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Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research.

Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles t

Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Potential Multimodal Agents for Targeted Therapy of HER2+ Cancers.

Recently, targeted nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in cancer treatment due to their high potential as carriers for drug delivery. In this article, we present a novel bioconjugate (DOX-AuNPs-Tmab) consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 30 nm) attached to chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) and a monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Tmab), which exhibited specific binding to HER2 receptors. The size and shape of synthesized AuNPs, as well as their surface modification, were analyzed by the TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) methods. Bi

Potential Associations between Vascular Biology and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Overview.

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic neoplasm typically found in the cervical lymph nodes. The disease is multifactorial, and in recent years, the relationships between various vascular molecules have been explored in the field of vascular biology. The connection between vascular biology and HL is intricate and the roles of several pathways remain unclear. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular relationships between vascular biology and HL. Proteins associated with various functions in vascular biology, including cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-13, and IL-21), chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL1

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges. A critical process induced by TME signaling is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility and inva

A clinical perspective on plasma cell leukemia; current status and future directions.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is an aggressive plasma cell disorder with a guarded prognosis. The diagnosis is confirmed when peripheral blood plasma cells (PCs) exceed 20% of white blood cells or 2000/μL. Emerging data demonstrates that patients with lower levels of circulating (PCs) have the same adverse prognosis, challenging the clinical disease definition, but supporting the adverse impact of circulating PCs. The cornerstone of treatment consists of combination therapy incorporating a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, steroids, and/or anthracyclines and alkylators as

FOXM1 contributes to treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with NPM1 mutations demonstrate a superior response to standard chemotherapy treatment. Our previous work has shown that these favorable outcomes are linked to the cytoplasmic relocalization and inactivation of FOXM1 driven by mutated NPM1. Here, we went on to confirm the important role of FOXM1 in increased chemoresistance in AML. A multiinstitution retrospective study was conducted to link FOXM1 expression to clinical outcomes in AML. We establish nuclear FOXM1 as an independent clinical predictor of chemotherapeutic resistance in intermediate-risk AML i

Direct Intercellular Communications and Cancer: A Snapshot of the Biological Roles of Connexins in Prostate Cancer.

Tissue homeostasis is the result of a complex intercellular network controlling the behavior of every cell for the survival of the whole organism. In mammalian tissues, cells do communicate via diverse long- and short-range communication mechanisms. While long-range communication involves hormones through blood circulation and neural transmission, short-range communication mechanisms include either paracrine diffusible factors or direct interactions (e.g., gap junctions, intercellular bridges and tunneling nanotubes) or a mixture of both (e.g., exosomes). Tumor growth represents an alteration

Evidence for reciprocal network interactions between injured hearts and cancer.

Heart failure (HF) and cancer are responsible for 50% of all deaths in middle-aged people. These diseases are tightly linked, which is supported by recent epidemiological studies and case control studies, demonstrating that HF patients have a higher risk to develop cancer such as lung and breast cancer. For HF patients, a one-size-fits-all clinical management strategy is not effective and patient management represents a major economical and clinical burden. Anti-cancer treatments-mediated cardiotoxicity, leading to HF have been extensively studied. However, recent studies showed that even befo

Регулирование на основе Virobiome микробиота-гут-мозговой оси сигнализирует и нейроиммунный гомеостаз.

Ось человеческого кишечника все чаще признается как сложная двунаправленная коммуникационная система, объединяющая микробные, нейронные, эндокринные и иммунные сети, формирующие неврологическое здоровье. Хотя бактериальный вклад в этот диалог получил широкую окраску, вирусный компонент кишечной экосистемы, виром, стал важным компонентом, связанным с физиологическим регулированием принимающей стороны. В этом обзоре обобщены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что бактериофаги и эукариотические вирусы могут способствовать микробному и иммунальному гомеостазу и оказывать влияние на сигнализацию вдол

Роль и диагностическая значимость Аполипопротеина D в отдельных нейродегенеративных расстройствах.

Всемирная организация здравоохранения в 2021 году назвала болезнь Альцгеймера и другие слабоумия седьмой по величине причиной смерти во всем мире. Нейродегенеративные расстройства являются прогрессивными, трудноразрешимыми и часто смертельными. Ранняя диагностика может дать пациентам возможность долго выжить с ослабленной симптоматологией из-за раннего вмешательства. Поэтому необходимы дальнейшие исследования по поиску неинвазивных биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Apopoprotein D (ApoD) — гликпротеин, содержащийся в липидном метаболизме, регулировании окислительного стресса и воспал

Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer: Radiotherapy, Local Approach and Systemic Therapy in a Guide for Clinicians.

The standard care for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is systemic therapies with imbrication of focal treatment for symptoms. Recently, thanks to implementation of radiological and metabolic exams and development of new target therapies, oligometastatic and oligoprogressive settings are even more common-paving the way to a paradigm change of focal treatments role. In fact, according to immunophenotype, radiotherapy can be considered with radical intent in these settings of patients. The aim of this literature review is to analyze available clinical data on prognosis of bone metastases from brea

More Than an Adipokine: The Complex Roles of Chemerin Signaling in Cancer.

Chemerin is widely recognized as an adipokine, with diverse biological roles in cellular differentiation and metabolism, as well as a leukocyte chemoattractant. Research investigating the role of chemerin in the obesity-cancer relationship has provided evidence both for pro- and anti-cancer effects. The tumor-promoting effects of chemerin primarily involve direct effects on migration, invasion, and metastasis as well as growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Chemerin can also promote tumor growth via the recruitment of tumor-supporting mesenchymal stromal cells and stimulation of angiogenes

Влияние лечения рака на оральные структуры и лицо черепа - последствия для протезирования и онкологического риска.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Настоящее исследование направлено на выявление осложнений и трудностей при проведении остеоинтеграции имплантатов в онкологических пациентах, учитывая влияние лечения на микроархитектуру краниофасциальной области, микробиомо рта и воспаление полости рта. НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ: Хирургическая резекция, радиотерапия, химиотерапия и таргетная терапия значительно влияют на состояние костей, слизистых оболочек и мягких тканей, а также на возможности и ограничения протезирования. Химиотерапия значительно влияет на метаболизм кальция и фосфора. Было замечено, что существует увеличенный риск перел

Drug Conjugated and Bispecific Antibodies for Multiple Myeloma: Improving Immunotherapies off the Shelf.

The impressive improvement of overall survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the last years has been mostly related to the availability of new classes of drugs with different mechanisms of action, including proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulating agents (IMiDs), and monoclonal antibodies. However, even with this increased potence of fire, MM still remains an incurable condition, due to clonal selection and evolution of neoplastic clone. This concept underlines the importance of immunotherapy as one of the most relevant tools to try to eradicate the disease. In line with this concep

Advancing CRISPR genome editing into gene therapy clinical trials: progress and future prospects.

Genome editing has recently evolved from a theoretical concept to a powerful and versatile set of tools. The discovery and implementation of CRISPR-Cas9 technology have propelled the field further into a new era. This RNA-guided system allows for specific modification of target genes, offering high accuracy and efficiency. Encouraging results are being announced in clinical trials employed in conditions like sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDT). The path finally led the way to the recent FDA approval of the first gene therapy drug utilising the CRISPR/Cas

Effects of exercise training on circulating levels of Dickkpof-1 and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 in breast cancer survivors: A pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundWingless and integration site growth factor (Wnt) signaling is a tumorigenesis-related signaling pathway. Dickkpof-1 (DKK1) and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) are endogenous negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that higher serum levels of DKK1 are correlated with poor prognosis of various types of cancer. Here, we investigated whether exercise training causes changes in the serum levels of DKK1 and SFRP1 in patients with breast cancer.MethodsTwenty-four breast cancer survivors, after chemo- or radiotherapy, participated in this

Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy.

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, chemokines, and growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF, can promote or inhibit tumor growth, influence the tumor microenvironment, and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential, offering new strategies to modulate the immune system, inhibit tumor progression, and o

Circadian clock and cancer.

Circadian rhythms play a critical role in regulating physiological and behavioral processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone secretion, and metabolism. These rhythms are controlled by endogenous biological clocks, which are synchronized with environmental cues, primarily the light-dark cycle. Notably, disruption or reprogramming of circadian rhythms is closely associated with cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response. At the molecular level, the dysregulation of core clock genes can disturb normal cellular rhythms, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, impaired DNA repair,

The Precision Revolution in Hematologic Malignancies: A Decade of Transformative Immunotherapies and Targeted Agents.

This review describes the dramatic transformation that has occurred in the last ten years in the therapeutic landscape for hematologic malignancies, such as leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Treatment paradigms have quickly changed from depending solely on cytotoxic chemotherapy to embracing precision medicine, driven by a previously unprecedented understanding of disease biology and precise molecular changes. The development of powerful immunotherapies (such as CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies) and innovative targeted agents (like BTK inhibitors, BCL-2

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… Liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, are emerging as valuable tools for treatment monitoring and resistance detection. … Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) as an Early Outcome Predictor in Patients (Pts) with Second-Line (2L) Large B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) after Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Liso-Cel) Versus Standard of Care (SOC) Treatment (Tx) from the Phase 3, Randomized Transform Study. …

Targeting CD38 Across Autoimmune and Plasma Cell-Driven Immune-Mediated Diseases: Rationale, Clinical Evidence, and Emerging Therapeutic Landscape.

Autoimmune diseases remain a major cause of chronic morbidity despite substantial advances in targeted immunomodulatory therapies. In many autoantibody-mediated conditions, disease refractoriness and relapse are driven by long-lived plasma cells, which are largely resistant to conventional immunosuppression and upstream B cell-directed strategies. CD38, a surface molecule highly expressed on plasmablasts and plasma cells and functionally involved in immunometabolic regulation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target to overcome this limitation. Clinical interest in anti-CD38 therapy has