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Rapidly Progressive Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Atypical Metastatic Pattern-A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Background and Clinical Significance: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy with increasing incidence among elderly, immunocompromised patients or individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Case Presentation: We present the case of an 84-year-old Caucasian male with no history of immunosuppression, who was admitted for asthenia, dysphagia, weight loss, and generalized weakness. Clinical and imaging investigations revealed a violaceous tumor on the right arm and disseminated metastases affecting the liver, spleen, bones and lymph nodes. A liver

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients.

Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help

Oleocanthal as a Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Synergies for Precision Oncology.

Oleocanthal (OC), a secoiridoid phenolic compound exclusive to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has emerged as a promising nutraceutical with multifaceted anti-cancer properties. Despite its well-characterized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanistic breadth and translational potential of OC in oncology remain underexplored and fragmented across the literature. This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically analyzes recent advances in the molecular, pharmacological, and translational landscape of OC's anti-cancer activities, providing an integrative framework to bridge pr

Treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in the age of direct oral anticoagulants.

Anticoagulation for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be challenging due to complications-including bleeding and potential drug-drug interactions with chemotherapy-associated with vitamin K antagonists and inconvenience of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could partially overcome these issues, but until recently there were no large clinical trials assessing their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. This review summarizes clinical treatment guidelines, prior clinical and real-world evidence for anticoagulant choice, recent clinical tri

Antifibrotic therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are a ubiquitous condition estimated to affect over 50% of men over the age of 50 years. Various treatment options exist for men presenting with LUTS/BPH, including lifestyle and behavioral modification and medical or surgical treatment. Although multiple medical treatments exist, innovation for the medical treatment of BPH has not significantly progressed. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review was performed to evaluate prostate fibrosis as a contributor to LUTS/BPH and to identify potential anti

Canine Gastric Cancer: Current Treatment Approaches.

Human gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The incidence of GC is lower in dogs than in humans, accounting for less than 1% of all canine malignancies. In recent years, efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of GC and in find an appropriate therapy to maximize curative results, such as adjuvant chemotherapy treatments in addition to surgery. Although surgery is the first-line treatment, it is associated with several complications. In terms of chemotherapeutic intervention, canine gastric c

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Their Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin in Cancer.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane cell-surface proteins that act as signal transducers. They regulate essential cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism. RTK alteration occurs in a broad spectrum of cancers, emphasising its crucial role in cancer progression and as a suitable therapeutic target. The use of small molecule RTK inhibitors however, has been crippled by the emergence of resistance, highlighting the need for a pleiotropic anti-cancer agent that can replace or be used in combination with existing pharmacological agents to enhan

Resveratrol Nanoformulations for Cancer Management: A Comprehensive Review of Disease-Specific Strategies and Clinical Translational Barriers.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies that reduce systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic stilbenoid, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and chemosensitizing activities. However, its clinical translation is limited by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, rapid metabolic clearance, and consequently low systemic bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems provide a promising strategy to address these limitations. This review s

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… SLNs provide a structurally stable lipid-based option for CRC-oriented RES delivery, particularly where protection during gastrointestinal transit and sustained colonic release are required. …

Research Progress in Pharmacological Targeted Therapy for Myasthenia Gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder of neuromuscular junction transmission that is mediated by autoantibodies and depends on T cell help, causing fatigable muscle weakness. Limitations of conventional first-line treatments, including long-term adverse effects and inadequate control of refractory disease, have driven targeted therapy to the forefront of MG research. This narrative review summarizes second-line and later-line targeted biological and cellular therapies, covering agents directedat B and T cells, complement inhibitors, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonists and cytokine inhibitor

Prioritising systemic cancer therapies applying ESMO's tools and other resources to assist in improving cancer care globally: the Kazakh experience.

BackgroundIn Kazakhstan, cancer is the second leading cause of death with a major public health and economic burden. In the last decade, cancer care and cancer medicine costs have significantly increased. To improve the efficiency and efficacy of cancer care expenditure and planning, the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health requested assistance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) to review its systemic cancer treatment protocols and essential medicines list and identify high-impact, effective regimens.Materials and methodsESMO developed a four

Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Patients With Active Malignancies.

BackgroundThere are limited data to guide oncology and cardiology decision-making in patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and concurrent active malignancy.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to describe cancer treatment approaches, complications, and survival among patients with active cancer on LVAD support in 2 tertiary heart failure and oncology programs.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, LVAD databases were reviewed to identify patients with a cancer diagnosis at the time of or after LVAD implantation. We created a 3:1 matched cohort based on age, sex, etiology of

An Unusual Case of Extracavitary/Solid Variant Primary Effusion Lymphoma With Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive large B-cell lymphoma variant that is invariably associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and its oncogenicity is often augmented by coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus. It typically presents as a serous effusion in body cavities without detectable solid tumors. The extracavitary variant of PEL may represent a diagnostic challenge. A 37-year-old man with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of a mediastinal mass

Molecular chess? Hallmarks of anti-cancer drug resistance.

BackgroundThe development of resistance is a problem shared by both classical chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Patients may respond well at first, but relapse is inevitable for many cancer patients, despite many improvements in drugs and their use over the last 40 years.ReviewResistance to anti-cancer drugs can be acquired by several mechanisms within neoplastic cells, defined as (1) alteration of drug targets, (2) expression of drug pumps, (3) expression of detoxification mechanisms, (4) reduced susceptibility to apoptosis, (5) increased ability to repair DNA damage, and (6) altered prolife

Метаболизм триптофана в области диагностических и внегигиенических заболеваний: механизмы, клинические последствия и терапевтические перспективы.

Метаболизм триптофана (Trp) лежит на пересечении питания, микробиотики кишечника, мукосовой иммунологии и системных процессов воспаления, которые играют ключевую роль во многих желудочно-кишечных и внекишечных заболеваниях. Трап представляет собой важнейшую аминокислоту, получаемую с помощью рациона питания. Помимо своей роли в синтезе белка, он метаболизируется по трем основным направлениям: кинуреньиновый путь, серотонин/мелатонин, и микробный метаболизм в кишечнике, ведущий к индолу и связанным с ним производным. Кинуренинский путь представляет собой основной путь деградации Trp и тесно свя

ESMO / ASCO Recommendations for a Global Curriculum in Medical Oncology Edition 2016.

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) are publishing a new edition of the ESMO/ASCO Global Curriculum (GC) thanks to contribution of 64 ESMO-appointed and 32 ASCO-appointed authors. First published in 2004 and updated in 2010, the GC edition 2016 answers to the need for updated recommendations for the training of physicians in medical oncology by defining the standard to be fulfilled to qualify as medical oncologists. At times of internationalisation of healthcare and increased mobility of patients and physicians, the GC aims to p

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Hypophosphatemic rickets: diagnosis and treatment.

Hypophosphatemicrickets (HR) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal phosphate wasting, impaired bone mineralization, and skeletal deformities. This narrative review provides an overview of phosphate homeostasis and the molecular mechanisms underlying HR, focusing on the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in regulating renal phosphate use and vitamin D metabolism. The clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of both FGF23-dependent and -independent forms of HR are discussed, including X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Mimicking Severe Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but life-threatening complication that may occur in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), particularly in the context of extensive drug exposure. In this population, TEN can closely resemble severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), making diagnosis and management challenging. Case presentation: We report the clinical course of an allo-HSCT recipient who developed a rapidly progressive skin rash early after transplantation, and we analyzed the clinical features, histopathology, treatment and ou

Missed Until Critical: Unravelling the Mystery of Persistent Hemolysis With a Definitive Diagnosis of Babesiosis.

Babesiosis is a parasitic protozoan infection caused primarily by Babesia microti in the United States. Its presentation can imitate that of malaria, which often leads to misdiagnosis. We present here a case of a 54-year-old female with multiple comorbidities, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, who was initially diagnosed with malaria but, with further investigation, was found to have babesiosis. The patient initially presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia, prompting an extensive and meticulous workup including a peripheral blood smear and autoimmune studies. From these tests, we wer

The interrelationship between prostate cancer and osteoporosis: new perspectives on shared molecular pathways and treatment strategies.

Osteoporosis is frequently regarded as a complication associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer. Nevertheless, a notably higher incidence of osteoporosis has been observed in prostate cancer patients even in the absence of ADT, when compared to age-matched healthy individuals. This phenomenon is likely attributable to the synergistic effects of aging, chronic inflammation, and tumor-related factors, which collectively contribute to accelerated bone loss in this population. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that signaling pathways such as RANKL/RAN