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H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as

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… Its depletion inhibits PCa development by blocking the transcription of AR or cyclin D2 ( Vieira et al., 2015 ). SMYD3 has dimethyl- and trimethyltransferase activity at lysine 4 of histone H3, but also methylates H4K5 and H4K20 and other non-histone proteins ( Foreman et al., 2011 ). … Prognostic role of cyclin D2/D3 in multiple human malignant neoplasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . Cancer Med. 8 ( 6 ), 2717 – 2729 . 10.1002/cam4.2152 30950241 PMC6558476 Duan R. Du W. Guo W. ( 2020 ). EZH2: A novel target for cancer treatment . J. Hematol. …

Reviewing the Significance of Vitamin D Substitution in Monoclonal Gammopathies.

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is essential for bone mineral metabolism and it has several other effects in the body, including anti-cancer actions. Vitamin D causes a reduction in cell growth by interrupting the cell cycle. Moreover, the active form of vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, exerts various effects via its interaction with the vitamin D receptor on the innate and adaptive immune system, which could be relevant in the onset of tumors. Multiple myeloma is a treatable but incurable malignancy characterized by the growth of clonal plasma cells in protective niches in the bo

Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol as chemo and radiosensitizer in cancer.

One of the primary diseases that cause death worldwide is cancer. Cancer cells can be intrinsically resistant or acquire resistance to therapies and drugs used for cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms of action that favor cell survival and proliferation, becoming one of the leading causes of treatment failure against cancer. A promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance is the co-administration of anticancer agents and natural compounds with anticancer properties, such as the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (RSV). RSV has been reported to be able to sensitize c

New Therapeutic Strategies for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous hematological malignancy. Chromosomal and genetic analyses are important for the diagnosis and prognosis of AML. Some patients experience relapse or have refractory disease, despite conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies and allogeneic transplantation, and a variety of new agents and treatment strategies have emerged. After over 20 years during which no new drugs became available for the treatment of AML, the CD33-targeting antibody-drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin was developed. This is currently used in combination with standard

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… There are three types of CDKs: cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3, which are encoded by the CCND1 , CCND2 , and CCND3 genes, respectively. …

Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Four Patients with Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis Treated with Midostaurin.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare and heterogeneous disorder characterized by clonal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in one or more organs, most commonly the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and skin. Among its clinical variants, aggressive SM (ASM) presents organ damage and debilitating symptoms due to extensive mast cell infiltration. The management of ASM remains challenging, primarily because treatment must address both symptom control and disease progression. Background/Objectives: Recent therapeutic approaches have focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that t

Integrating Nature Into Oncology: Enhancing Hematological Malignancies Therapies With Natural Medicine.

Hematological malignancies are complex clonal disorders that pose a significant threat to human health. Current treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation, have demonstrated efficacy but are often limited by side effects, drug resistance, and suboptimal cure rates. Natural medicines, as key elements of complementary and alternative medicine, exhibit considerable potential in combating hematological cancers. Particularly when used in combination with conventional therapies, they can enhance treatment efficacy and reverse drug resis

Множественная миелома высокого риска: от молекулярной классификации к новаторскому лечению с помощью Моноклональных антител и режиссёрской терапии Т-Келл.

Большие генетические миеломы по-прежнему являются серьезной терапевтической проблемой, поскольку пациенты, имеющие неблагоприятные генетические аномалии, такие, как дель(17p), TP53 мутации и biallelic del(1p32), по-прежнему сталкиваются с плохими результатами, несмотря на недавние терапевтические достижения. В рамках этого обзора изучаются меняющиеся определения и молекулярные характеристики HRMM с уделением особого внимания последним обновленным данным о стратегиях стратификации и лечения рисков. Новая генетическая классификация, предложенная на 2025 Совещание ЕММА обеспечивает более высокую

Резюме

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Perspectives on the Risk-Stratified Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

The multiple myeloma treatment landscape has changed dramatically. This change, paralleled by an increase in scientific knowledge, has resulted in significant improvement in survival. However, heterogeneity remains in clinical outcomes, with a proportion of patients not benefiting from current approaches and continuing to have a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of the variability in outcome can be predicted on the basis of clinical and biochemical parameters and tumor-acquired genetic variants, allowing for risk stratification and a more personalized approach to therapy. This article d

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… Thus, HR behavior is an acquired characteristic reflecting the deregulation of a common set of genes that can occur in any TC segment, but is more likely to occur in the adverse translocation and cyclin D2–expressing segments. …

Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

Neutropenic events associated with new anticancer treatments, from pathophysiology to practice: a scoping review-NEW Group (Neutropenic Events Working Group).

INTRODUCTION: New anticancer agents are increasingly being prescribed, either in combination or as a replacement or maintenance therapy after conventional chemotherapy. Although they present certain previously unknown complications, they are also responsible for more classic hematological toxicities, such as neutropenia. Unlike conventional chemotherapy, the comprehension and management of NAN (Neutropenia Associated with Novel anticancer agent) is currently poorly codified and understood. METHODS: A literature scoping review was conducted by the NEW Group (Neutropenic Events multidisciplinar

Interpreting clinical assays for histone deacetylase inhibitors.

As opposed to genetics, dealing with gene expressions by direct DNA sequence modifications, the term epigenetics applies to all the external influences that target the chromatin structure of cells with impact on gene expression unrelated to the sequence coding of DNA itself. In normal cells, epigenetics modulates gene expression through all development steps. When "imprinted" early by the environment, epigenetic changes influence the organism at an early stage and can be transmitted to the progeny. Together with DNA sequence alterations, DNA aberrant cytosine methylation and microRNA deregulat

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… In glioma cells, SAHA induced expression of DR5, TNFα, p21Waf1, and p27Kip1 and reduced expression of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin D2. 119 SAHA can induce thyroid cancer cell death by caspase-mediated pathways, 120 and induces G1 and G2-M arrest and apoptosis in several types of breast cancer cell …

Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Evidence

Head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Natural compounds, especially curcumin and its derivatives, have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways involved in tumor progression. This review critically evaluates the current preclinical and translational evidence supporting curcumin and its derivatives as monotherapeutic agents in HNC, with part

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… Moreover, repression of EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, Akt, STAT3, NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation and reduction of cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 expression were observed in both cell lines in the study [ 150 ]. … Decreased expression of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 and increased levels of p27 were also observed after curcumin treatment [ 156 ]. …

Advances in antisense oligonucleotide treatment for cancer.

RNA therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), have emerged as a promising class of drugs, with several already approved for clinical use. To date, most approved ASO-based RNA therapies target non-malignant disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, and only a single therapy in this class has been approved for cancer. Notably, nearly half of existing RNA therapeutics act by modulating RNA splicing. Given the growing evidence implicating aberrant RNA splicing in cancer pathogenesis, the development of ASO-based therapeutics for oncologic indications is expected to accelerate.

Clinical activity of 9-ING-41, a small molecule selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibitor, in refractory adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma.

GSK-3β is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. GSK-3β blockade downregulates the NF-κB pathway, modulates immune cell PD-1 and tumor cell PD-L1 expression, and increases CD8 + T cell and NK cell function. We report a case of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) treated with 9-ING-41, a selective GSK-3β inhibitor in clinical development, who achieved a durable response. A 43-year-old male developed diffuse lymphadenopathy, and biopsy of axillary lymph node showed acute-type ATLL. Peripheral blood flow cytometry revealed a circulating clonal T cell

Circulating miRNAs as Auxiliary Diagnostic Biomarkers for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Recommendations.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by aberrant expansion of monoclonal plasma cells with high mortality and severe complications due to the lack of early diagnosis and timely treatment. Circulating miRNAs have shown potential in the diagnosis of MM with inconsistent results, which remains to be fully assessed. Here we updated a meta-analysis with relative studies and essays published in English before Jan 31, 2021. After steps of screening, 32 studies from 11 articles that included a total of 627 MM patients and 314 healthy controls were collected. All data were an

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… MM, multiple myeloma. miRNA | Location | Targets | Functions of miRNA in multiple myeloma miR-15a-5p | 13q14.2 | BCL-2, VEGF-A, PHF19, cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDC25A | Cell growth suppression and apoptosis promotion ( 42 , 43 ) miR203 | 14q32.33 | CREB1, VCAN | Inhibit myeloma cell proliferation ( 44 ) …

Stage-specific biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: Preliminary findings from bioinformatics approaches.

BackgroundIntegrated bioinformatics approaches were used to identify stage-specific candidate genes and potential drug targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsMicroarray (164 early-stage, 33 advanced-stage, and 53 normal samples) and RNA-seq (113 normal, 163 early-stage, and 30 advanced-stage TNBC samples) datasets were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by co-expression analysis using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction analysis using the STRING database. miRNA co-regulation was evaluated us

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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Is Curcumin the Answer to Future Chemotherapy Cocktail?

The rise in cancer cases in recent years is an alarming situation worldwide. Despite the tremendous research and invention of new cancer therapies, the clinical outcomes are not always reassuring. Cancer cells could develop several evasive mechanisms for their survivability and render therapeutic failure. The continuous use of conventional cancer therapies leads to chemoresistance, and a higher dose of treatment results in even greater toxicities among cancer patients. Therefore, the search for an alternative treatment modality is crucial to break this viscous cycle. This paper explores the su

Dual regulation of gastrointestinal tumor progression by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and prospects for targeted therapy.

Gastrointestinal malignant tumors exhibit a high incidence and mortality rate among all malignancies worldwide, making them a significant concern within the field of oncology. Targeted therapy for gastrointestinal tumors has become a hot topic in recent years, and its specific mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Secreted factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as components of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can activate these factors through JAK1/2 and STAT1 signaling (the IFN