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Tuberculosis screening and follow-up of asylum seekers in Norway: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: About 80% of new tuberculosis cases in Norway occur among immigrants from high incidence countries. On arrival to the country all asylum seekers are screened with Mantoux test and chest x-ray aimed to identify cases of active tuberculosis and, in the case of latent tuberculosis, to offer follow-up or prophylactic treatment.We assessed a national programme for screening, treatment and follow-up of tuberculosis infection and disease in a cohort of asylum seekers. METHODS: Asylum seekers >or= 18 years who arrived at the National Reception Centre from January 2005 to June 2006, were i

Prospective community-based cluster census and case-control study of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Obstetric complications and newborn illnesses amenable to basic medical interventions underlie most perinatal deaths. Yet, despite good access to maternal and newborn care in many transitional countries, perinatal mortality is often not monitored in these settings. The present study identified risk factors for perinatal death and the level and causes of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Baseline and follow-up censuses with prospective monitoring of pregnant women and newborns from September 2001 to August 2002 were conducted in 83 randomly selected clusters of 30

Echoes of conflict and displacement in maternal health: Life-course violence, timing, and maternal stress after childbirth at the northern Thailand-Myanmar border.

Armed conflict, displacement, and related violence is escalating globally, concentrated among civilians and migrants in border areas, and poses grave harms to women and children. The current study investigates how women's life-course experiences of conflict and displacement are linked to maternal stress and health outcomes after childbirth at the Thailand-Myanmar border, specifically stress, mental health, and cardiometabolic outcomes. Analyses are based on a cross-sectional population-based maternal and child health survey of 701 mothers, collected in 2017-18 in northern Thailand along the My

Idiopathic hip chondrolysis: a case report of a Caucasian HLA-B27 positive adolescent with a history of long walking.

Idiopathic hip chondrolysis is a rare disorder, the pathophysiology of which has not been fully elucidated. Several theories have been proposed regarding the cause of the disease with some of them involving autoimmune-mediated cartilage destruction. There are several similar features between idiopathic hip chondrolysis and rheumatologic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, so whether these two disorders are different or not is still debatable. This case report aims to help comprehending this complex disorder by presenting a case of idiopathic hip chondrolysis with apparent risk fact

Impact of forced displacement during World War II on the present-day mental health of the elderly: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The effects of traumatization among the elderly is a neglected topic in research and clinical settings. Forced displacement of civilians is one of the main traumatic features of modern armed conflict. Roughly 12 million German people were displaced in World War II (WWII) and to our knowledge there has been no representative study investigating the mental health outcomes of such trauma in the elderly population. The survey assessed whether current depression, anxiety, resilience and life satisfaction were significantly associated with forced displacement in WWII. METHODS: A nationw

Hepatitis B viral markers in Bushmen at Schmidtsdrift, South Africa: baseline studies for immunisation.

In an effort to control hepatitis B virus (HBV), the prevalence rates of the virus need to be ascertained in different regions or populations. As a baseline for a hepatitis B immunisation programme, the seroprevalence of HBV markers was determined in 400 San Bushmen from a community who were translocated from Northern Namibia to South Africa. HBsAg was detected in 6.8% while 57.0% showed one or more markers of HBV infection. The balance of the population (43.0%) showed no evidence of previous exposure to HBV. The HBV exposure rate of 57.0% is intermediate to high with reference to internationa

Important learning points for setting up a dental-oncology service in Ireland.

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… Oral health tends to be poorer in refugees and migrant populations alongside poorer psychological and health related quality of life [ 40 ]. … Asfari E, Rodriguez A, Dakessian A, Yuan S (2024) Exploring refugees’ experience of accessing dental health services in host countries: a scoping review. Front Oral Health 5:1328862 65. …

Prevalence of precancerous lesions and other cervical abnormalities among internally displaced women in Benue State Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: visual inspection is a low-cost screening strategy that can be used to prevent cervical cancer in women. These techniques can improve screening health outcomes for internally displaced women (IDW) who have poor sexual and reproductive health and rights' behaviors and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions and other clinical features using a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) technique during a cervical cancer screening campaign in two internally displaced people (IDP) camps in Benue State, Nigeria. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional

Barriers to mental health care utilization among internally displaced persons in the republic of Georgia: a rapid appraisal study.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of evidence on access to services for mental health and psychosocial support for conflict-affected populations in low- and middle-income countries. In the Republic of Georgia, rates of utilization of mental health services among internally displaced people with mental disorders are low. We set out to identify the health system barriers leading to this treatment gap. METHODS: We used rapid appraisal methods (collection and triangulation of multiple data sources) to investigate barriers to accessing mental health care services among adult IDPs in Georgia. Data col

The impact of post-election violence on HIV and other clinical services and on mental health-Kenya, 2008.

INTRODUCTION: In December 2007, civil disruption and violence erupted in Kenya following national elections, displacing 350,000 people and affecting supply chains and services. The Kenyan government and partners were interested in assessing the extent of disruption in essential health services, especially HIV treatment. METHODS: A two-stage cluster sampling for patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) was implemented ten weeks after elections, March 10-21, 2008, at twelve health facilities providing ART randomly selected in each of the three provinces most affected by post-election disrup

Insomnia in a displaced population is related to war-associated remembered stress.

Although traumatic events are presumed to cause sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, sleep in populations subjected to forced displacement has received little attention. The present study examined the prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Abkhazia 15 years after displacement to Tbilisi. Detailed subjective information about sleep-wake habits, sleep-related and stress-related parameters were obtained from 87 IDPs categorized into good sleepers and insomniacs. The Insomnia Severity Index, Perceived Stress Scale and Beck Depression Invento

Syphilis and HIV infection among displaced pregnant women in rural Mozambique.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among displaced pregnant women in Mozambique to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and syphilis. Between September 1992 and February 1993, 1728 consecutive antenatal attendees of 14 rural clinics in Zambézia were interviewed, examined, and tested for HIV and syphilis antibodies. The seroprevalence of syphilis and HIV were 12.2% and 2.9%, respectively. Reported sexual abuse was frequent (8.4%) but sex for money was uncommon. A positive MHA-TP result was significantly associated with unmarried status, history of past STD, HIV infection,

Reproductive violence in Morocco: Mixed-methods study to measure associations and experiences of reproductive violence among Moroccan and non-Moroccan women.

OBJECTIVES: Currently, there are no studies on the prevalence of reproductive violence (RV) in Morocco where religious and social norms impact women's reproductive autonomy. To inform the design of integrated gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programming, we conducted this study with the IPPF Member Association in Morocco (AMPF). The study aimed to measure the experiences of different forms of RV in Morocco, including those forms experienced by Moroccan and non-Moroccan women and girls. METHODS: This study employed mixed methods including a Delphi to agree o

Transformative interprofessional education and campus community partnerships to prepare the health professions workforce for advancing health equity.

INTRODUCTION: This paper presents work in the continuum of campus-community partnerships to train health science students to advance health equity. The authors share the development, implementation, and evaluation of "Interprofessional Approaches to Health Disparities" (IAHD), a course offered at the University of Illinois Chicago, a large, urban, public, academic institution. METHODS: The IAHD course focuses on selected vulnerable populations: Geriatrics, HIV/AIDS, Homelessness, Immigrant and Refugee Health, Incarcerated Populations, and Intimate Partner Violence. Health science students fro

"To make a positive difference": diverse youth perspectives on getting involved in mental health research.

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems amongst young people in the UK have been rising, yet many still do not receive appropriate support. Involving young people in research can lead to more inclusive services. However, certain groups of young people, including those from ethnic minority backgrounds, lower-income families, refugee, asylum-seeking and other immigrant backgrounds, non-native English speakers, disabled young people and those with long term health conditions remain under-represented in involvement in mental health research. Little research explores the perspectives of these young peop

Shifting respiratory pathogens: Post-COVID-19 trends in community-acquired infections in underserved communities.

Respiratory tract infections, caused by various bacteria and viruses, pose a significant global health burden. In Lebanon, post-COVID-19 epidemiological data on respiratory infections remain scarce. To address this gap, this multicenter study investigates the epidemiology of community-acquired acute respiratory infections among children and adults in Tripoli, North Lebanon. From May 2023 to February 2024, nasopharyngeal samples were collected from outpatients with acute respiratory infections visiting hospitals and pediatric clinics in Tripoli. Samples were analyzed using BioFire® Respiratory

Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country.

BACKGROUND: Despite the undisputed benefits of breastfeeding, infants might become exposed to xenobiotics that could be excreted into breast milk following maternal exposure. This study was conducted to assess breastmilk cadmium levels among lactating women in Palestine, a resource-limited country. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of cadmium via breastmilk was also calculated and predictors of high breastmilk cadmium levels and high infant exposure via breastmilk were identified. METHODS: This multicenter study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical design. The lactating women were recruite