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Олептические рецепторы в нейронной регенерации в центральной нервной системе.

Олептические рецепторы имеют решающее значение для обнаружения запахов и играют жизненно важную роль в нашем чувстве запаха, оказывая влияние на поведение, начиная от выбора пищи и кончая эмоциональными воспоминаниями. Эти рецепторы также способствуют нашему восприятию вкуса и могут применяться в медицинской диагностике и экологическом мониторинге. Способность обонятельной системы регенерировать свои сенсорные нейроны обеспечивает уникальную модель для изучения нейронной регенерации — явления, которое в основном отсутствует в центральной нервной системе. Понимание, полученное благодаря тому, к

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… Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups, and fingerprints Mol Pharmacol 63 1256 1272 12761335 10.1124/mol.63.6.1256 Freitag J Krieger J Strotmann J Breer H 1995 Two classes of olfactory receptors in xenopus laevis Neuron 15 1383 1392 8845161 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90016-0 Frerichs O Fansa H Ziems P Keilhoff …

Exploring viral mimicry combined with epigenetics and tumor immunity: new perspectives in cancer therapy.

Viral mimicry refers to an active antiviral response triggered by the activation of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), usually manifested by the formation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and activation of the cellular interferon response, which activates the immune system and produces anti-tumor effects. Epigenetic studies have shown that epigenetic modifications (e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications, etc.) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment resistance. Particularly, alterations in DNA methylation may be closely associated with the suppression of ERVs expressio

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… sites, located in a majority of human genes Genome Res 2014 24 365 76 24347612 10.1101/gr.164749.113 PMC3941102 102 Wagner RW Smith JE Cooperman BS Nishikura K A double-stranded RNA unwinding activity introduces structural alterations by means of adenosine to inosine conversions in mammalian cells and Xenopus …

Unraveling the Potential of SGK1 in Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease, with several million cases of fractures resulting from osteoporosis worldwide each year. This phenomenon contributes to a substantial increase in direct medical expenditures and poses a considerable socioeconomic burden. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 1 (SGK1) in multiple signaling pathways that regulate bone metabolism and its significant role in the development of osteoporosis. There

HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also referred to as RHAMM or CD168, has gained recognition as a multifunctional protein that mediates the transmission of extracellular matrix-derived hyaluronan (HA) signals to intracellular pathways regulating tumor growth, migration, and mitosis. Overexpression of HMMR is observed in various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer, as well as several hematologic malignancies. This elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis, rendering it a valuable marker for survival predi

Hypomethylating Chemotherapeutic Agents as Therapy for Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Prevention of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) affect the elderly and can progress to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and chromatin modification may contribute to the initiation and progression of these malignancies. DNA hypomethylating agents such as decitabine and azacitidine are used as therapeutic treatments and have shown to promote expression of genes involved in tumor suppression, apoptosis, and immune response. Another anti-cancer drug, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, is used as a chemotherapeutic treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). Phase III clin

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… Radiolabeled azacitidine in Xenopus laevis oocyte revealed the azanucleoside to be transported by all seven human nucleoside transporters (hNTs) (hENT1, hENT2, hENT3, hENT4, hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3) with hCNT3 with the highest affinity for direct uptake of azacitidine [ 168 ]. …

Waldenström macroglobulinemia: clinical and immunological aspects, natural history, cell of origin, and emerging mouse models.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and currently incurable neoplasm of IgM-expressing B-lymphocytes that is characterized by the occurrence of a monoclonal IgM (mIgM) paraprotein in blood serum and the infiltration of the hematopoietic bone marrow with malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. The symptoms of patients with WM can be attributed to the extent and tissue sites of tumor cell infiltration and the magnitude and immunological specificity of the paraprotein. WM presents fascinating clues on neoplastic B-cell development, including the recent discovery of a specific gain-of-function

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… Model systems of this sort may take advantage of nonmammalian organisms, such as round worm ( Caenorhabditis elegans ), fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ), zebra fish ( Danio rerio ), or frog ( Xenopus laevis, tropicalis ), or of mammals, such as rat, rabbit, dog, pig, and others. …

Unlocking the potential of tumor-targeting peptides in precision oncology.

Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy, which is often plagued by poor selectivity, off-target effects, and drug resistance. Among the various targeting agents in development, peptides stand out for their unique advantages, including minimal immunogenicity, high tissue penetration, and ease of modification. Their small size, specificity, and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively. Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery, improvi

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… A novel short anionic antibacterial peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis with broad antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity against breast cancer cell . Arch Microbiol . 2016 ; 198 ( 5 ): 473 – 82 . doi: 10.1007/s00203-016-1206-8 ; 26952034 53. …

Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycati

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… TMEM79/MATTRIN Defines a Pathway for Frizzled Regulation and Is Required for Xenopus Embryogenesis. eLife 9, e56793. 10.7554/elife.56793 Choi J. H., Lee G. H., Jin S. W., Kim J. Y., Hwang Y. P., Han E. H., et al. (2021). …

Checking NEKs: Overcoming a Bottleneck in Human Diseases.

In previous years, several kinases, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), have been linked to important human diseases, although some kinase families remain neglected in terms of research, hiding their relevance to therapeutic approaches. Here, a review regarding the NEK family is presented, shedding light on important information related to NEKs and human diseases. NEKs are a large group of homologous kinases with related functions and structures that participate in several cellular processes such as th

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… Endicott et al. employed morpholino technology to produce NEK2 knockdown in Xenopus embryos, the NEK2 knockdown caused abnormally looped hearts. The authors observed that the cilia and motile cilia counts were in nek2 morphants and hNEK2 overexpressors. …

Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma.

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, being one of the deadliest cancers in the world. The current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Although the last approach is the most used, the high toxicity and the lack of efficacy in advanced stages of the disease have demanded the search for novel bioactive molecules and/or efficient drug delivery systems. The current review aims to discuss the most recent advances on the elucidation of potential targets for melanoma treatment, such as aquaporin-3 and tyrosi

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… Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science. 1992;256:385–387. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5055.385. 64. Carbrey J.M., Agre P. Discovery of the aquaporins and development of the field. In: Beitz E., editor. Aquaporins. …

Role of lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors in health and disease: novel therapeutic strategies.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an abundant bioactive phospholipid, with multiple functions both in development and in pathological conditions. Here, we review the literature about the differential signaling of LPA through its specific receptors, which makes this lipid a versatile signaling molecule. This differential signaling is important for understanding how this molecule can have such diverse effects during central nervous system development and angiogenesis; and also, how it can act as a powerful mediator of pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, an

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… E11.5, it is also expressed at the midbrain and hindbrain. 85 Lpar5 was strongly expressed at E8.5 in the rostral midbrain, forebrain and margins of the neural folds, and exhibited a diffuse expression in the developing brain including the choroid plexus. 85 Lpar6 was observed in the neural plate of Xenopus …

Ribosome Biogenesis and Function in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapy.

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly coordinated, multi-step process that assembles the ribosomal machinery responsible for translating mRNAs into proteins. It begins with the rate-limiting step of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription of the 47S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes within a specialised nucleolar region in the nucleus, followed by rRNA processing, modification, and assembly with ribosomal proteins and the 5S rRNA produced by Pol III. The ribosomal subunits are then exported to the cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes. This process is tightly regulated by the PI3K/RAS/MYC oncogenic network

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… Structure, function and regulation of Transcription Factor IIIA: From Xenopus to Arabidopsis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013 1829 274 282 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.10.013 23142779 37. Hannan K.M. Soo P. Wong M.S. Lee J.K. Hein N. Poh P. Wysoke K.D. Williams T.D. Montellese C. Smith L.K. …

Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics.

The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad of human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as a novel class of drugs. This has led to substantial investments in interdisciplinary research fields such as biology, chemistry, and medical science for the development of miRNA-based therapies. Furthermore, the recent global success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines against the COVID-19 pandemic has further revitalized interest in RNA-based immunotherapies, including miRNA-based approaches to cancer treatment. Cons

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… Expression of microRNAs during embryonic development of Xenopus tropicalis Gene Expr. Patterns 2008 8 452 456 10.1016/j.gep.2008.03.002 18440877 PMC2546408 17. Li Y. Kowdley K.V. MicroRNAs in Common Human Diseases Genom. Proteom. …

Advancing CRISPR genome editing into gene therapy clinical trials: progress and future prospects.

Genome editing has recently evolved from a theoretical concept to a powerful and versatile set of tools. The discovery and implementation of CRISPR-Cas9 technology have propelled the field further into a new era. This RNA-guided system allows for specific modification of target genes, offering high accuracy and efficiency. Encouraging results are being announced in clinical trials employed in conditions like sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDT). The path finally led the way to the recent FDA approval of the first gene therapy drug utilising the CRISPR/Cas

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… The first widespread use of programmable nucleases involved ZFNs, derived from Xenopus laevis , the African clawed frog (Ref 7 ). …

Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care?

Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer mana

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… The Axis-Inducing Activity, Stability, and Subcellular Distribution of Beta-Catenin Is Regulated in Xenopus Embryos by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Genes Dev. 1996 10 1443 1454 10.1101/gad.10.12.1443 8666229 12. Brunner E. Peter O. Schweizer L. Basler K. …

Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies.

Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted t

Oxidized Lipids in Persistent Pain States.

Chemotherapy, nerve injuries, or diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause pathophysiological processes of persistent and neuropathic pain. Thereby, the activation threshold of ion channels is reduced in peripheral sensory neurons to normally noxious stimuli like heat, cold, acid, or mechanical due to sensitization processes. This leads to enhanced neuronal activity, which can result in mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and may initiate persistent and neuropathic pain. The treatment options for persistent and neuropathic pain patients are limited; f

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… experiments, platelet aggregation, competition binding assay, selectivity profile of EET and DHET and human TP receptor and GPRs, ion channels and transporters | TP, EP2 | ( Fang et al., 1998 ; Morin et al., 2008 ; Behm et al., 2009 ) mouse mesenteric arteries, HEK-293 cells, follicular membranes of Xenopus …

Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targetin

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… While it did induce degradation of MetAP in Xenopus extracts, it was not cell permeable, and its application was limited by instability of the molecule. Subsequently, PROTACs targeting the nuclear receptors AR and ER were developed but still required microinjection to function in cells [ 308 ]. …

Резюме докладов 53rd Конференция Европейского общества генетики человека: интерактивные электронные постеры.

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Взаимодействие с Мозгом: Как нанотехнология может способствовать.

Соединение искусственных устройств с человеческим мозгом является главной целью нейротехнологий. Однако наше воображение часто ограничивается существующими парадигмами и технологиями. Со временем, наряду с имеющейся технологией, изменились предложения в отношении интерфейсов мозга и автомата. Механические рычаги и кабельные лебедки использовались для перемещения частей мозга в механическую эпоху. Сложное электронное проводка и дистанционное управление возникли в эпоху электронной связи, что в конечном счете привело к созданию компьютерных интерфейсов. Тем не менее, наши мозги настолько сложны,