспалительная комменза. Здесь мы изучили, может ли ли его лизат предотвратить сильные формы нейроинфламмации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE) у мышей и как эта превентивная стратегия влияет на кишечную микробиоту и иммунную реакцию. Лизат анаэробной культуры P. distasonis (Pd лизат) был в устной форме подан мышам C57BL/6 в четырех еженедельных дозах. Неделю спустя EAE был вызван, и через три недели после вводного курса была проведена оценка степени заболеваемости. Фе

The Gut Microbiota in Hematologic Malignancies: Mechanisms, Clinical Associations, and Translational Opportunities.

Hematologic malignancies arise and progress within a systemic ecosystem in which the gut microbiota is an increasingly recognized, partially modifiable component. Across acute leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, plasma cell disorders, lymphomas, and clonal myeloid neoplasms, human studies consistently report reduced microbial diversity, depletion of barrier-supportive, short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals, and enrichment of Gram-negative, pro-inflammatory, or hospital-adapted taxa. These alterations are associated with pre-leukemic clonal expansion, adverse genetic and immunologica

Porphyromonas gingivalis усугубляет экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, проводя дифференциацию TH1 с помощью сигнала ZAP70/NF-IB.

Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется хроническим воспалением и обезвоживанием в центральной нервной системе (CNS), главным образом в результате ненормальной активации периферической иммунной системы, в частности клеток TH1. Как основной патоген в периодонтрите, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) связан с повышенным риском множественных склерозных прогрессий; однако его роль в центральной нервной системе воспаления остается неясной. В этом исследовании мы стремились определить, поощряет ли P. gingivalis периферическую дифференциацию клеток TH1 по сигнальному маршруту ZAP70/NF-InB, т

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… In a study on A. muciniphila and HCC, dysbiotic animals with HCC exhibited an intrahepatic immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by intestinal barrier damage, bacterial translocation-induced monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and inhibition of CD4+T and CD8+T cells, …

Modulation of Lonp1 Activity by Small Compounds.

The Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1) is an ATP-dependent mitochondrial protease essential for maintaining proteostasis, bioenergetics, and cellular homeostasis. LONP1 plays a pivotal role in protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) regulation, particularly under stress conditions. Dysregulation of LONP1 has been implicated in various pathologies, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and reproductive diseases, positioning it as a promising pharmacological target. This review examines compounds that modulate LONP1 activity, categorizin