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Роль Neuroptide Y в зубной касти: уравновешивание нейрогенного воспаления и модуляции боли.

ВЕЩЕСТВО: Стоматологическая целлюлоза представляет собой густонаселенную, низкосопоставимую ткань, в которой нейронное воспаление может быстро перерасти в отеку, поднимает внутрипульсовое давление, микроваскулярный компромисс и боль. В то время как пептид вещества P (SP) и кальцитонин (CGRP) являются хорошо зарекомендовавшими себя движущими силами вазодиляции целлюлозы, внутренний контррегулятивный механизм Neuroopepide Y (NPY) остается относительно недостаточно изученным.ЦЕЛИ: Критически синтезировать текущие данные по NPY в области стоматологической биологии целлюлозы с уделением особого вни

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… “Receptors for Neuropeptide Y, Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid and Dopamine Differentially Regulate Ca2+ Currents in Xenopus Melanotrope Cells via the G(i) Protein Beta/Gamma‐Subunit.” General and Comparative Endocrinology 145, no. 2: 140–147. Zukowska‐Grojec, Z. 1995. “Neuropeptide Y. …

Anticancer peptides as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment.

Cancer remains a concern after years of research in this field. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are available for cancer treatment, but they are characterized by various side effects. There are several immunological challenges that make it difficult for the immune system and conventional therapies to treat cancer. Some of these challenges include heterogeneity, resistance to medicines, and cancer relapse. Even advanced treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which revolutionized cancer treatment, have associated toxicity and resistance further n

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… Magainin Magainins were first discovered in the skin of Xenopus laevis by Michael Zasloff at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Dudley H Williams at the University of Cambridge [ 119 ]. It works mainly on the lipid matrix of the membranes. …

Exploring COX-Independent Pathways: A Novel Approach for Meloxicam and Other NSAIDs in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Treatment.

As a fundamental process of innate immunity, inflammation is associated with the pathologic process of various diseases and constitutes a prevalent risk factor for both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have indicated that several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including Meloxicam, may prevent tumorigenesis, reduce the risk of carcinogenesis, improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies, and reduce the risk of CVD, in addition to controlling the body's inflammatory imbalances. Traditionally, most NSAIDs work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, thereby b

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… Programming pluripotent precursor cells derived from Xenopus embryos to generate specific tissues and organs. Genes. 2010;1:413–426. doi: 10.3390/genes1030413. 68. Thomas D., Ali Z., Zachariah S., Sundararaj K.G.S., Van Cuyk M., Cooper J.C. …

Dysregulated TRK signalling is a therapeutic target in CYLD defective tumours.

Individuals with germline mutations in the tumour-suppressor gene CYLD are at high risk of developing disfiguring cutaneous appendageal tumours, the defining tumour being the highly organised cylindroma. Here, we analysed CYLD mutant tumour genomes by array comparative genomic hybridisation and gene expression microarray analysis. CYLD mutant tumours were characterised by an absence of copy-number aberrations apart from LOH chromosome 16q, the genomic location of the CYLD gene. Gene expression profiling of CYLD mutant tumours showed dysregulated tropomyosin kinase (TRK) signalling, with overex

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… DACT2 | 4.30 | Dapper, antagonist of beta-catenin, homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis) (DACT2), mrna. ADM2 | 4.25 | Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), mrna. SNX22 | 4.15 | Sorting nexin 22 (SNX22), mrna. …

Physiological functions and pharmacological targeting of transient receptor potential channels.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels represent an extensive and diverse protein family fulfilling salient roles as versatile cellular sensors and effectors. The pivotal role of TRP and related ion channels in sensory processes has been well documented. Over the last few years, a new concept has emerged that TRP proteins control an exceptionally broad spectrum of homeostatic physiological functions such as maintenance of body temperature, blood pressure, transmitter release from neurons, mineral and energy homeostasis, and reproduction. This notion is further supported by more than 20 he

Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions.

The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of

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… The signal is transduced to the nucleus, activating the expression of targeted genes like XPAPC (Xenopus paraxial protocadherin) via some transcription factors like ATF2 [ 298 ]. …

Decoding the epitranscriptome: a new frontier for cancer therapy and drug resistance.

As the role of RNA modification in gene expression regulation and human diseases, the "epitranscriptome" has been shown to be an important player in regulating many physiological and pathological processes. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is becoming more and more frequent, especially in the case of cancer chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, research on relationship between post-transcriptional modification and cancer including drug resistance has become a hot topic, especially the methylation of the sixth nitrogen site of RNA adenosine-m6A (N6-methyladenosine). m6A m

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… Maden BE Identification of the locations of the methyl groups in 18 S ribosomal RNA from Xenopus laevis and man J Mol Biol 1986 189 4 681 699 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90498-5 3783688 Maden BE. Identification of the locations of the methyl groups in 18 S ribosomal RNA from Xenopus laevis and man. …

Defining neuroblastoma: From origin to precision medicine.

Neuroblastoma (NB), a heterogenous pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common and deadly extracranial solid malignancy diagnosed in infants. Numerous efforts have been invested in understanding its origin and in development of novel curative targeted therapies. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of the cell of origin and the genetic alterations occurring during development that contribute to NB. We discuss current treatment regimens, present and future directions for the identification of novel therapeutic metabolic targets, differentiation

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… Glycogen synthase kinase 3 controls migration of the neural crest lineage in mouse and Xenopus. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1126. 46. Cazes A, Lopez-Delisle L, Tsarovina K, et al. …

The role of proteasomes in tumorigenesis.

Protein homeostasis is the basis of normal life activities, and the proteasome family plays an extremely important function in this process. The proteasome 20S is a concentric circle structure with two α rings and two β rings overlapped. The proteasome 20S can perform both ATP-dependent and non-ATP-dependent ubiquitination proteasome degradation by binding to various subunits (such as 19S, 11S, and 200 PA), which is performed by its active subunit β1, β2, and β5. The proteasome can degrade misfolded, excess proteins to maintain homeostasis. At the same time, it can be utilized by tumors to deg

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… The 22 S cylinder particles of Xenopus laevis . I. Biochemical and electron microscopic characterization Eur J Cell Biol 32 1 1983 143 156 6667691 33 Löwe J. Stock D. Jap B. Zwickl P. Baumeister W. Huber R. …

Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression.

Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulato

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… Requirement for Atr in phosphorylation of Chk1 and cell cycle regulation in response to DNA replication blocks and UV-damaged DNA in Xenopus egg extracts. Genes & Development. 2000;14(21):2745–2756. doi: 10.1101/gad.842500. 114. van Jaarsveld M. T. M., Deng D., Wiemer E. A. C., Zi Z. …

Vitamin C Transporters and Their Implications in Carcinogenesis.

Vitamin C is implicated in various bodily functions due to its unique properties in redox homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin C also plays a great role in restoring the activity of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDD), which are involved in active DNA demethylation (TET proteins), the demethylation of histones, and hypoxia processes. Therefore, vitamin C may be engaged in the regulation of gene expression or in a hypoxic state. Hence, vitamin C has acquired great interest for its plausible effects on cancer treatment. Since its conceptualization, the role of vitamin C in cancer t

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… Dehydroascorbic acid transport by GLUT4 in xenopus oocytes and isolated rat adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 2000;275:28246–28253. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M000988200. 58. Corpe C.P., Eck P.K., Wang J., Al-Hasani H., Levine M. …

Fanconi anemia pathway as a prospective target for cancer intervention.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by biallelic mutations in at least one of 22 FA genes. Beyond its pathological presentation of bone marrow failure and congenital abnormalities, FA is associated with chromosomal abnormality and genomic instability, and thus represents a genetic vulnerability for cancer predisposition. The cancer relevance of the FA pathway is further established with the pervasive occurrence of FA gene alterations in somatic cancers and observations of FA pathway activation-associated chemotherapy resistance. In this article we describe the role of th

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… A few natural compounds including curcumin and its derivatives have been identified as FA pathway inhibitors through cell-based [ 105 , 125 ] and Xenopus egg extract-based screening [ 126 ]. …

Biomolecular condensates as dynamic regulators of musculoskeletal homeostasis, disease, and therapeutic challenges.

Biomolecular condensates are membraneless assemblies that concentrate proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules into dynamic cellular compartments. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is one important route by which such condensates form, particularly when multivalent interactions generate liquid-like, reversible assemblies. However, not every condensate or disease-associated assembly should be explained solely by LLPS. In the musculoskeletal system, condensates have been linked to transcription, signal transduction, RNA metabolism, stress responses, tissue development, homeostasis, an

Stem Cells and Organ Transplantation: Resetting Our Biological Clocks

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… Gurdon JB Elsdale TR Fischberg M Sexually mature individuals of Xenopus laevis from the transplantation of single somatic nuclei Nature 1958 182 64 65 10.1038/182064a0 13566187 39. …

Aurora Kinase A: Integrating Insights into Cancer, Inflammation, and Infectious Diseases.

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is crucial in regulating cell division and maintaining genomic stability, making it significant in cancer biology. This review explores AURKA's structural and functional roles, emphasizing its involvement in cell cycle progression. Beyond cancer, AURKA emerges as a multifaceted player in host cell modulation, exerting influence over inflammatory responses, cell death mechanisms, and autophagy pathways. Moreover, recent research highlights its involvement in viral and bacterial infections. Numerous viruses, for their replication and assembly, modulate host cell cycle pro

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… increases kinase activity by phosphorylating Ser89. 5 The phosphorylation of AURKA on its activation loop is necessary for AURKA activation. 5 In human cancer, co-factors such as Bora, 6 Ajuba, 7 PPI-2 (protein phosphatase inhibitor-2), 8 PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1), 9 and TPX2 (target protein for Xenopus …

Versatility of 14-3-3 proteins and their roles in bone and joint-related diseases.

Bone and joint-related diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and bone tumors, pose significant health challenges due to their debilitating effects on the musculoskeletal system. 14-3-3 proteins, a family of conserved regulatory molecules, play a critical role in the pathology of these diseases. This review discusses the intricate structure and multifunctionality of 14-3-3 proteins, their regulation of signaling pathways, and their interactions with other proteins. We underscore the significance of 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chon

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… constitutive activation of the H + ATPase and the pathogenic effect Ba/F3 111 Cotylenin A / Stabilizes 14-3-3C-RAF interactions Epidermoid and rectal carcinoma 227 Fusicoccin THF EC 50 = 12.4 μmol/L Result in a 20-fold stabilization of the interaction between 14-3-3 and the potassium channel TASK3 Xenopus … the H + ATPase and the pathogenic effect | Ba/F3 | 111 | Cotylenin A | | / | Stabilizes 14-3-3C-RAF interactions | Epidermoid and rectal carcinoma | 227 | Fusicoccin THF | | EC 50 = 12.4 μmol/L | Result in a 20-fold stabilization of the interaction between 14-3-3 and the potassium channel TASK3 | Xenopus …

Research advances in peptide‒drug conjugates.

Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, link

Реконструкция петли антикодона и форма D-стима приводят к конкретному распознаванию ANN-декодирования tRNA для модификации t6A.

N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) — универсальная трансфертная модификация RNA (tRNA), необходимая для перевода. Модификация устанавливается в положение 37 ANN-декодирование tRNAs (N is A, U, G или C) путем переноса треонилкарбамойла из промежуточного пути, катализированного в бактериях комплексом ЦаБД. Несмотря на строгое требование в отношении 36-UAA-38 Последовательность в субстрате tRNS, структурная основа этой специфичности остается неясной. Мы определили крио-эм-структуры "Термотога маритима Т6А" синтазы, связанные с немодифицированной и изначально модифицированной ТRNA с модификацией

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… Structural requirements for enzymatic formation of threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t 6 A) in tRNA: an in vivo study with Xenopus laevis oocytes. RNA. 1998;4:24–37. 40. Zheng X, Su C, Duan L et al. Molecular basis of A. thaliana KEOPS complex in biosynthesizing tRNA t6A. …

Vision of Life's Code: Molecular Probe Nanoarchitectonics for Deep RNA/DNA Illumination.

Visualization of RNA and DNA provides a window of opportunity for the early detection of multiple diseases and approaches to manipulate them before any pathological processes occur. However, current imaging systems often fail to meet these demands due to the need for multiple RNA and DNA chemical probes, which increases experimental complexity, reduces awareness of false positives, and limits imaging accuracy in complex biosystems. In this work, we identify the key challenges associated with using multiple probes for RNA and DNA imaging and analyze the mechanisms and performance of existing im

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… Flow Cytometric Analysis of Xenopus Laevis and X. Tropicalis Blood Cells using Acridine Orange Sci. Rep. 2018 8 16245 10.1038/s41598-018-34631-0 30390005 PMC6214894 Armstrong J. A. Niven J. S. F. …

Амиотропический латеральный склероз и лобовое дегенерация: сходства в генетическом фоне

Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) — это разрушительное, равномерно смертоносное прогрессивное дегенеративное расстройство моторных нейронов, которое перекликается с клиническим, морфологическим и генетическим дегенерацией лобар (FTLD). Хотя известно, что многие различные мутации в различных генах вызывают амиотрофный боковой склероз, по-прежнему мало что известно о том, как они избирательно влияют на биологию моторных нейронов и сходятся ли они на общих путях, чтобы вызвать нейронное дегенерацию. Многие генные мутации содержатся в белках, которые имеют схожие функции. Их можно сгруппироват

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… Active liquid-like behavior of nucleoli determines their size and shape in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2011;108:4334–4339. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1017150108. 93. Huang S., Spector D.L. U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs are present in nuclear speckles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. …