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Резюме докладов 38th - ежегодное собрание общества общей внутренней медицины.

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Роль микроглии в синаптогенезе, синаптической и синаптической пластичности в физиологических условиях и в нарушениях центральной нервной системы.

Микроглии являются постоянными иммунными клетками мозга, которые были широко изучены для их иммунного наблюдения и фагоцитоза. В последние годы постепенно признается важная роль микроглии в синапсовом образовании, ликвидации и пластичности. Синапсы являются основным режимом связи между нейронами. Они постоянно меняются в количестве и пластичности на протяжении всего жизненного цикла, который является основой обучения и памяти. Микроглии являются сильно мотилированными, ветковыми формами, которые осуществляют мониторинг микроокружающей среды центральной нервной системы (КНС) и поощряют синапсов

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… Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α promote the expression of chemokines such as CINC to increase the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes and directly increase BBB permeability, thereby aggravating angioedema and post-hemorrhage transformation [ 271 ]. …

Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. The diagnosis is typically clinical (there are no laboratory abnormalities) and the physician must concentrate on pain and on its features. Additional symptoms (e.g., Raynaud's phenomenon, irritable bowel disease, and heat and cold intolerance) can be associated with this condition. A careful differen

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… When taken with angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors it may cause angioedema. The recommended dose is 300–450 mg daily, but many patients respond to lower doses. A single low dose (50–75 mg) at bedtime is frequently employed initially. …

Genetic Regulation of Tryptase Production and Clinical Impact: Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia, Mastocytosis and Beyond.

Tryptase is a serine protease that is predominantly produced by tissue mast cells (MCs) and stored in secretory granules together with other pre-formed mediators. MC activation, degranulation and mediator release contribute to various immunological processes, but also to several specific diseases, such as IgE-dependent allergies and clonal MC disorders. Biologically active tryptase tetramers primarily derive from the two genes TPSB2 (encoding β-tryptase) and TPSAB1 (encoding either α- or β-tryptase). Based on the most common gene copy numbers, three genotypes, 0α:4β, 1α:3β and 2α:2β, were defi

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… The most frequent clinical symptoms of a further 70 patients diagnosed with HαT were urticaria or angioedema, skin flushing and abdominal symptoms, occurring with diverse severity and variable penetrance within two families (1 with TPSAB1 α-quintuplication and 1 with TPSAB1 α-triplication). …

Cellular Senescence and the Kidney: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Tools.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health burden (affecting approximately 13.4% of the population). Currently, no curative treatment options are available and treatment is focused on limiting the disease progression. The accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the development of kidney fibrosis by limiting tissue rejuvenation and through the secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The clearance of senescent cells in aging models results in improved kidney function, which shows promise for the op

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… These side effects include insulin resistance, glomerular dysfunction, dyslipidemia, hematologic side effects (anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia), mucositis, pneumonitis, lymphedema, angioedema, and osteonecrosis. …

Antibody-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.

In recent years, antibody-based cancer therapy has emerged as one of the efficient therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), multi-specific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, among others. To date, various drug delivery platforms have been developed to improve the bioavailability, delivery convenience, and reduced toxicity towards increased therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. Herein, we emphasize the clinical manifestations of various antibody-based tumor therapies, highlighting their m

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… In recent times, antibodies have emerged as one of the predominant therapeutic options for various ailments such as cancer, migraine headaches, infection, asthma, arthritis, Crohn's disease, transplant rejection, psoriasis, and hereditary angioedema, among others 1 . …

C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians.

The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of

The Danish health care system and epidemiological research: from health care contacts to database records.

Denmark has a large network of population-based medical databases, which routinely collect high-quality data as a by-product of health care provision. The Danish medical databases include administrative, health, and clinical quality databases. Understanding the full research potential of these data sources requires insight into the underlying health care system. This review describes key elements of the Danish health care system from planning and delivery to record generation. First, it presents the history of the health care system, its overall organization and financing. Second, it details d

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… 2001 | Ongoing | Danish Cancer in Primary Care (CaP) cohort 39 | 2004 | — | 2010 | Danish Heart Statistics 40 | 2006 | 2006 | Ongoing | Danish National Diabetes Registry 41 | 2006 | 2006 | Ongoing 2010s | Danish National Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) Cohort 42 | 2010 | 2010 | Ongoing | Danish Hereditary Angioedema …

Heart Failure in Older Patients: An Update.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high incidence and prevalence and high morbidity and death rate, even in the short term, representing a serious public health issue, mainly in older people. It is a growing cause for hospital admission in this age group, being frequently associated with several comorbidities, further aggravating the disease's course. Moreover, older HF patients are usually affected by clinical conditions, like frailty, malnutrition, and cachexia, which significantly impact the overall management of HF and need to be properly identified and treated. Diagnosing and

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… ; 1563 subjects aged ≥75 years) demonstrated the superiority of the ARNI sacubitril/valsartan compared to enalapril in reducing hospitalizations for HF exacerbation, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with HFrEF [ 22 ], without a significant increase in the risk of severe angioedema …

Current landscape of gene-editing technology in biomedicine: Applications, advantages, challenges, and perspectives.

The expanding genome editing toolbox has revolutionized life science research ranging from the bench to the bedside. These "molecular scissors" have offered us unprecedented abilities to manipulate nucleic acid sequences precisely in living cells from diverse species. Continued advances in genome editing exponentially broaden our knowledge of human genetics, epigenetics, molecular biology, and pathology. Currently, gene editing-mediated therapies have led to impressive responses in patients with hematological diseases, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. With the discovery of more e

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… Photoreceptor cells | CEP290 | 18 | CRISPR‐Cas9 | AAV | I/II | NCT03872479 | Recruiting Others | Kabuki syndrome 1 | Mesenchymal stem cells | KMT2D | 8 | CRISPR‐Cas9 | / | NA | NCT03855631 | Completed Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome | iPSCs | CREBBP | 154 | CRISPR‐Cas9 | / | NA | NCT04122742 | Recruiting Hereditary angioedema …

Recent advances in antiemetics: new formulations of 5HT3-receptor antagonists.

PurposeTo discuss new therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) involving 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3)-receptor antagonists (RAs).SummaryCINV remains poorly controlled in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC); nausea and delayed-phase CINV (24-120 hours after chemotherapy) are the most difficult to control. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) antiemesis-guideline recommendations for HEC include a four-drug regimen (5HT3 RA, neurokinin 1 [

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… anaphylaxis and ISRs, have been reported from postmarketing experience with palonosetron IV. 34 Rare and sometimes severe cases of hypersensitivity have been reported with IV granisetron (eg, anaphylaxis, hypotension, shortness of breath, and urticaria) 25 and ondansetron IV (eg, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema …

Waldenström macroglobulinemia: clinical and immunological aspects, natural history, cell of origin, and emerging mouse models.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare and currently incurable neoplasm of IgM-expressing B-lymphocytes that is characterized by the occurrence of a monoclonal IgM (mIgM) paraprotein in blood serum and the infiltration of the hematopoietic bone marrow with malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. The symptoms of patients with WM can be attributed to the extent and tissue sites of tumor cell infiltration and the magnitude and immunological specificity of the paraprotein. WM presents fascinating clues on neoplastic B-cell development, including the recent discovery of a specific gain-of-function

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… Neuropathies, which are caused in part by immunoreactivity of IgM to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) [ 21 ], IgM-mediated glomerulonephritis, angioedema, and acquired von Willebrand disease have all been reported. …

Infectious Diseases

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… penicillin allergy (LR+ 1.9, LR− 0.5) Types of Allergic Reactions ★ ACID ★ A ntibody-mediated (IgE), C ytotoxic (antibody-dependent), I mmune-complex-mediated, D elayed hypersensitivity reaction type I —immediate <1 h, IgE antibodies mediated, anaphylaxis, hypotension, laryngeal edema, wheezing, angioedema …

Antibodies to watch in 2022.

In this 13th annual installment of the annual 'Antibodies to Watch' article series, we discuss key events in commercial antibody therapeutics development that occurred in 2021 and forecast events that might occur in 2022. Regulatory review of antibody therapeutics that target the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus proceeded at an unprecedented pace in 2021, resulting in both emergency use authorizations and full approvals for sotrovimab, regdanvimab, REGEN-COV2, as well as others, in numerous countries. As of November 1, a total of 11 antibody therapeutics had been granted first approvals in either the Un

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… Immune-mediated disorders category includes asthma; the genetic disorders are Muckle–Wells syndrome, X-linked hypophosphatemia, hereditary angioedema attacks, and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. … Immune-mediated disorders category includes asthma; the genetic disorders are Muckle–Wells syndrome, X-linked hypophosphatemia, hereditary angioedema attacks, and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. …

Abstracts from the 53rd European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) Conference: e-Posters.

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Infectious Diseases

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Hematology

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… cholangitits genitourinary —acute interstitial nephritis, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, eosinophilic cystitis, eosinophilic prostatitis rheumatologic —eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome and idiopathic eosinophilic synovitis, Churg–Strauss syndrome dermatologic —eosinophilic panniculitis, episodic angioedema …

Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, characterized by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphoid precursors. The distinction between B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) is fundamental, as each subtype exhibits distinct cytomorphological, genetic, and clinical features influencing prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Conventional multi-phase chemotherapy has significantly improved survival rates, yet its efficacy is limited by severe short- and long-term toxicities, highlighting the need for more selective therapeutic approaches. Advances in mole

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… Clinical manifestations range from mild cutaneous symptoms to severe systemic responses, including urticaria, bronchospasm, angioedema, and hypotension. …

Review of COVID-19 Therapeutics by Mechanism: From Discovery to Approval.

The global research and pharmaceutical community rapidly mobilized to develop treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Existing treatments have been repurposed and new drugs have emerged. Here we summarize mechanisms and clinical trials of COVID-19 therapeutics approved or in development. Two reviewers, working independently, reviewed published data for approved COVID-19 vaccines and drugs, as well as developmental pipelines, using databases from the following organizations: United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), Japanese Pharmaceutical

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… Targeting multiple inflammatory cascades with conestat alfa could lead to clinical improvement in patients with severe COVID-19. 91 Conestat alfa received FDA approval for treating hereditary angioedema in 2014 and is under development for treating COVID-19. …

Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress.

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