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The Greenhouse effect: impacts of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, carbon dioxide (CO2), and ozone (O3) on vegetation.

There is a fast growing and an extremely serious international scientific, public and political concern regarding man's influence on the global climate. The decrease in stratospheric ozone (O3) and the consequent possible increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is a critical issue. In addition, tropospheric concentrations of 'greenhouse gases' such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are increasing. These phenomena, coupled with man's use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorocarbons (CCs), and organo-bromines (OBs) are considered to result in the modification of the earth's…

Perioperative intravenous ketamine for acute postoperative pain in adults.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate pain management after surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications and may predispose for chronic postsu … ty to study size and pain intensity. No analysis by dose was possible. There was no difference when nitrous oxide was used. We downgraded the quality of the evidence once if numbers of participants were large but small-study effects were present, or twice if numbers were small and small-study effects likely but testing not possible.Ketamine increased the time f …

2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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Methods of Topical Administration of Drugs and Biological Active Substances for Dental Implants-A Narrative Review.

Dental implants are, nowadays, established surgical devices for the restoration of lost teeth. Considered as an alternative for traditional prosthetic appliances, dental implants surpass them in reliability and patient feedback. Local drug delivery around the implants promotes osseointegration and reduces peri-implantitis. However, there are currently no methods of a multiple, precise topical administration of drugs to the implant area. Engineering coatings on the implants, drug application on carriers during implantation, or gingival pockets do not meet all requirements of dental surgeons. Th

Trials evaluating nicorandil renoprotection against contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Coronary angioplasty has a vital role in treating coronary artery disease. However, this is associated with a small risk of serious side effects, including contrast-induced nephropathy, vascular complications and arrhythmia. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious and common complication of coronary angioplasty that can lead to renal failure and major adverse cardiac and renal outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching multiple databases, including

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… Various proposed mechanisms responsible for CIN included enhanced cellular damager due to reactive oxygen species, reduced intramedullary renal blood flow due to renal vasoconstriction caused by imbalance of local vasoactive mediators such as adenosine, nitrous oxide, endothelin, prostaglandin and reactive … It is believed that the likely pathogenesis for CIN included ischemia in the outer medullary region of kidneys exacerbated by a prolonged period of renal vasoconstriction that occurs due to imbalance of local vasoactive mediators such as adenosine, nitrous oxide, prostaglandin and reactive oxygen species …

Implantation of a peritoneal dialysis catheter in patients with ESRD using local anesthesia and Remifentanil.

Study objectiveThe main objective of this study is to test the feasibility of the local anesthetic (LA) Mepivacaine 1% and sedation with Remifentanil as the primary anesthetic technique for the insertion of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter, without the need to convert to general anesthesia.MethodsWe analyzed 27 consecutive end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent the placement of a peritoneal catheter at our center between March 2015 and January 2019. The procedures were all performed by a general or vascular surgeon, and the postoperative care and follow-up were all conducted

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… Another approach also describes the laparoscopic insertion of the Tenckhoff catheter employing nitrous oxide to create a pneumoperitoneum under local anesthetic infiltration [ 18 ]. In the last decade, many non-surgical methods of PD catheter insertion have emerged. …

Theatrical fire pursuant exploratory laparotomy.

Fire in the operating theater is a rare but potentially fatal complication. We report igniting an intraperitoneal fire while preforming an exploratory laparotomy for perforated viscus. Fortunately, the patient suffered no injuries as a result.

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… The principle oxidizers found in the operating room are the oxygen enriched environment and nitrous oxide. Ignition usually occurs secondary to electrocautery, argon beam coagulators, lasers and other sources of electrical current. …

SUBJECT INDEX Volume 125 (JANUARY–JUNE, 2004)

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… oxide and oxygen for, in pediatric patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study, 315 fiberoptic; evaluating noisy breathing in children: how far down the airway should one look? … 2005 concordance between parental and children's reports of parental smoking prompts, 429 effects of a comprehensive school-based asthma program on symptoms, parent management, grades, and absenteeism, 1674 efficacy of premixed nitrous oxide and oxygen for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients …

Virtual reality and hypnosis for symptom alleviation before bone marrow procedure.

Bone marrow aspiration biopsy (BMAB) commonly causes anxiety in patients, negatively affecting their overall procedural experience. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hypnosis and virtual reality (VR) compared to standard-of-care in improving concerns of patients undergoing BMAB. In this exploratory open-label randomized-controlled trial, adult patients undergoing BMAB were randomly assigned to hypnosis, VR, or control. Interventions included a 7-minute prerecorded hypnosis session or immersive VR experience immediately prior to the procedure. Patient concerns were measured using the Measure

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… Although the REVEH trial comparing VR to nitrous oxide sedation during BMAB found no significant difference in anxiety or pain outcomes, VR was well-received, demonstrating feasibility and patient satisfaction, particularly for those contraindicated for sedation 14 . … In particular, the REVEH trial highlighted VR’s acceptability among patients undergoing BMAB, despite no significant difference compared to nitrous oxide sedation 14 . …

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Epidemiology, Etiology and Management.

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimization of autonomic function. After a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influences on the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are disrupted, leading to spastic paralysis, sympathetic blunting, and parasympathetic dominance, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious re

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… Deficiency of B12 may arise from pernicious anemia, dietary deficiency, bariatric intervention, toxic exposure to nitrous oxide, and medication use related to reduced gastric acid production [ 28 , 29 ]. … Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in a patient abusing nitrous oxide and self-medicating with cyanocobalamin. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2015;72:952–957. doi: 10.2146/ajhp140583. 30. …

Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Cancer Survivors: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.

There are nearly 17 million cancer survivors in the United States, including those who are currently receiving cancer therapy with curative intent and expected to be long-term survivors, as well as those with chronic cancers such as metastatic disease or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who will receive cancer therapy for many years. Current clinical practice guidelines focus on lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and healthy eating habits, but generally do not address management strategies for clinicians or strategies to increase adherence to medications. We discuss 3 cardiometabolic comor

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… oxide and prostaglandins, and thus increase vasodilation. 64 Aromatase inhibitors, which reduce breast cancer–related mortality in post-menopausal women with estrogen-positive breast cancer by inhibiting estrogen production have been implicated in increasing the risk of hypertension and CVD-related … The selective beta-blocker, nebivolol, has vasodilatory effects by serving as a B3 receptor agonist and releasing endothelial nitrous oxide thereby targeting BP in 2 ways: a nitric oxide (NO) pathway and beta agonist pathway. …

Recent advances in understanding and treating immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by misfolded Ig light chain deposition in vital organs of the body, resulting in proteotoxicity and organ dysfunction. Owing to its diverse clinical presentations and a tendency to mimic common medical conditions, AL amyloidosis is often diagnosed late and results in dismal outcomes. Early referral to a specialized center with expertise in management of AL amyloidosis is always recommended. The availability of sensitive biomarkers and novel therapies is reforming our approach to how we manage AL amy

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… Migrino et al ., in ex vivo experiments, demonstrated that AL-related myocardial dysfunction is a result of increased oxidative stress, leading to decreased nitrous oxide availability and apoptotic injury of cardiac endothelium 8 . …

Oral Presentations

Introduction: As robotic-guidance and minimally invasive approaches become more prevalent in spine surgery, there is a growing interest in h … ation (SCD), which is characterized by damage to the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord. Nitrous oxide is an inhaled anesthetic which irreversibly oxidizes the cobalt ion of vitamin B12, interfering with its function as a key coenzyme. Although a number of individual case reports have described the development of SCD following nitrous oxide anesthesi …

A genetic variant study of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in Chinese multiple myeloma patients.

BackgroundBortezomib results in peripheral neuropathy (PN) in approximately 50% of patients, during multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, a complication known as Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN). The drug response varies among individuals. Genetic factor may play an important role in BIPN.MethodsA next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel containing 1659 targets from 233 genes was used to identify risk variants for developing BIPN in 204 MM patients who received bortezomib therapy. mRNA expression of MTHFR and ALDH1A1 in 62 peripheral blood samples was detected by real-time quantitative

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… Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord caused by nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Neurological Sciences , 30 ( 1 ), 75–76. 10.1007/s10072-009-0013-2; 30. Ala, O. A., Akintunde, A. A., Ikem, R. T., Kolawole, B. A., Ala, O. O.et al. (2017). …

Smoking status and vascular risk factors as predictors of disability in AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD.

BACKGROUND: Smoking and vascular risk factors (VRFs) are reported to have adverse effects in multiple sclerosis but data are limited in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD). This study aimed to measure their impact on disability. METHODS: Smoking status was defined as never, past or current smokers and VRF comprised of ⩾1: hypertension, dyslipidemia, high body mass index or diabetes. Logistic regression models were fitted to predict their influence on recovery from onset attack and fi

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… Smoking-related damage to the vascular and central nervous system is attributed to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, gas-related (nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, cyanide) and hypoxic damage 23 and complement activation. 24 This might explain the difference in the effect of ‘current …

Recent Perspectives on Cardiovascular Toxicity Associated with Colorectal Cancer Drug Therapy.

Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of cancer-related therapy that has a significant influence on patient outcomes and quality of life. The use of antineoplastic drugs to treat colorectal cancers (CRCs) is associated with a number of undesirable side effects including cardiac complications. For both sexes, CRC ranks second and accounts for four out of every ten cancer deaths. According to the reports, almost 39% of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent first-line chemotherapy suffered cardiovascular impairment. Although 5-fluorouracil is still the backbone of chemotherapy reg

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… A number of anterogenic process components are inhibited by endothelial nitrous oxide (NO), for instance, regulating endothelial–leukocyte interaction, preventing platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and controlling vascular relaxation. …

Drug assessment by a Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee: from drug selection criteria to use in clinical practice.

BackgroundIn Spain, hospital medicines are assessed and selected by local Pharmacy and Therapeutics committees (PTCs). Of all the drugs assessed, cancer drugs are particularly important because of their budgetary impact and the sometimes arguable added value with respect to existing alternatives. This study analyzed the PTC drug selection process and the main objective was to evaluate the degree of compliance of prescriptions for oncology drugs with their criteria for use.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study (May 2007 to April 2010) of PTC-assessed drugs. The variables measured

Cobalamin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and dementia.

IntroductionAlthough consensus guidelines recommend checking serum B12 in patients with dementia, clinicians are often faced with various questions: (1) Which patients should be tested? (2) What test should be ordered? (3) How are inferences made from such testing? (4) In addition to serum B12, should other tests be ordered? (5) Is B12 deficiency compatible with dementia of the Alzheimer's type? (6) What is to be expected from treatment? (7) How is B12 deficiency treated?MethodsOn January 31st, 2009, a Medline search was performed revealing 1,627 citations related to cobalamin deficiency, hype

Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Essential Medicines.

Since 1977, the World Health Organization publishes a list of essential medicines, i.e., those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population and are selected with regard to disease prevalence and public health relevance, evidence of clinical efficacy, and safety, as well as comparative costs and cost-effectiveness. The Essential Medicines List (EML) is an invaluable tool for all countries to select those medicines that have an excellent risk/benefit ratio and that are reputed to be of pivotal importance to health. In the present perspective, we describe the chemical composition

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… Table 1 Inorganic EMs inorganic active principle | WHO EML section/s arsenic trioxide | cytotoxic medicines cisplatin calcium salts | vitamins and minerals iodine sodium fluoride ferrous salt | antianemia medicines lithium carbonate | medicines used in bipolar disorders nitrous oxide | general anesthetics …

Обобщение и оценка 6-ариламинобензамидов в качестве позитронных фотографических лигандов для рецептора фингозина-1-фосфата-5.

Спингосин-1-фосфат-5 (S1P5) является одним из пяти мембранных белковых рецепторов G, которые активируются лизофосфолипидом, фосфатом-1, что приводит к регулированию многих клеточных процессов. Рецепторы S1P5 расположены на олигодендроцитах и предлагаются для оказания влияния на физиологию олигодендроцитов. Понимание модуляции S1P5 в ходе таких процессов, как ремиелионация, может иметь потенциальные возможности для демиелионизации расстройств CNS, таких, как множественный склероз (MS). В этой связи мы сообщаем об обобщении и предварительной оценке серии фторированных 6-ариламинобензамидов в кач

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… Anesthesia was induced with the use of an induction chamber with 3% isoflurane (Isoflo, APIECE) delivered in a mixture of 0.5 L min −1 of oxygen and 0.5 L min −1 nitrous oxide. … Once anesthesia was induced, the rat was transferred to the bed of the PET scanner (NanoPET/CT, Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, Budapest, Hungary) ensuring the nose was in the nose cone and anesthesia was maintained with 2–2.5% isoflurane (50/50 oxygen/nitrous oxide, 1 L min −1 ). …