Результаты поиска

First Primate Clavicles From Swartkrans Cave: Further Indications of Habitual Arboreal Behavior in Some Early Pleistocene South African Hominins.

OBJECTIVES: We provide descriptions and taphonomic and functional interpretations of two hominin clavicles, SWT1/HR-5 and SWT1/HR-6, from Swartkrans Member 1. We explore the possibility that one of the clavicles derives from the same Paranthropus robustus individual as SWT1/HR-2, an articulating os coxae and partial lower limb from Swartkrans Member 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed taphonomic methods to describe damage on SWT1/HR-5 and SWT1/HR-6. Complementing the qualitative descriptions, we used osteometric tools and micro-CT scanning to generate quantitative data on external shape, cr

Estrogen Deprivation During Primate (Papio anubis) Pregnancy: Impact on Systemic Microvascular Flow and Cardiovascular Development and Function After Birth in Offspring.

BACKGROUND: Suppressing estradiol (E2) during baboon pregnancy lowers offspring skeletal muscle capillary density, vital for insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and induces insulin resistance. We examined whether E2 deprivation also impairs microvascular flow and cardiac function. METHODS: Offspring of untreated baboons, letrozole-treated baboons, or letrozole plus E2 (maternal s.c. injections during the second half of gestation) underwent contrast-enhanced microbubble ultrasonography to quantify microvessel flow and echocardiography to assess cardiac performance. RESULTS: Letrozole reduced mat

Galectin-14, a primate-specific oncofetal protein, impairs anti-tumour immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma by driving elevated heparan sulphate modification.

BACKGROUND: The liver naturally exhibits robust glycosylation processes, yet how aberrant glycosylation affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of heparan sulphate (HS) modification in HCC progression and identify its underlying regulatory mechanism. DESIGN: The association of HS with poor prognosis and immune dysfunction was analysed through HCC clinical data and in vivo models. T cell functions were validated in vivo and in vitro via exogenous HS or HS depletion. Transcriptomic screening of HS-high a

Functional analysis of adrenocorticotropic-hormone-producing pituitary cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells in murine and primate models of hypopituitarism.

BACKGROUND: Hypopituitarism has a prevalence of approximately 45.5 cases per 100,000 population, is therefore not a rare condition. Hypopitu … and increased circulating ACTH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, no previous study in primates has demonstrated efficacious pituitary cell transplantation, whether derived from fetal pituitary, xenogeneic pituitary, or PSCs. Future priorities include the acquisition of comprehensive non-clinical data to inform design of first-in-human clinica …

Safety of Long-Acting Intravitreal Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure and Retinal Integrity across Rabbit and Non-Human Primate Models.

Injectable hydrogels have emerged as promising platforms for sustained drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye, with the potential to reduce treatment burden and improve patient adherence in chronic disease management. Although numerous preclinical studies report favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, the effects of intravitreal (IVT) hydrogels on the ocular environment have yet to be comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of preclinical investigations evaluating IVT, drug-loaded hydrogels in rabbit and nonhuman primate models. Primary safety

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cardiac Xenograft Failure in a Pig-to-Non-Human Primate Model Identifies NF-κB as a Critical Immunomodulatory Target.

INTRODUCTION: Shortage of donor organs is one of the greatest challenges of cardiac transplantation. Xenotransplantation is a potential way to solve the contradiction of imbalance and pigs are considered ideal donor sources. However, xenotransplantation still faces the problem of immune rejection at present. In order to further understand the molecular picture of immune rejection after xenotransplantation, and develop immunosuppressive agents to further overcome rejection, we conducted a proteomic analysis of a heterotopic pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) animal model. METHODS: We constructed a

Inner Limiting Membrane Peel Extends In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Activity Beyond the Fovea in Non-Human Primate.

PURPOSE: Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) paired with intravitreal injection of a viral vector coding for the calcium indicator GCaMP has enabled visualization of neuronal activity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at single cell resolution in the living eye. However, the inner limiting membrane (ILM) restricts viral transduction to the fovea in humans and non-human primates, hindering both therapeutic intervention and physiological study of the retina. To address this issue, we explored peeling the ILM before intravitreal injection to expand calcium imaging beyond the fove…

Conserved mode of nuclear lamina distortion by primate cytomegaloviruses: importance of the pSer22 motif, viral kinase and cis/trans isomerase Pin1 activity.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen of high clinical relevance. In terms of pathogenic determination, the regulatory factors of HCMV-host interaction play a crucial role, and recently we reported on virus-supportive functions of the cellular peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1. Notably, Pin1 is able to recognize phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline motifs and regulate the structural conformation, stability and function of its substrate proteins. During HCMV replication, Pin1 facilitates viral nuclear egress by inducing site-specific rearrangements of the nuclear

Efficacy of modified-vaccinia Ankara vaccine as pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against monkeypox sexual transmission in non-human primate model.

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak of 2022 caused a human disease with unusual epidemiological and clinical features, notably an increase in human-to-human transmission through sexual contact, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This evolution underscores the need to reassess prevention and control strategies in the context of a sexually transmitted disease. Here, we show that rectal challenge of male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, leading to rectal infection, with systemic and male genital tract dissemination and seminal fl

Intravitreal Neuroglobin Mitigates Primate Experimental Glaucomatous Structural Damage in Association with Reduced Optic Nerve Microglial and Complement 3-Astrocyte Activation.

Current management of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is limited to intraocular pressure control. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotectant expressed in neurons and astrocytes. We recently showed that exogenous intravitreal Ngb reduced inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in a rodent model of hypoxia. We thus hypothesised that IVT-Ngb may also be neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma (EG) by mitigating optic nerve (ON) astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as structural damage. In this study using a microbead-induced model of EG in six Cynomolgus primates, optical coheren…

A non-human primate derived anti-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 antibody curtails acute pancreatitis by alleviating the inflammatory responses.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a devastating disease characterized by an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) plays a crucial role in the initial steps of the adhesive at process to inflammatory sites, blockade of PSGL-1 might confer potent anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we generated two non-human primate derived monoclonal antibodies capable of efficiently targeting human PSGL-1, RH001-6 and RH001-22, which were screened from immunized rhesus macaques. We found that RH001-6, can effectively block the binding of P-selectin to PSGL-1, and aboli

Myeloid Progenitor Inhibitory Factor-1 (CCL23) Inhibits Lung Leukocyte Recruitment in a Primate Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Induced Pulmonary Ischaemia Model.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow (BM)-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes (MO) induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are highly proteolytic and cause postoperative lung injury. Although CCL23/Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 is a human CC chemokine with potent suppressor effects on myeloid progenitor cells, in vivo inhibitory effects on BM-derived leukocyte kinetics associated with CPB are unknown. METHODS: Two-hour CPB was surgically performed in cynomolgus monkeys and BM-derived leukocytes kinetics were monitored postoperatively by flow cytometry with 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyu

Role of the human vaginal microbiota in the regulation of inflammation and sexually transmitted infection acquisition: Contribution of the non-human primate model to a better understanding?

The human vaginal microbiota has a central role in the regulation of the female reproductive tract (FRT) inflammation. Indeed, on one hand an optimal environment leading to a protection against sexually transmitted infections (STI) is associated with a high proportion of Lactobacillus spp. (eubiosis). On the other hand, a more diverse microbiota with a high amount of non-Lactobacillus spp. (dysbiosis) is linked to a higher local inflammation and an increased STI susceptibility. The composition of the vaginal microbiota is influenced by numerous factors that may lead to a dysbiotic environment.

Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 and Human alphaherpesvirus 1 in New World Primate negative for yellow fever virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Herpesvirus transmission between humans and non-human primate (NHP) can occur through contact scratches with lesions, infected saliva, and mainly through contaminated food. Therefore, cross-infection can lead to severe illness or even death for both the animal and human. In 2017, during the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, species of the New World Primates (NWP) from Rio de Janeiro state, tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) detection. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate herpesvirus in the population NWP in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: To investigate, liver samples of 283 NWP, from …

Comparison of neuronal responses in primate inferior-temporal cortex and feed-forward deep neural network model with regard to information processing of faces.

Feed-forward deep neural networks have better performance in object categorization tasks than other models of computer vision. To understand the relationship between feed-forward deep networks and the primate brain, we investigated representations of upright and inverted faces in a convolutional deep neural network model and compared them with representations by neurons in the monkey anterior inferior-temporal cortex, area TE. We applied principal component analysis to feature vectors in each model layer to visualize the relationship between the vectors of the upright and inverted faces. The v

Multisite Analysis of Lesions in the Respiratory Tract of the Rat and Nonhuman Primate (Cynomolgus Monkey) Exposed to Air, Vehicle, and Inhaled Small Molecule Compounds.

This paper presents a review of the nature, range, and incidences of background pathology findings in the respiratory tract of cynomolgus monkeys and rats. Data were collected from 81 inhalation studies and 133 non-inhalation studies evaluated at 3 geographically distinct contract research organization facilities. The inhalation studies were comprised of 44 different small molecule pharmaceuticals or chemicals which were also analyzed in order to understand the patterns of induced changes within the respiratory tract. The lung was the most frequently affected organ in both species, with increa

CpG ODN D35 improves the response to abbreviated low-dose pentavalent antimonial treatment in non-human primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) affects the lives of 0.7-1 million people every year causing lesions that take months to heal. These lesions ca … ype D CpG ODNs, magnifies the immune response to Leishmania and reduces lesion severity in nonhuman primates (NHP) challenged with Leishmania major or Leishmania amazonensis. Here we explored whether the addition of a single dose of immunomodulating CpG ODN D35 augments the efficacy of a short-course, low-dose pentavalent antimonial treatment regimen. Resu …

[Results of a study of parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Erythroparvovirus, Primate erythroparvovirus 1) prevalence and circulation activity in socially significant categories of the population].

UNLABELLED: Currently, along with the increasing need of medical organizations for blood preparations, algorithms for laboratory testing of blood donors are not available for all infections with hemo-contact mechanism of transmission. A representative example is infection caused by parvovirus В19. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The article presents the results of the original study, the purpose of which was to study the prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus B19 and the activity of the circulation of this virus in socially important categories of the population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The materials of

Identification of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in a Nonhuman Primate from St. Kitts More than 50 Years after Interruption of Human Transmission.

Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni was interrupted on St. Kitts, a Caribbean island, in the 1950s. With no reported cases since that time and most Biomphalaria spp. snail populations eliminated based on surveys in the 1970s, S. mansoni has been considered eliminated on St. Kitts. In 2019, S. mansoni eggs were found in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) that originated from St. Kitts. Nonhuman primate (NHP) infections have been considered incidental to human infections, with infections in NHPs resolving with the elimination of S. mansoni in the human population. An NHP with

Isolation of a Highly Purified HSC-enriched CD34+CD90+CD45RA- Cell Subset for Allogeneic Transplantation in the Nonhuman Primate Large-animal Model.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a common treatment for patients suffering from different hematological disorders. Allo-HCT in combination with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is considered a promising treatment option for millions of patients with HIV+ and acute myeloid leukemia. Most currently available HSC gene therapy approaches target CD34-enriched cell fractions, a heterogeneous mix of mostly progenitor cells and only very few HSCs with long-term multilineage engraftment potential. As a consequence, gene therapy approaches are currently limited

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… A distinct hematopoietic stem cell population for rapid multilineage engraftment in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med. 2017; 9:eaan1145 doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1145 27. Radtke S, Chan YY, Sippel TR, et al. … MISTRG mice support engraftment and assessment of nonhuman primate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol. 2019; 70:31–41.e1. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2018.12.003 28. Humbert O, Radtke S, Samuelson C, et al. …