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Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease: From Host Defense to Chronic Inflammation.

Eosinophils are tissue-adapted granulocytes with important roles in host defense, immune regulation, barrier responses, and inflammatory disease. Beyond classical degranulation, activated eosinophils can release eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs), extracellular DNA and protein structures that arise through cytolytic nuclear EETosis or rapid mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. These traps may contribute to host protection by immobilizing pathogens and concentrating eosinophil granule proteins at sites of mucosal or tissue inflammation. However, when EET formation is excessive, persistent, or …

A 'Tangled Web' in the CNS: unraveling neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological disorders.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are web-like structures composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils, which play a critical role in modulating neutrophil-mediated immune responses. Initially recognized for their role in host defense, NETs function as "molecular traps" that rapidly ensnare pathogens. They then achieve efficient clearance by directly degrading virulence factors through the action of associated antimicrobial proteins. However, the functions of NETs extend beyond immune defense. Dysregulation of NETs in pathological conditions can l…

Bidirectional roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in oral microbiota carcinogenesis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are network structures composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins,released by activated neutrophils to trap and eliminate extracellular pathogens. Recent research has demonstrated a strong correlation between NETs and various diseases, including immune dysregulation, thrombosis, and malignancies. This review synthesizes current research on NETs, focusing on its biological role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and explores its potential in treating. METHODS: A literature review in the PubMed database was conducted to examine th…

Evaluation of NETosis (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers periodontitis patients.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the NETosis biomarkers citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (ELA), calprotectin (CALPRO), and myelo … tis, and neutrophils in smokers with periodontitis exhibited more susceptibility to form neutrophil extracellular traps when compared with nonsmokers.

S100A8/S100A9 through PAD4 activation of neutrophil extracellular traps promotes granulomatous lobular mastitis.

BACKGROUND: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory breast disorder with an obscure etiology and pathogenesis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are extracellular web-like structures composed of decondensed chromatin and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils, disrupt normal tissue architecture and perpetuate inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of NETs in GLM and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of GLM patients and healthy controls (HCs) to…

Squaraine-Peptide Conjugates as Efficient Reporters of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Mediated Chronic Inflammation.

The excessive and uncontrolled release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancers. Real-time, non-invasive detection of NETs is crucial for understanding their role in disease progression and developing targeted therapies. Current NETs detection methods often lack the necessary specificity and resolution, particularly in vivo and ex vivo settings. To address this, we have developed novel near-infrared squaraine-peptide conjugates by rational molecular design as reporters of NETosis …

Neutrophil extracellular traps: a novel contributor to vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification significantly contributes to cardiovascular health issues, though the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research highlights neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as critical mediators of vascular damage and pro-calcific processes. METHODS: We obtained transcriptomic data from the NCBI GEO database for CKD rodent models and identified differentially expressed genes, selected genes using machine learning, functional enrichment, profiling of immune infiltration, transcription factor (TF) act…

Neutrophil extracellular traps and reactive oxygen species: Predictors of prognosis in bladder cancer.

Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in circulation, have become the subject of intensive research due to growing evidence of their role as modulators of cancer with both anti- and pro-tumorigenic effects. However, their prognostic function related to the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not yet been elucidated in the context of bladder cancer (BC). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of circulating neutrophils from BC patients to undergo NETosis and produce ROS-both spontaneously and following activation with phorbo…

Dual Nature of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)-From Cancer's Ally to Therapeutic Target.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge requiring the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Liquid biopsy is considered a promising minimally invasive tool for cancer screening, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Recent studies suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may also be potential liquid biopsy markers. NETs are web-like chromatin structures released by neutrophils in response to various stimuli to trap and neutralize pathogens. However, excessive or dysregulated NET formation has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Elevated levels of…

Impact of anticoagulants and centrifugal forces on plasma neutrophil extracellular traps assay outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) could help prevent and treat thrombosis-related diseases. Detecting NETs primarily relies on plasma; however, the impact of anticoagulants and plasma centrifugation on these results remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the most effective anticoagulant and centrifugation methods for detecting NETs in plasma. METHODS: Plasma samples were collected from sepsis rats using sodium citrate and EDTA as anticoagulants. These samples were subjected to various centrifugal forces, durations, and temperatures to determine the optimal …

Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate inflammation and coagulation dysregulation in primary blast lung injury.

Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) manifests as respiratory distress and hemoptysis syndrome resulting from exposure to blast waves, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, leading to a dearth of effective treatment options. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play important roles in acute lung injury. However, the role of NETs in PBLI was unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the role of NETs in PBLI. Our study found that, compared to the Con group, blast wave induced the destruction of lung tissue structure, the increase of lung inflammat…

Predelivery maternal circulating neutrophil extracellular traps and deoxyribonuclease in placental dysfunction and preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps consist of DNA and protein and are secreted by neutrophils upon activation. They are stable structures but may be degraded by deoxyribonucleases. Neutrophil extracellular traps can induce endothelial dysfunction, an important feature of the preeclampsia pathophysiology. However, the levels of neutrophil extracellular traps biomarkers and deoxyribonuclease in the maternal circulation during preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and fetal growth restriction, as well as potential associations to placental dysfunction, remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIV…

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increased in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the role of NETs in RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) and the mechanisms driving NET formation remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the involvement of NETs in RA-ILD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Single-cell sequencing was used to identify changes in the quantity and function of neutrophils in the lung tissue of a zymosan A (ZYM)-induced interstitial pneumonia arthritis model. Additionally, nu

SPI1 инициирует образование нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек в множестве склероза через CXCL4.

Множественный склероз (MS) — обычное демиелинирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы, сопровождающееся хроническим воспалением и нейродегенерацией. Нейтрофилы и образование нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек (НЕТ) играют важную роль в заболеваниях центральной нервной системы. Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) является важнейшим регулятором развития и созревания миелиоидных клеток. Однако роль ИЦП1 в РС остается неясной. В рамках этого исследования в мышах была создана модель MS путем введения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита (EAE). Для изучения воздействия SPI1 после MS было

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration. Neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a significant role in central nervous system diseases. Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) is a crucial regulator for the development and matura…

CPHEN-017: Comprehensive phenotyping of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on peripheral human neutrophils.

With the recent discovery of their ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils are increasingly appreciated as active participants in infection and inflammation. NETs are characterized as large, web-like networks of DNA and proteins extruded from neutrophils, and there is considerable interest in how these structures drive disease in humans. Advancing research in this field is contingent on developing novel tools for quantifying NETosis. To this end, we have developed a 7-marker flow cytometry panel for analyzing NETosis on human peripheral neutrophils following in vi…

Neutrophil extracellular traps in the cross-talk between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: The objective was to evaluate the level of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis, and to explore the relationship between NETs and both diseases. METHODS: 63 CKD and 40 non-CKD participants were recruited and underwent periodontal examination, among which 35 early CKD patients underwent periodontal therapy. The concentrations of NETs were determined by dsDNA assay in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma, and by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence assay in blood and gingival tissues. The correlations between NET…

Neutrophils extracellular traps myeloperoxidase and elastase predict cerebral vasospasms after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a highly fatal and morbid disease. Despite successful coiling or clipping of a ruptured aneurysm, the patients suffer post-aSAH complications, including early brain injury, cerebral vasospasm (CVS), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and systemic infections that mainly determine the clinical outcomes. Diagnostic biomarkers to predict accurately post-aSAH complications are needed. In this prospective exploratory study, we investigated the predictive value of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) components for CVS after aSAH. In the study, 62 patients …

Natural killer cells promote neutrophil extracellular traps and restrain macular degeneration in mice.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. Although it is known that … nhibition of activating receptor NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, increased vascular leakage, and exacerbated pathological angiogenesis, indicating that NK cells restrain pathogenesis in this mouse model. Age is the strongest risk factor for AMD, and we show that NK cells from aged human donors exhibited a less c …

Neutrophil extracellular traps promote acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice via AIM2.

Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neutrophil activation and hepatocyte death. Along with hepatocyte dysfunction and death, NETosis (a form of neutrophil-associated inflammation) plays a vital role in the progression of acute liver injury (ALI) induced by APAP overdose. It has been shown that activated neutrophils tend to migrate towards the site of injury and participate in inflammatory processes via formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study we investigated whether NETs were involved in hepatocyte injury and contributed to APAP-induced ALI progression. ALI mouse…

Neutrophil extracellular traps formation is associated with postoperative complications in congenital cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUNDS: Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) often require surgical repair using cardiopulmonary bypass. Despite adva … vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that histones and HMGB1 induced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This finding aligned with greater NETs formation observed at the end of CPB and during the postoperative period in neonates and infants who developed postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Targeting NETs and associated DAMPs may provide a …