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Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Management: A Review from an Orthopedic Perspective.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration, both of which lead to increased risk of fracture, disability, institutionalization, and mortality. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) remains the gold standard for evaluating bone mineral density and establishing diagnostic thresholds. However, accurate interpretation requires more than the application of numerical cut-offs. Interpretation requires careful evaluation of graphical bands, artifact recognition, awareness of site discordance, and application of least significan

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

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… The effect of probiotics on immune responses and their therapeutic application: A new treatment option for multiple sclerosis . BioMed. Pharmacother. 159 , 114195 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114195 36630847 Hitch T. C. A. Hall L. J. Walsh S. K. Leventhal G. E. Slack E. de Wouters T. . ( 2022 ). …

Chronic stress: a fourth etiology in tumorigenesis?

Chronic stress, driven by persistent psychological, environmental, or physiological factors, is a prolonged heightened state of stress response that disrupts homeostasis. When unmanaged, it will lead to sustained negative emotions such as depression, loneliness, anxiety, and emotional adversity. This persistent emotional distress not only exacerbates mental health disorders but also poses significant risks to physical health. Increasing evidence suggests a strong link between chronic stress, stress-related hormones, and the rising incidence of malignancies. As a result, chronic stress might be

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… Soldan SS Lieberman PM Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis Nat Rev Microbiol 2023 21 1 51 64 35931816 10.1038/s41579-022-00770-5 PMC9362539 Soldan SS, Lieberman PM. Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. …

Regulatory insights on gene therapies, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, cell/tissue-based products, and medical care/practice in cell and gene therapies: Report from the 7th Asia partnership conference - April 25, 2024.

The 7th Asia Partnership Conference of Regenerative Medicine (APACRM) was held both in person and online on April 25, 2024, to promote the regulatory harmonization of regenerative medicine products across Asia. Recognizing domestic regulatory guidelines and their underlying rationales within each country and region is an important initial step toward achieving harmonious regulation. The 7th APACRM featured open dialogues on the non-clinical evaluations of adeno-associated virus gene therapy products, regulation of gene therapies, considerations for conducting clinical trials, and provision of

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review.

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when a

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… Multiple sclerosis (MS) is another chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. … Res. 2017;11(9):FC13. 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26034.10654 Aldhahri RS, et al. : Biochanin A Improves Memory Decline and Brain Pathology in Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Behav. …

Cognitive dysfunction associated with cellular immunotherapy for cancer.

Immunotherapies engage the individual's immune system to fight both hematologic and solid malignancies and have led to durable clinical responses for many patients. A subset of immunotherapies, including T cell engagers (TCEs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies (CAR-T), use T cell mediated mechanisms to induce cancer cell death. These therapies can be very effective against the cancer while also causing significant systemic and neurologic toxicity, including cognitive dysfunction. Here, we provide a review on the existing and emerging literature describing the acute, subacute, and

Waldenström macroglobulinemia: clinical and immunological aspects, natural history, cell of origin, and emerging mouse models.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and currently incurable neoplasm of IgM-expressing B-lymphocytes that is characterized by the occurrence of a monoclonal IgM (mIgM) paraprotein in blood serum and the infiltration of the hematopoietic bone marrow with malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. The symptoms of patients with WM can be attributed to the extent and tissue sites of tumor cell infiltration and the magnitude and immunological specificity of the paraprotein. WM presents fascinating clues on neoplastic B-cell development, including the recent discovery of a specific gain-of-function

Targeted Therapies in Adult B-Cell Malignancies.

B-lymphocytes are programmed for the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) after antigen presentation, in the context of T-lymphocyte control within lymphoid organs. During this differentiation/activation process, B-lymphocytes exhibit different restricted or common surface markers, activation of cellular pathways that regulate cell cycle, metabolism, proteasome activity, and protein synthesis. All molecules involved in these different cellular mechanisms are potent therapeutic targets. Nowadays, due to the progress of the biology, more and more targeted drugs are identified, a situation that is c

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… Atacicept: targeting B cells in multiple sclerosis Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2010 3 4 205 216 10.1177/1756285610371146 2-s2.0-77954950402 21179612 PMC3002656 49 Rossi J. F. Lu Z. Y. Jourdan M. Klein B. …

Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Hematological Malignancies: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Clinical Phenotypes, Mechanisms, and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Movement disorders associated with hematologic malignancies remain incompletely defined. This review synthesized published articles to clarify clinical patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes across hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify reports describing movement disorders associated with hematologic malignancies. Eligible reports were screened according to predefined criteria, and data were extracted on demographics, hematologic diagnosis, central nervous system (CNS) involvement

Applications of Curcumin and Its Nanoforms in the Treatment of Cancer.

Due to the diverse medicinal and pharmacokinetic properties of turmeric, it is well-known in the therapeutic, pharmaceutic, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and dietary industries. It gained importance due to its multitude of properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, cytoprotective, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Even though the natural healing effect of turmeric has been known to Indians as early as 2500 BCE, the global demand for turmeric has increased only recently. A major reason for the beneficiary activities of turmeric is the pre

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… Nanocurcumin improves regulatory T-cell frequency and function in patients with multiple sclerosis J. Neuroimmunol. 2019 327 15 21 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.007 30683426 112. Tahmasebi S. Saeed B.Q. Temirgalieva E. Yumashev A.V. El-Esawi M.A. Navashenaq J.G. Valizadeh H. Sadeghi A. Aslani S. …

Сердечная недостаточность с сохранившейся фракцией выброса: синергия между кардиологическими и экстракардиальными механизмами и эффекты новых методов лечения.

Сердечная недостаточность с консервированной фракцией выброса (HFFEF) является системным заболеванием, в котором метаболические коморбиды ожирение, тип 2 диабет (T2D) и хронические заболевания почек (CKD) сходятся, вызывая системное воспаление, эндотелиальную дисфункцию и миокардный фиброз. Микроваскулярная дисфункция представляет собой важную связь между этими коморбидами и аномалиями внутри и за пределами сердца, хотя ее причинно-следственная связь с ГФФФ по-прежнему не до конца установлена. Помимо поощрения миокардной жесткости и диастотической дисфункции, поврежденная микроваскулярная функ

Corneal Nerve Changes Observed by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Patients Receiving Oxaliplatin for Colorectal Cancer: The COCO Study.

An objective method of early identification of people at risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is needed to minimize long-term toxicity and maximize dose intensity. The aims of the study were to observe corneal nerve microstructure and corneal sensitivity changes and peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving oxaliplatin, and to determine its association with corneal parameters at different stages of treatment and assess utility as non-invasive markers to detect and monitor peripheral neuropathy. Twenty-three patients scheduled to receive oxaliplatin chemotherapy with intravenous

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… Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis. Sci. Rep. 2021;11:21688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01226-1. 34. Misra S.L., Kersten H.M., Roxburgh R.H., Danesh-Meyer H.V., McGhee C.N. Corneal nerve microstructure in Parkinson’s disease. J. Clin. …

Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy for management of Ogilvie's syndrome: a case series and literature review with an update on current guidelines (with video).

IntroductionPercutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (PEC) is a viable treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO; Ogilvie's syndrome). It should be generally considered in patients that are refractory to pharmacologic and endoscopic decompression, especially those not amenable to surgical intervention due to an increased perioperative risk. Physicians are rather unfamiliar with this approach given the limited number of reports in the literature and paucity of guideline resources, although guidelines concerning ACPO and covering the role of endos

Необычная реакция профилей белков HERV-W в множестве склерозов: потенциальные биомаркеры для развития заболеваний.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Протеины конверта syncytin-1 и fHERV-W из эндогенной ретровирусной семьи человека "W" (HERV-W) были определены в качестве потенциальных факторов риска при множественном склерозе (MS). Цель этого исследования заключается в оценке как юморальной, так и клеточной иммунной реакции на антигенные пептиды, получаемые из этих белков, в различных клинических формах и фазах МУ. МЕТОДЫ: Косвенный анализ иммуносорбента, связанного с ферментом (ELISA), использовался для измерения ответов на иммуноглобулин G (IgG) syncytin-1env 486-500 и fHERV-Wenv 486-504 Пептиды у пациентов с склерозом. Дискрими

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INTRODUCTION: The envelope proteins syncytin-1 and pHERV-W from the Human Endogenous Retroviral family 'W' (HERV-W) have been identified as potential risk factors in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to evaluate both humoral and cell-mediated immune response to antigenic peptides derived from these proteins across different clinical forms and inflamma…

A 5-year retrospective cohort study of denosumab induced medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw in osteoporosis patients.

Denosumab has been suggested as a first-line therapy for osteoporotic patients. However, a standardized protocol for the prevention of denosumab induced medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to report denosumab induced MRONJ cases, and investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of MRONJ in patients who underwent denosumab and invasive dental treatment (especially tooth extraction) between October 2016 and March 2020. Four of the 98 patients developed MRONJ before and after tooth extraction. The participants were di

Treatment of neuropathic pain in cancer survivors: a scoping review of pharmacological, exercise, and psychosocial interventions.

Background and purposeNeuropathic pain is a debilitating late effect among cancer survivors. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of pharmacological, psychological, and exercise interventions for neuropathic pain among cancer survivors and to identify further relevant research areas. Patient/material and methods: PubMed, PsychInfo, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies published from January 2004 to January 2026 and abstract and full text screening was carried out. The target population was cancer survivors who had completed primary treatment and have no active disease

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… Management of neuropathic pain and paresthesia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis . Mult Scler Relat Disord . 2025 ; 104 : 106815 . 41197398 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106815 [23] Amarelo A , Magalhães B , Araújo N , Capela Marques AF , Fernandes CS . …

Clinical Options in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Updated Review.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a potentially curable lymphoma, and modern therapy is expected to successfully cure more than 80% of the patients. Second-line salvage high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) have an established role in the management of refractory and relapsed HL, leading to long-lasting responses in approximately 50% of relapsed patients and a minority of refractory patients. Patients progressing after intensive treatments, such as auto-SCT, have a very poor outcome. Allogeneic SCT represents the only strategy with a curative potential for these pat

Mechanistic Insights into the Metabolic Pathways and Neuroprotective Potential of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids: In-Depth Analysis of Betulin, Betulinic, and Ursolic Acids.

Due to their complexity, both genotypic and phenotypic, neurodegenerative diseases are one of the main causes of death globally nowadays. Among phytochemicals of high scientific interest, based on experimental studies, pentacyclic triterpenoids (TTs), including mainly betulin, betulinic, and ursolic acid, became targets of scientific research in recent years, especially in terms of their biological activity and pharmacological potential. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their involvement in cellular signal transductions, they have been observed to act as an

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… The diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) include neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s (HD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Parkinson’s (PD), but also demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases like stroke, and infectious diseases like meningitis and encephalitis … BBB dysfunction is implicated in many neurological diseases, from stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, to multiple sclerosis, and brain infections [ 104 ]. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, which exert modulating roles on neuronal synaptic development and function. …

Transient responses and significant toxicities of anti-CD30 CAR T cells for CD30+ lymphomas: results of a phase 1 trial.

AbstractNew treatments are needed for relapsed and refractory CD30-expressing lymphomas. We developed a novel anti-CD30 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), designated 5F11-28Z. Safety and feasibility of 5F11-28Z-transduced T cells (5F11-Ts) were evaluated in a phase 1 dose escalation clinical trial. Patients with CD30-expressing lymphomas received 300 mg/m2 or 500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 30 mg/m2 of fludarabine on days -5 to -3, followed by infusion of 5F11-Ts on day 0. Twenty-one patients received 5F11-T infusions. Twenty patients had classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and 1 had anaplastic large-

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH): Optimal Management.

Hyponatremia, defined as serum sodium concentration <135 mEq/l, is the most common electrolyte balance disorder in clinical practice. Many causes are listed, but syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is certainly the most relevant, mainly in oncological and hospitalized patients. In this review, the pathophysiological and clinical aspects are described in detail. Patients' extensive medical history and structured physical and biochemical tests are considered the milestones marking the way of the SIADH management as to provide early detection and proper correction. We