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Andrographolide attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2/FSP1 pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, which causes renal dysfunction known as sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI). Ferroptosis is a form of lipid peroxidation dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species that differs from other forms of programmed cell death at the morphological and biochemical levels. Andrographolide (AG), a natural diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to have therapeutic effects in kidney disease. In this study, we investigated the novel mechanism by which AG attenuates septic acute

In vitro anti-trypanosomal effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma evansi by targeting multiple metabolic pathways.

High cytotoxicity and increasing resistance reports of existing chemotherapeutic agents against T. evansi have raised the demand for novel, potent, and high therapeutic index molecules for the treatment of surra in animals. In this regard, repurposing approach of drug discovery has provided an opportunity to explore the therapeutic potential of existing drugs against new organism. With this objective, the macrocyclic lactone representative, ivermectin, has been investigated for the efficacy against T. evansi in the axenic culture medium. To elucidate the potential target of ivermectin in T. ev

In-situ degradation of Amphotericin B in a microbial electrochemical cell containing wastewater.

Antimicrobial resistance raises serious medical implications and is primarily caused by indiscriminate usage and environmental contamination with antimicrobial agents. To prevent microbes from developing resistance against antimicrobial agents, they must be effectively degraded. This is the first study that investigates the degradation of Amphotericin B(AmB) with simultaneous wastewater treatment in a Microbial Peroxide producing cell (MPPC). Two sets of MPPCs (A and B) were used to degrade AmB oxidatively, one with H2O2 and the other with the microbial electro Fenton process in a catholyte co

Intermediates formed during natural attenuation of C9 aromatics under simulated marine conditions: Identification, transformation pathway, and toxicity to microalgae.

C9 aromatics - benzene hydrocarbon containing nine carbon atoms among - leakage accident has caused serious damage to the marine ecology near Quangang District, Fujian Province, China. The ecological restoration of the accident sea area is basically realized through natural attenuation. To determine whether the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics in the marine environment will generate highly toxic intermediates, and thus cause more serious harm to marine ecology, the intermediates of C9 aromatics (n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, 3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,2,3-trimeth

Identification and validation of a commercial cryopreservation medium for the practical preservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria.

BACKGROUND: Dirofilaria immitis is a parasitic nematode transmitted by mosquitoes and the cause of heartworm disease in dogs and dirofilariasis in humans and other mammals. The parasite is endemic worldwide. Vector stage research requires a reliable supply of D. immitis microfilariae (mf). It is believed that cryopreserved mf would retain viability and provide a powerful tool for vector stage research. However, reports on cryopreservation of D. immitis mf are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to validate commercial cryopreservation media to establish a practical, convenient and reproducible

The transcription factor NHR-8: A new target to increase ivermectin efficacy in nematodes.

Resistance to the anthelmintic macrocyclic lactone ivermectin (IVM) has a great impact on the control of parasitic nematodes. The mechanisms by which nematodes adapt to IVM remain to be deciphered. We have identified NHR-8, a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the xenobiotic response in Caenorhabditis elegans, as a new regulator of tolerance to IVM. Loss-of-function nhr-8(ok186) C. elegans mutants subjected to larval development assays and electropharyngeogram measurements, displayed hypersensitivity to IVM, and silencing of nhr-8 in IVM-resistant worms increased IVM efficacy. In addition, c

Design, synthesis, modeling studies and biological evaluation of thiazolidine derivatives containing pyrazole core as potential anti-diabetic PPAR-γ agonists and anti-inflammatory COX-2 selective inhibitors.

Nowadays, diabetes and its associated inflammatory complications are important public health problems worldwide. Market limitations of drugs with dual actions as anti-inflammatory (AI) and anti-diabetic have been led to a temptation for focusing on the discovery and development of new compounds with potential AI and anti-diabetic activities. Herein, we synthesized two new series containing pyrazole ring with vicinal diaryl rings as selective COX-2 moiety and thiazolidindione (series 12a-f) or thiazolidinone (series 13a-f) as anti-diabetic moiety and the two moieties were linked together with m

Heat pretreatment of canine samples to evaluate efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and doxycycline in heartworm treatment.

BACKGROUND: Considering the recent information on the increase of Dirofilaria immitis antigen detection by rapid assays in canine blood samples after heat treatment, the proposal that immune complexes block D. immitis antigen detection and that macrocyclic lactone + doxycycline (alternative protocol) might lead to increased production of those immune complexes, resulting in the erroneous diagnosis of adult worm elimination, and that there is no recommended adulticide marketed in Brazil, a study was performed to evaluate the interference of moxidectin + doxycycline (moxi-doxy) on diagnostic pro

Paraoxonases-1, -2 and -3: What are their functions?

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an esterase/lactonase primarily associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was the first member of this family of enzymes to be characterized. Its name was derived from its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, the toxic metabolite of the insecticide parathion. Related enzymes PON2 and PON3 were named from their evolutionary relationship with PON1. Mice with each PON gene knocked out were generated at UCLA and have been key for elucidating their roles in organophosphorus (OP) metabolism, cardiovascular disease, innate immunity, obesity, and cancer. PON1 status, deter

Therapeutic effect of 0.1% Tacrolimus Eye Ointment in Allergic Ocular Diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Allergic Ocular Diseases (AODs) like Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) are chronic forms of ocular allergy that can cause severe visual complications. Pathogenesis of AODs is uncertain and treatment has been a challenge for ophthalmologists. Tacrolimus, a 23-member cyclic macrolide lactone derived from [streptomyces tsukubaensis] now in ointment form has been successfully used in AODs. AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of 0.1% Tacrolimus eye ointment in patients with Allergic Ocular Diseases (AODs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospectiv

Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study Between Raltegravir and Atorvastatin 20 mg in Healthy Volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among patients with HIV infection and contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the influence of a frequently used statin, atorvastatin, on the pharmacokinetics of the HIV-integrase inhibitor raltegravir and vice versa. METHODS: Open-label, crossover 3-period phase I trial in 24 healthy volunteers. Subjects took raltegravir 400 mg two times a day for 7 days, atorvastatin 20 mg once a day for 7 days, and the combination of atorvastatin 20 mg once a day + raltegravir 400 mg two times a day for 7 days with 2-week wash

Effects of Artemisia annua extracts on sporulation of Eimeria oocysts.

The present study aimed to compare the effect of different Artemisia annua extracts on sporulation rate of mixed oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria tenella. Three types of A. annua extracts including petroleum ether (PE), ethanol 96° (E), and water (W) extracts were prepared. Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from the A. annua analysis of each extract was done by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Fresh fecal samples containing three Eimeria species were floated and counted, and the oocysts were transfe

A novel calcium-independent cellular PLA2 acts in insect immunity and larval growth.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the position-specific hydrolysis of fatty acids linked to the sn-2 position of phospholipids (PLs). PLA2s make up a very large superfamily, with more than known 15 groups, classified into secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), Ca(2+)-dependent cellular PLA2 (sPLA2) and Ca(2+)-independent cellular PLA2 (iPLA2). Only a few insect sPLA2s, expressed in venom glands and immune tissues, have been characterized at the molecular level. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that insects express iPLA2, using the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, our model insect. Substantial PLA2 ac

Phosphorylation of Cdc42 effector protein-4 (CEP4) by protein kinase C promotes motility of human breast cells.

Cdc42 effector protein-4 (CEP4) was recently identified by our laboratory to be a substrate of multiple PKC isoforms in non-transformed MCF-10A human breast cells. The significance of phosphorylated CEP4 to PKC-stimulated motility of MCF-10A cells was evaluated. Single site mutants at Ser residues embedded in potential PKC consensus sites (Ser(18), Ser(77), Ser(80), and Ser(86)) were individually replaced with Asp residues to simulate phosphorylation. Following expression in weakly motile MCF-10A cells, the S18D and S80D mutants each promoted increased motility, and the double mutant (S18D/S80

Computational cloning of drug target genes of a parasitic nematode, Oesophagostomum dentatum.

BACKGROUND: Gene identification and sequence determination are critical requirements for many biological, genomic, and bioinformatic studies. With the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such determinations are predominantly accomplished in silico for organisms for which the genome is known or for which there exists substantial gene sequence information. Without detailed genomic/gene information, in silico sequence determination is not straightforward, and full coding sequence determination typically involves time- and labor-intensive PCR-based amplification and cloning me

Anthelmintic efficacy against cyathostomins in horses in Southern England.

Cyathostomins are considered to be the most important group of helminths to affect equids due to their high prevalence, potential pathogenicity and ability to develop anthelmintic resistance. Their control relies almost exclusively on frequent anthelmintic use. Currently, fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel embonate (PYR), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) are licensed for use in horses in the UK. With no new anthelmintics likely to be licensed in the near future, it is essential that investigations into the efficacy of current anthelmintics in different locations are performed to help inform con

First report of anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus in alpacas in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Parasitic nematodes can cause substantial clinical and subclinical problems in alpacas and anthelmintics are regularly used to control parasitic nematodes in alpacas. Although anthelmintic resistance has been reported in ruminants worldwide, very little is known about anthelmintic resistance in alpacas. The present study was carried out to confirm a suspected case of anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus in alpacas in Australia. METHODS: Post mortem examination of an alpaca was conducted to determine the cause of its death. To confirm a suspected case of macrocyclic lact

Small compound 6-O-angeloylplenolin induces mitotic arrest and exhibits therapeutic potentials in multiple myeloma.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of cell cycle dysregulation while cell cycle modulation can be a target for MM therapy. In this study we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of a sesquiterpene lactone 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP) on MM cells.Methodology/principal findingsMM cells were exposed to 6-OAP and cell cycle distribution were analyzed. The role for cyclin B1 to play in 6-OAP-caused mitotic arrest was tested by specific siRNA analyses in U266 cells. MM.1S cells co-incubated with interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), or bone marrow stromal

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Centipeda minima is a medicinal herb from which three sesquiterpene lactones, 6- O -methylacrylylplenolin, 6- O -isobutyroylplenolin, and 6-OAP have been extracted. … Phytochemistry 47 631 634 9461679 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00534-7 22 Francois G Passreiter CM Woerdenbag HJ Van LM 1996 Antiplasmodial activities and cytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts and sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata. …

Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin paste formulations against naturally acquired Oxyuris equi infections in horses.

In recent years, numerous veterinary practitioners have reported anecdotal episodes in which anthelmintic treatment did not appear to deliver the expected efficacy against equine pinworms (Oxyuris equi). Anthelmintic resistance has not been demonstrated formally in equine pinworms, so a clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of paste formulations of pyrantel pamoate or ivermectin against naturally acquired infections with O. equi. Twenty-one horses (>4 months to 15 years of age) with patent, naturally acquired pinworm infections were blocked by source of origin and allocated rand

Late-gestation rat myometrial cells express multiple isoforms of phospholipase A2 that mediate PCB 50-induced release of arachidonic acid with coincident prostaglandin production.

Previous reports have shown that ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are uterotonic and activate phospholipase A2 to release arachidonic acid (AA) from membrane phospholipids. AA serves as the precursor to various eicosanoids, which, in addition to AA itself, are capable of modulating uterine function. To examine whether PCBs stimulate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) to mobilize arachidonic acid from late-gestation rat uterus, primary cultures of gestation day 20 (gd20) rat myometrial cells (RMC) were labeled with 0.5 microCi 3H-AA prior to a 10-, 20-, or 30-min exposure to 2,2',4,6-tet