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Высоконасыщенная, длинноцепная жирная кислотная кетогенная диета негативно влияет на визуальную и моторно-сенсорную функцию в предклинической модели множественного склероза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой нейродегенеративное состояние, приводящее к демилеляции центральной нервной системы. Визуальное расстройство, уменьшение слоя сетчатки нервно-паралитического слоя и нарушение электрической функции в клетках сетчатки на протяжении всего периода развития болезни являются полезными маркерами успеха лечения. Текущие исследования, посвященные изучению воздействия кетогенного рациона (КД) в качестве котерапии, показывают многообещающие антивоспалительные свойства, однако исследования по-прежнему ограничены различиями в экспериментальной структу

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… .% monounsaturated fat, and 19% polyunsaturated fat, with the majority of the fatty acids being long chain fatty acids such as oleic acid (C18:1), stearic acid (C18), palmitic acid (C16:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). … The KD used in our own study was obtained from Research Diets and consisted of multiple long chain fatty acids, the majority being oleic acid (C18:1) followed by stearic acid (C18), palmitic acid (C16:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). …

Identification of Novel Sphydrofuran-Derived Derivatives with Lipid-Lowering Activity from the Active Crude Extracts of Nocardiopsis sp. ZHD001.

Lipid-lowering is one of the most effective methods of prevention and treatment for cardiovascular diseases. However, most clinical lipid-lowering drugs have adverse effects and cannot achieve the desired efficacy in some complex hyperlipidemia patients, so it is of great significance to develop safe and effective novel lipid-lowering drugs. In the course of our project aimed at discovering the chemical novelty and bioactive natural products of marine-derived actinomycetes, we found that the organic crude extracts (OCEs) of Nocardiopsis sp. ZHD001 exhibited strong in vivo efficacies in reducin

Exploring Human Brain Metabolism via Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling with Highlights on Multiple Sclerosis.

Cerebral dysfunctions give rise to a wide range of neurological diseases due to the structural and functional complexity of the human brain stemming from the interactive cellular metabolism of its specific cells, including neurons and glial cells. In parallel with advances in isolation and measurement technologies, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have become a powerful tool in the studies of systems biology to provide critical insights into the understanding of sophisticated eukaryotic systems. In this study, brain cell-specific GEMs were reconstructed for neurons, astrocytes, microglia,

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… Fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis start with acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA, respectively. 34 , 35 In fatty acid metabolism, acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are converted to palmitic acid. …

An expanding horizon of complex injectable products: development and regulatory considerations.

There has been a constant evolution in the pharmaceutical market concerning the new technologies imbibed in delivering drug substances for various indications. This is either market-driven or technology-driven to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy and patients' quality of life. The pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid growth in the area of complex injectable products because of their effectiveness in the unmet market. These novel parenteral products, viz, the nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, suspensions, and emulsions, have proven their worth as "Safe and Effective" produ

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… These lipids are primarily composed of various fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid [ 87 ]. …

Метаболомическое исследование синдромов миэлодипластика, множественной миеломы и гомозиговой β-Талассемии.

Хроническая анемия, как правило, диагностируется у пожилых людей и служит важным показателем как реактивных, так и клональных заболеваний. Многие основные заболевания, такие, как миэллодипластические синдромы и множественная миелома, более распространены среди пожилых людей, в то время как новые терапевтические подходы превратили педиатрические расстройства слабого прогноза, такие, как бета-талассемия, в хроническое заболевание пожилых людей. Таким образом, растущая распространенность хронической анемии в пожилом возрасте в значительной степени объясняется более частыми диагностическими и тера

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… Palmitic acid, a common saturated fatty acid which is involved in energy production and apoptosis, demonstrated elevated levels, potentially contributing to early red blood cell degradation [ 164 , 166 ]. … Metabolism pathway analysis revealed that linoleic acid, glycerolipid, and fatty acid metabolism were mostly affected in patients with alterations in metabolites including linoleic acid, glycerol, and palmitic acid [ 176 ]. …

Close interactions between lncRNAs, lipid metabolism and ferroptosis in cancer.

Abnormal lipid metabolism including synthesis, uptake, modification, degradation and transport has been considered a hallmark of malignant tumors and contributes to the supply of substances and energy for rapid cell growth. Meanwhile, abnormal lipid metabolism is also associated with lipid peroxidation, which plays an important role in a newly discovered type of regulated cell death termed ferroptosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to be associated with the occurrence and progression of cancer. Growing evidence indicates that lncRNAs are key regulators of abnormal lipid metabo

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… For example, cholesterol regulates lncRNA HULC to promote liver cancer progression, palmitic acid regulates lncRNA UCA1 to promote gastric cancer metastasis, and PLD regulates lncRNA ANRIL to exert an anti-large cell lung cancer effect. … It has been reported that palmitic acid can promote the nuclear transport of FABP5, thereby increasing the nucleoprotein level of SP1 190 . SP1 can bind to the promoter of lncRNA UCA1 to increase the expression of UCA1 191 . …

Количественная оценка холестерина в мозговой и спинной кордах во время развития, обезвоживания и ремиелинации.

Хлестерин в центральной нервной системе (КНС) в значительной степени неэстерифицирован (>99%) и присутствует главным образом в миелинской оболочке (~70% от общего количества холестерина CNS). Однако во время неврологических заболеваний наблюдалось накопление холестерина. В этом поперечном исследовании мы измерили уровень свободного холестерина и холестерина эстера в мозгу и спинные мозги модели мыши Plp1-iCKO-Myrf во время послеродовой миелиации, демиелинации и ремиелиции с использованием газовой хроматографии-массы спектрометрии с одним ионным мониторингом (GC-MS-SIM) и жидкой хроматографии-м

Processes and therapeutic perspectives of acylation modifications of lysine and cysteine in tumors.

Acylation modification plays a crucial role in tumor progression through altering protein homeostasis and localization. However, a comprehensive summary of these processes is lacking. Protein acylation modifications are comprehensively summarized and categorized based on the amino acids that are modified. This review focuses on modifications of the lysine (acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, malonylation, and glutarylation) and cysteine (myristoylation and palmitoylation) groups. The key enzymes involved in the occurrence and erasure of different modifications, as well as their effects

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… The covalent attachment of 16-carbon palmitic acid to amino acid residues increases protein hydrophobicity; affects protein distribution, localization, and secretion; and regulates protein stability. Palmitic acid binds to proteins at different residues. … S-palmitoylation involves the binding of palmitic acid to cysteine residues through thioester bonds. O- and N-palmitoylation involve the binding of palmitic acid to serine residues and amino termini of proteins, respectively. …

Clinical antitumor application and pharmacological mechanisms of Dahuang Zhechong Pill.

Cancer still has elevated morbidity and mortality, which undoubtedly impacts the life quality of affected individuals. Remarkable advances have been made in cancer therapy, although the toxicities of traditional therapies remain an obvious challenge. Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP), developed by Zhongjing Zhang in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, represents an effective anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, it was found that DHZCP is therapeutically utilized in liver, lung, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers in clinic. Pharmacological evidence showed that its anti-

Integrating Nature Into Oncology: Enhancing Hematological Malignancies Therapies With Natural Medicine.

Hematological malignancies are complex clonal disorders that pose a significant threat to human health. Current treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation, have demonstrated efficacy but are often limited by side effects, drug resistance, and suboptimal cure rates. Natural medicines, as key elements of complementary and alternative medicine, exhibit considerable potential in combating hematological cancers. Particularly when used in combination with conventional therapies, they can enhance treatment efficacy and reverse drug resis

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… These findings suggest that palmitic acid represents a potential new therapeutic target and a promising research direction for DLBCL treatment [ 38 ]. AML is a malignant proliferative disorder originating from myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. … Li W., Gao M., Xue W., et al., “Palmitic Acid Reduces the Methylation of the FOXO1 Promoter to Suppress the Development of Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma via Modulating the miR‐429/DNMT3A Axis,” Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 22 (2024): 554–567. 39. …

Биомаркеры по исследованиям в области клинической медицины: исследование литературы в базе данных PubMed и критическая оценка.

Биомаркер, короткая форма "биологического маркера", появилась в научной литературе в 1940-х годах. С тех пор было предложено множество различных определений, однако общеприменимое объяснение термина " биомаркер " в науке является чрезвычайно сложным. Слово "биомаркер" встречается в 1.3 million статьи в научной базе данных PubMed , которая в настоящее время включает более 39 million Ссылки на биомедицинскую литературу. Биомаркеры тесно связаны со здоровьем и болезнями человека. В настоящей статье делается попытка подойти к многогранному термину "биомаркет" и оценить его с клинической

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… These authors concluded that these potential biomarkers in plasma, e.g., palmitic acid, linoleic acid and 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be helpful in the diagnosis or further study of diabetes mellitus. … Kong et al. [ 81 ] found elevated concentrations of pyroglutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. …

Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity to subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as monitoring treatments. The lack of early biomarkers could lead to poor diagnosis and serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring methods with high specificity and selectivity are desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has b

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… acid Generation of reactive oxygen species Aortic aneurysm Hongtu Cui et al. 164 1705 Plasma Function UPLC-MS Succinate p38a/CREB/OGDH axis UPLC-MS ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, LC-MS liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, … In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a panel of three small metabolites including creatine, proline, and palmitic acid can exhibit a beneficial performance for distinguishing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from benign pancreatic neoplasms or healthy controls. 539 A study has focused on characterizing …

Research progress on the anti-cancer mechanisms of edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica.

Edible salty-flavored Chinese materia medica (ESCM) refers to a category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that also serve as food, characterized by their salty flavor. According to the TCM theory, ESCM can soften and disperse knots, thus potentially offering benefits for cancer prevention and treatment. With cancer remaining a major global health challenge, its primary prevention strategies, especially through dietary modification, are crucial. ESCM have recently garnered substantial attention, due to their remarkable clinical efficacy and low side-effect profile. Researches on ESCM demon

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… Kunbu features eckol, fucoxanthin, and palmitic acid. Juemingzi showcases chrysin, daidzin, galangin, isoquercitrin, juglanin, and quercetin. Shijueming displays two shells. Walengzi includes shells and N6 isopentenyl adenosine. Muli, Biejia, and Guijia show different shell types. … Palmitic acid (PA) suppresses colorectal cancer cell viability in vitro and in vivo by inducing ER stress. …

Metabolomics for hematologic malignancies: Advances and perspective.

With the use of advanced technology, metabolomics allows for a thorough examination of metabolites and other small molecules found in biological specimens, blood, and tissues. In recent years, metabolomics has been recognized that is closely related to the development of malignancies in the hematological system. Alterations in metabolomic pathways and networks are important in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies and can also provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, accurate staging, and individualized targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the prog

Assessment of the availability of repurposed orphan drugs in India.

India has a massive burden of rare diseases (RDs), with an estimated 96 million people living with RDs but limited options for treatment. Repurposing drugs used for other common conditions are essential alternative for RDs due to their cost-effectiveness and reduced timeline. India's patent regime prevents the evergreening of drugs, and a large generic manufacturing industry provides ample opportunity to explore the potential of repurposed drugs for treating RDs, known as repurposed orphan drugs (ROD). However, there is no portal or other source for information on orphan drugs in India. This s

Sorcin: a novel potential target in therapies of cancers.

Soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin) is a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family. Sorcin is widely distributed in normal human tissues, such as the brain, heart, lymphocytes, kidneys, breast and skin. Findings suggest that sorcin is associated with the regulation of calcium homeostasis, cell cycle and vesicle trafficking. It has been reported that many types of non-neoplastic diseases such as diabetes, viral infection, infertility, and nervous system diseases were affected by the expression of sorcin. One of the main issues is the role of sorcin in neoplastic disease

SMAD2 S-palmitoylation promotes its linker region phosphorylation and TH17 cell differentiation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

The transcriptional regulators SMAD2 and SMAD3 share the same primary signaling pathway in response to the cytokine TGFβ. However, whereas SMAD2 stimulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into proinflammatory T helper 17 cells (TH17 cells), SMAD3 stimulates the differentiation of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Here, we report a dynamic SMAD2-specific posttranslational modification important for TH17 cell differentiation. SMAD2, but not SMAD3, was reversibly S-palmitoylated at cysteine-41 and cysteine-81 by the palmitoyltransferase DHHC7 and depalmitoylated by the

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… We used metabolic labeling with Alk14, an alkyne-tagged palmitic acid analog, followed by TAMRA-azide conjugation through click chemistry and in-gel fluorescence to detect SMAD2/3 palmitoylation. …

The Mediterranean Diet, a Rich Source of Angiopreventive Compounds in Cancer.

Diet-based chemoprevention of cancer has emerged as an interesting approach to evade the disease or even target its early phases, reducing its incidence or slowing down tumor progression. In its basis in the essential role of angiogenesis for tumor growth and metastasis, angioprevention proposes the use of inhibitors of angiogenesis in cancer prevention. The anti-angiogenic potential exhibited by many natural compounds contained in many Mediterranean diet constituents makes this dietary pattern especially interesting as a source of chemopreventive agents, defined within the angioprevention str

Habb-e-Asgandh Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma Cells (RPMI8226).

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the anti-neoplastic properties of Habb-e-Asgandh in multiple myeloma cells (RPMI8226).MethodsMultiple myeloma cells (RPMI8226) were cultured according to the ATCC's instruction. The anti-proliferative effect of HeA was assessed by MTT assay and proliferating cellnuclear antigen (PCNA) activity. Cell cycle analysis, cellular apoptosis, and mitochondria membrane potential analysis was done by flow cytometry. Total antioxidants, migratory potential, angiogenesis and inflammatory biomarkers were also estimated after treatment of RPMI8226 with HeA.Results

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… Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer Res. 2002;22:2587–90. Jayaprakasam B, Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Nair MG. Growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from Withania somnifera leaves. …

Аккумулирование опустошающих липидов в Arf1-Ablanted Neurorons способствует нейродегенерации с помощью mtDNA и активации воспаляющих путей в Микроглии.

В нейронах и глиальных клетках были обнаружены липидные метаболические расстройства у пациентов с нейродегенеративной (ND) и животных. Однако патологическая связь между липидными капельками и НУ остается слабой. Недавняя работа высветила полезность модели мыши Arf1-knockout с учетом особенностей нейронов и соответствующих клеток для разъяснения связи между расстройствами липидного метаболизма и амиотропическим боковым склерозом (ALS) и множественным склерозом (MS). В этом исследовании было установлено, что недостача арф1 вызвала первичный синтез избытка жирной кислоты через ось АКТ-mTORC1-SREB

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… Subsequently, seven molecules of malonyl‐CoA and one molecule of acetyl‐CoA undergo a series of cyclic reactions catalyzed by Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), culminating in the synthesis of palmitic acid. [ 48 , 49 , 50 ] This study emphasizes the role of initial lipid synthesis in neurodegenerative … Based on our results, we hypothesize that in the absence of Arf1, there may be an induction of massive lipid synthesis, wherein FASN‐generated palmitic acid can serve as a precursor for sphingolipid synthesis, thereby further triggering a substantial production of sphingolipids. …