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Range Expansion and Increasing Borrelia burgdorferi Infection of the Tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Iowa, 1990-2013.

A passive surveillance program monitored ticks submitted by the public in Iowa from 1990-2013. Submitted ticks were identified to species and life stage, and Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs and adults were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi. An average of 2.6 of Iowa's 99 counties submitted first reports of I. scapularis per year over the surveillance period, indicating expansion of this tick species across the state. The proportion of vector ticks infected by B. burgdorferi increased over time between 1998 and 2013. In 2013, 23.5% of nymphal and adult I. scapularis were infected wit…

Are normal decision-makers sensitive to changes in value contrast under uncertainty? Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) developed by Bechara et al. in 1994 is used to diagnose patients with Ventromedial Medial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPFC) lesions, and it has become a landmark in research on decision making. According to Bechara et al., the manipulation of progressive increments of monetary value can normalize the performance of patients with VMPFC lesions; thus, they developed a computerized version of the IGT. However, the empirical results showed that patients' performances did not improve as a result of this manipulation, which suggested that patients with VMPFC lesions performed my…

Who fails the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT)? Personality, neuropsychological, and near-infrared spectroscopy findings in healthy young controls.

The Iowa gambling task (IGT) was designed to assess clinically relevant decision-making impairment, yet some studies find high rates of failure in otherwise healthy control groups. The current study examined variables potentially related to IGT failure, including negative affect, intellect, personality, and executive functioning, in a well-screened sample of healthy young adults. In addition, cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) was assessed. Results indicated that those who failed the IGT had lower estimated intellect, made more commission errors on the 2-back task, and showed le…

Decision-making and cognitive abilities: A review of associations between Iowa Gambling Task performance, executive functions, and intelligence.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been used to study decision-making differences in many different clinical and developmental samples. It has been suggested that IGT performance captures abilities that are separable from cognitive abilities, including executive functions and intelligence. The purpose of the current review was to examine studies that have explicitly examined the relationship between IGT performance and these cognitive abilities. We included 43 studies that reported correlational analyses with IGT performance, including measures of inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting as …

Cigarette smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We followed a cohort of 31 336 women in Iowa who were aged 55 to 69 years in 1986 and who had no history of rheumatoid arthritis. Through 1997, 158 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were identified and validated based on review of medical records and supplementary information provided by physicians. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to derive rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between cigarette s…

Stress awareness and decision-making under uncertainty: Gender-specific effects of mild hypoxia in the Iowa Gambling Task.

Decision-making under uncertainty is a key cognitive function that is sensitive to acute stress. While prior studies have documented gender- … a systemic stressor that often goes unnoticed by individuals. Sixty-four participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) under normoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 20.9%) and mildly hypoxic (FiO2 = 14.1%) conditions, with participants either being informed or uninformed about the stressor. Results indicated that when participants were awa …

Unfulfilled and method-specific contraceptive preferences among reproductive-aged contraceptive users in Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsin.

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics associated with unfulfilled contraceptive preferences, document reasons for these unfulfilled preferences, and examine how these unfulfilled preferences vary across specific method users. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: We draw on secondary baseline data from 4660 reproductive-aged contraceptive users in the Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsin Surveys of Women (SoWs), state-representative surveys fielded between October 2018 and August 2020 across the four states. STUDY DESIGN: This is an observational cross-sectional study, which examined associat…

Iowa gambling task impairment in Parkinson's disease can be normalised by reduction of dopaminergic medication after subthalamic stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Impulse control disorders (ICD), including pathological gambling, are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and tend to improve after subthalamic (STN) stimulation after a marked reduction of dopaminergic medication. In order to investigate the effect of STN stimulation on impulsive decision making, we used the Iowa Gambling task (IGT). METHODS: We investigated IGT performance in 20 patients with PD before STN surgery with and without dopaminergic treatment and in 24 age-matched controls. All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological interview screening for behavioural disor…

Mirrored prominent deck B phenomenon: frequent small losses override infrequent large gains in the inverted Iowa Gambling Task.

Since Bechara et al. pioneered its development, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been widely applied to elucidate decision behavior and medial prefrontal function. Although most decision makers can hunch the final benefits of IGT, ventromedial prefrontal lesions generate a myopic choice pattern. Additionally, the Iowa group developed a revised IGT (inverted IGT, iIGT) to confirm the IGT validity. Each iIGT trial was generated from the trial of IGT by multiplying by a "-" to create an inverted monetary value. Thus, bad decks A and B in the IGT become good decks iA and iB in the iIGT; additional…

Epidemiologic findings on canine and feline intestinal nematode infections from records of the Iowa state University Veterinary Clinic.

A wealth of data was available on intestinal nematode infections of dogs and cats in the Ames, Iowa, practice area served by the Iowa State University Veterinary Clinic. From July 1966 through June 1974, 8.5% of 33,594 dogs and 4.5% of 11,995 cats hospitalized for 1 or more days were recorded as infected with at least 1 type of intestinal nematode. For both dogs and cats, infection rates were generally higher in males than in females and in those that were sexually intact, compared with those that were neutered. The highest prevalence of hookworm infections in both dogs and cats was recorded i…

Assessing microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and other contaminants of global concern in wadable agricultural streams in Iowa.

Microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and pesticides may lead to unintended environmental contamination through many pathways in multiple matrices. This statewide, multi-matrix study of contaminants of global concern (CGCs) in agricultural streams across Iowa (United States) is the first to examine multiple CGCs in water, bed sediment, and fish to understand their occurrence in small streams located in regions of intense agriculture activity. Iowa plays a pivotal role in agriculture, wi…

A Novel Approach to the Study of Pathophysiology in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).

Background: Myofunctional therapy has emerged as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) enables objective measurement of lingual and orofacial muscle strength, although it was originally designed for evaluating dysphagia. OSA is frequently associated with a hypotonic phenotype characterized by reduced strength in upper airway muscles, but its identification remains unclear. Objective: We evaluated the usefulness of IOPI measurements in identifying hypotonic phenotypes among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: We carri…

Gambling Associated Risk-taking Behaviors Correlate with Emotional Regulation and the Iowa Gambling Task but not Wisconsin Card Sorting.

It is not known why some novice gamblers eventually develop Gambling Disorder while most do not. This study tested predictions from two competing models of Gambling Disorder etiology: the Pathways Model of Problem and Pathological Gambling (Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) and the Allostatic Model of addictions (Koob & Schulkin, 2019) applied to Gambling Disorder. Participants were drawn from introductory psychology courses and screened as non-gamblers (N = 91). They completed computerized versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT-2), Wisconsin Sorting Task (WCST-64), and a Difficulties with Emotiona…

Increases in Emotional Intelligence After an Online Training Program Are Associated With Better Decision-Making on the Iowa Gambling Task.

Higher levels of emotional intelligence have been associated with better inter and intrapersonal functioning. In the present study, 59 healt … (i.e., they showed a faster learning rate) during an emotion-guided decision-making task (i.e., the Iowa Gambling Task). More specifically, although both groups showed similar performance at the start of the Iowa Gambling Task from pre- to posttraining, the participants in the emotional intelligence training group learned to choose more advantageous th …

Clinical Usefulness of the Iowa Gambling Task in Severe Alcohol Use Disorders: Link with Relapse and Cognitive-Physiological Deficits.

BACKGROUND: Decision-making impairments have been repeatedly evaluated in severe alcohol use disorders (SAUD) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The IGT, capitalizing on strong theoretical background and ecological significance, allowed identifying large-scale deficits in this population and is now a standard decision-making assessment in therapeutic settings. However, the clinical usefulness of the IGT, particularly regarding its ability to predict relapse and its link with key cognitive-physiological deficits, remains to be clarified. METHODS: Thirty-eight recently detoxified patients with…

The Impact of Executive Functions and Emotional Intelligence on Iowa Gambling Task Performance: Focus on Right Frontal Lobe Damage.

OBJECTIVE: Decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been intensively studied regarding both the "hot" and "cold" components. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is a key region involved in processing somatic marker information, though recent findings suggest dorsolateral regions are also important. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is also known as a substrate of executive functions-the cold component of decision-making. However, there is contradictory evidence about the role of executive functions, as well as the hot component of decision-making-emotional intelligence. Previous fin…

Serum BDNF levels in patients with gambling disorder are associated with the severity of gambling disorder and Iowa Gambling Task indices.

Background and aims Gambling disorder (GD) shares many similarities with substance use disorders (SUDs) in clinical, neurobiological, and neurocognitive features, including decision-making. We evaluated the relationships among, GD, decision-making, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as measured by serum BDNF levels. Methods Twenty-one male patients with GD and 21 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects were evaluated for associations between serum BDNF levels and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as well as between serum BDNF levels and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) indic…

Loss Frequency Versus Long-Term Outcome in Preschoolers' Decision Making on a Child Variant of the Iowa Gambling Task.

The current study explored the effect of loss frequency and long-term expected outcome on decision making in 86 preschoolers. Children were randomly assigned to 2 versions of a child-friendly Iowa Gambling Task. In the high-conflict condition, the deck with the highest long-term outcome also had the highest frequency of loss, whereas the deck with the lowest long-term outcome had the lowest frequency of loss, setting up a conflict between preference for lower frequency of loss and preference for a higher long-term outcome. In the low-conflict condition, the highest long-term outcome deck had t…

Differential contribution of isoaspartate post-translational modifications to the fibrillization and toxic properties of amyloid β and the Asn23 Iowa mutation.

Mutations within the Aβ (amyloid β) peptide, especially those clustered at residues 21-23, are linked to early-onset AD (Alzheimer's disease) and primarily associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The Iowa variant, a substitution of an aspartic acid residue for asparagine at position 23 (D23N), associates with widespread vascular amyloid and abundant diffuse pre-amyloid lesions significantly exceeding the incidence of mature plaques. Brain Iowa deposits consist primarily of a mixture of mutated and non-mutated Aβ species exhibiting partial aspartate isomerization at positions 1, 7 and 23. …

Горизонтальные, демографические, энтомологические и климатические связи с распространением вируса Западного Нила в штате Айова, США.

В 2001 году вирус Западного Нила (ВНН) создал угрозу для здоровья населения и ветеринарии в Соединенных Штатах Америки на Ближнем Востоке и продолжает ежегодно вызывать значительную заболеваемость и смертность. Для изучения биотических и абиотических факторов, связанных с заболеваемостью, случаи зарегистрированных заболеваний человека, вызванных вирусом Западного Нила (ВНВ) в штате Айова, были агрегированы по группам переписных участков в Айове за 2002-2006 годы. Пространственно четкие данные о ландшафте, демографических и климатических условиях компилировались и анализировались группами переп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) emerged as a threat to public and veterinary health in the Midwest United States in 2001 and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality annually. To investigate biotic and abiotic factors associated with disease incidence, cases of reported human disease caused by West Nile virus (WNV) in the state of Iowa were a…