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Clostridium butyricum alleviates multiple myeloma by remodeling the bone marrow microenvironment and inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway through the gut‒bone axis.

Emerging evidence reveals a strong connection between the gut microbiota and cancer. However, the exact role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in multiple myeloma (MM) is poorly understood, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions represents a promising strategy that demands urgent mechanistic and translational investigation. First, we conducted a comprehensive microbiome-metabolite analysis between MM patients and healthy individuals. The result revealed a marked compositional difference characterized by reduced abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria and diminished buty

SETD2 and EZH2: Two epigenetic drivers of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent malignancy among men, characterized by complex mechanisms underlying metastasis and treatment resistance. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating prostate cancer progression, particularly involving histone methyltransferases such as SET-domain containing 2 (SETD2) and Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). SETD2 contributes to chromatin stability by catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me3), and its downregulation is strongly correlated with increased invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Con

Advancing Brain Health Naturally: β-Caryophyllene and Xanthohumol as Neuroprotective Agents.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a class of incurable and progressive disorders characterized by the gradual degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord. A range of innovative therapeutic approaches is currently under investigation, such as stem cell-based therapies, gene-editing platforms such as CRISPR, and immunotherapies directed at pathogenic proteins. Moreover, phytochemicals such as β-caryophyllene and xanthohumol have demonstrated significant neuroprotective potential in preclinical models. These natural agents exe

Therapeutic effects of the novel subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide on myeloma-associated bone disease.

Histone deacetylases are promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. In the work herein, we investigated the effect of chidamide, a new subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor that was independently produced in China, on multiple myeloma and its associated bone diseases using different models. The cytotoxicity of chidamide toward myeloma is due to its induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by increasing the levels of caspase family proteins p21 and p27, among others. Furthermore, chidamide exhibited significant cytotoxicity against myeloma cells co-cultured

The Host Cell ViroCheckpoint: Identification and Pharmacologic Targeting of Novel Mechanistic Determinants of Coronavirus-Mediated Hijacked Cell States

Most antiviral agents are designed to target virus-specific proteins and mechanisms rather than the host cell proteins that are critically dysregulated following virus-mediated reprogramming of the host cell transcriptional state. To overcome these limitations, we propose that elucidation and pharmacologic targeting of host cell Master Regulator proteins—whose aberrant activities govern the reprogramed state of infected-coronavirus cells—presents unique opportunities to develop novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches to antiviral therapy, either as monotherapy or as a complement to establ

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit Ebola virus infection. Science translational medicine, 5(190):190ra79, June 2013. ISSN 1946–6242. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005471 19. …

Immunological Targets in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: Where Are We Going Now?

BackgroundGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder marked by antibody-mediated disruption of neuromuscular transmission. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive therapies and biologics, a subset of patients remains refractory, necessitating more targeted and personalized treatment strategies.ObjectiveThis review aims to synthesize current knowledge of the immunopathological mechanisms across gMG subtypes and to explore emerging therapeutic targets tailored to these diverse disease phenotypes.MethodsA narrative review was conducted, integrating recent finding

Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis.

The incidence rate of cancer is increasing year by year due to the aging of the population, unhealthy living, and eating habits. At present, surgery and medication are still the main treatments for cancer, without paying attention to the impact of individual differences in health management on cancer. However, increasing evidence suggests that individual psychological status, dietary habits, and exercise frequency are closely related to the risk and prognosis of cancer. The reminder to humanity is that the medical concept of the unified treatment plan is insufficient in cancer treatment, and a

Interpreting clinical assays for histone deacetylase inhibitors.

As opposed to genetics, dealing with gene expressions by direct DNA sequence modifications, the term epigenetics applies to all the external influences that target the chromatin structure of cells with impact on gene expression unrelated to the sequence coding of DNA itself. In normal cells, epigenetics modulates gene expression through all development steps. When "imprinted" early by the environment, epigenetic changes influence the organism at an early stage and can be transmitted to the progeny. Together with DNA sequence alterations, DNA aberrant cytosine methylation and microRNA deregulat

Spatiotemperal Dynamics of Osteoarthritis: Преобразование значений от стенда до Бедсайда.

Остеоартрит (OA) представляет собой многогранное дегенеративное совместное расстройство, вызванное различными факторами риска, такими, как возраст, механический стресс, воспаление и метаболическое воздействие. Эти элементы способствуют его разнообразным фенотипам и эндотипам, что подчеркивает имманентную сложность болезни. Участие нескольких тканей и их взаимодействие еще больше осложняет расследование ОА. Нынешние ограничения в области технологий пространственного фенотификации в сочетании со сложной сетью многофакторных взаимодействий препятствуют обнаружению надежных ранних диагностических

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Review of Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Preventive Measures and Treatment Strategies.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a major problem that can occur in people taking certain medications such bisphosphonates and denosumab. It can be used to treat osteoporosis or cancer. Bisphosphonate exposure, dental diseases and procedures, age, sex, anatomical factors, medical issues, and hereditary factors are all variables that enhance the risk of MRONJ. Even though MRONJ and antiresorptive medications have a close association, the pathophysiology of MRONJ is unknown. Careful dental preparation and oral hygiene instructions significantly minimize the risk of osteonecr

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… Selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene) are used in the breast cancer management, and only one report has described MRONJ development in patients undergoing raloxifene therapy, but the patient also has a history of oral bisphosphonate ( Bennardo et al., 2020b , King et al., 2019 , Bindakhil …

Myokines in cancer: bridging molecular mechanisms to biomarker discovery and therapeutic innovation.

Exercise can regulate the physiological functions of the body by inducing the secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors mainly secreted by muscle cells. This review classifies myokines based on their functional characteristics, including metabolic regulation (such as myostatin, interleukin-6), neuroregulation (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), cell proliferation/differentiation regulation (myogenic proteins), immune regulation (tumor necrosis factor- alpha), and factors involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling (such as connective tissue growth factor).Cancer, as

Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy.

The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical

Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19.

While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became cont

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit ebola virus infection. Sci. Transl. Med. 2013;5(190) doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005471. 190ra79-190ra79. 110. Martin, W. R.; Cheng, F. …

An overview of the potential anticancer properties of cardamonin.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality, contributing to 9.6 million deaths globally in 2018 alone. Although several cancer treatments exist, they are often associated with severe side effects and high toxicities, leaving room for significant advancements to be made in the field. In recent years, several phytochemicals from plants and natural bioresources have been extracted and tested against various human malignancies using both in vitro and in vivo preclinical model systems. Cardamonin, a chalcone extracted from the Alpinia species, is an example of a natural therapeutic agent that

Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition.

Osteoclast is a specialized cell that originates from monocytic lineage, communicates closely with osteoblasts under physiological conditions, participates in bone modeling and re-modeling, contributes to calcium homeostasis and osteoimmunity. In pathological conditions, it is involved in many tumors such as giant cell bone tumor (osteoclastoma), aneurysmal bone cyst, osteosarcoma, and metastatic cancers, and it usually causes local spread and progression of the tumor, working against the host. Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-os

Natural products as metabolic modulators to enhance cancer immunotherapy: reprogramming the tumor microenvironment.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, and although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable breakthroughs, its efficacy is often limited by tumor-induced immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming plays a pivotal role in shaping the TME and regulating antitumor immune responses. Targeting tumor and immune cell metabolism has therefore become a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. This review first summarizes the metabolic reprogramming that occurs within the TME, including altera

Exploring the impact of m6A modification on immune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implication.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a chemical modification of RNA and has become a widely discussed topic among scientific researchers in recent years. It is distributed in various organisms, including eukaryotes and bacteria. It has been found that m6A is composed of writers, erasers and readers and is involved in biological functions such as splicing, transport and translation of RNA. The balance of the human immune microenvironment is important for human health abnormalities. Increasing studies have found that m6A affects the development of immune diseases such as inflammatory enteritis and system

Investigating key genes and molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer and coronary heart disease through transcriptomics and experimental validation.

BackgroundProstate cancer (PC), a common male urogenital malignancy, and coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular disease from coronary lesions causing myocardial ischemia, interact in comorbidity. This study integrated their transcriptome data to reveal comorbid mechanisms and develop cross-disease targets.MethodsIn this research, candidate genes were derived from differential analysis and intersection analysis. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms were integrated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment and expression confirmation to identify key genes. Nomogr

Traditional Chinese medicine as a cancer treatment: Modern perspectives of ancient but advanced science.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years and at the present time is widely accepted as an alternative treatment for cancer. In this review, we sought to summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and therapeutic activity of TCM, especially that of the Chinese herbal medicine-derived phytochemicals curcumin, resveratrol, and berberine. Numerous genes have been reported to be involved when using TCM treatments and so we have selectively highlighted the role of a number of oncogene and tumor suppressor genes in TCM therapy. I

Seeing through "brain fog": neuroimaging assessment and imaging biomarkers for cancer-related cognitive impairments.

Advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have substantially improved patient outcomes and survival in recent years. However, up to 75% of cancer patients and survivors, including those with non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancers, suffer from "brain fog" or impairments in cognitive functions such as attention, memory, learning, and decision-making. While we recognize the impact of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), we have not fully investigated and understood the causes, mechanisms and interplays of various involving factors. Consequently, there are unmet needs in clinical onc