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:: 8th Европейский конгресс фармацевтики: выдержки из выступлений

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… Damage to the blood-brain barrier facilitates the passage of drugs that normally do not cross the blood-brain barrier; diseases in which the blood-brain barrier is damaged (e.g., multiple sclerosis, malignant brain tumors, and meningitis) may facilitate direct neurotoxic drug effects. … Neuroinflammation has been also implicated in various neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. (2) Indirect mechanisms (neurotoxicity due to drug-induced disturbances of other organs) that is, dizziness, syncope, cerebral ischemia from drug-induced …

At-Home Care Program for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Induction Phase in Patients Treated with Venetoclax-Based Low-Intensity Regimens.

Background: Even though venetoclax in combination with azacitidine (VenAza) is considered a low-intensity regimen, its patients present a high incidence of cytopenia and infections during the first courses, making the initial management a challenging phase. Methods: This difficulty in our center led to the establishment of an At-Home (AH) program for ramp-up and follow-up patients during the VenAza combination induction phase focused on therapy administration, patient and caregiver education, and management of adverse events (AEs). A total of 70 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leuk

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… Validity and variability of the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test in patients with multiple sclerosis. Disabil. Rehabil. 2012;34:2251–2258. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.683479. 27. …

Systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated immune responses and autoantibody production, which affects multiple organs and varies in clinical presentation and disease severity. The development of SLE is intricate, encompassing dysregulation within the immune system, a collapse of immunological tolerance, genetic susceptibilities to the disease, and a variety of environmental factors that can act as triggers. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of SLE and focuses on the progress

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… Initially granted approval for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2009, it subsequently gained approval for use in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2020. …

Global perspectives on lupus nephritis: a review of clinical trials and therapeutic innovations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lupus nephritis (LN) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although recent years have witnessed the approval of several targeted therapies, achieving long-term, drug-free remission remains challenging. This commentary evaluates the global landscape of interventional LN clinical trials from 2001 to 2026 to identify emerging trends and strategic gaps in drug development. METHODS: We analyzed 200 interventional pharmacological trials retrieved from three major global registries: ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinadrugtrials.org

B12 as a Treatment for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review.

Neuropathic pain describes a range of unpleasant sensations caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. The sensations caused by neuropathic pain are debilitating and improved treatment regimens are sought in order to improve the quality of life of patients. One proposed treatment for neuropathic pain is vitamin B12, which is thought to alleviate pain by a number of mechanisms including promoting myelination, increasing nerve regeneration and decreasing ectopic nerve firing. In this paper, the evidence for B12 as a drug treatment for neuropathic pain is reviewed. Twenty

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… Aetiologies of primarily neuropathic pain include peripheral pathologies such as chronic alcohol consumption, cancer, drug toxicity, diabetes mellitus, herpes zoster infection, traumatic nerve injuries, as well as central processes including cerebrovascular accidents, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord …

Ribosome Biogenesis and Function in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapy.

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly coordinated, multi-step process that assembles the ribosomal machinery responsible for translating mRNAs into proteins. It begins with the rate-limiting step of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription of the 47S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes within a specialised nucleolar region in the nucleus, followed by rRNA processing, modification, and assembly with ribosomal proteins and the 5S rRNA produced by Pol III. The ribosomal subunits are then exported to the cytoplasm to form functional ribosomes. This process is tightly regulated by the PI3K/RAS/MYC oncogenic network

Association of functional IL16 polymorphisms with cancer and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis.

IntroductionInterleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemotactic cytokine that is found to increase in Cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL16 were associated with diseases. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate possible associations between IL16 rs4778889, rs11556218, rs4072111, and rs1131445 SNPs and the risk for cancer or CVD.Materials and methodsThis study was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed, and a meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsThe

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… The Association of Interleukin-16 Gene Polymorphisms with IL-16 Serum Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis . Immunol Invest . 2017 . [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1080/08820139.2016.1268154 . 28151028 50. Xue H , Gao L , Wu Y , Fang W , Wang L , Li C , Li Y , Liang W , Zhang L . …

Роль микробиомы в множестве миелом: новые знания и терапевтические возможности.

Множественная миелома — гематологический рак, описываемый распространением плазменных клеток в костном мозге, что вызывает иммунную дисфункцию и другие аномалии. Микробиом кишечника, микробное сообщество в желудочно-кишечном тракте, было обнаружено, что он модифицирует системный иммунитет, воспаление и метаболизм. Хотя взаимосвязь между кишечным микробиомом и множеством миелома была обнаружена в недавних исследованиях, существует пробел в знаниях, связывающий воздействие микробиома на патогенез и лечение множественной миеломы. Несбалансированность в кишечном микробиоме, дисбиозе, может влиять

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… That is, dysbiosis of the microbiome has been associated with multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as IBD, multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting a role of the microbiome in inducing inflammatory changes on a systemic level [ 43 ]. …

15th Конгресс Европейской ассоциации клинической фармакологии и терапии (ЕАКПТ)

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… S2c: Mixed Oral Presentations (1) 96 Multiple sclerosis drugs and dental and gingival disorders: an observational retrospective study and disproportionality analysis in the world pharmacovigilance database Bouazzaoui L 1 , Fedrizzi S 2 , Chretien B 2 , Nguyen S 2 , Chatellier A 5 , Nicot R 3 , Dolladille … sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. …

Hypophosphatasia.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene. Reduced activity of TNAP leads to the accumulation of its substrates, mainly inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, metabolic aberrations that largely explain the musculoskeletal and systemic features of the disease. More than 400 ALPL mutations, mostly missense, are reported to date, transmitted by either autosomal dominant or recessive mode. Severe disease is rare, with incidence ranging from 1:100,000 to 1:300,000 live births

FcRH5×CD3 bispecific antibody cevostamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1 trial.

Fc receptor-homolog 5 (FcRH5) is a membrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed on myeloma cells. Cevostamab is a first-in-class, FcRH5×CD3 bispecific antibody. GO39775 is a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study evaluating fixed-duration cevostamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Cevostamab was initiated with step-up dosing and continued at the target dose (TD) once every 3 weeks for 17 cycles (~12 months) unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Primary objectives were to evaluate safety, including determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD

Aminopeptidase N: a multifunctional and promising target in medicinal chemistry.

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a zinc metalloproteinase present in almost all types of organisms and has various functions. Many of them are unrelated to its catalytic activity, which is why APN is sometimes classified as a moonlighting enzyme. APN is involved in carcinogenesis and angiogenesis. It also works as an entrance receptor for some coronaviruses and acts as a mediator during skin inflammation. Additionally, APN removes and helps to recycle regulatory proteins including neuropeptides, which is why its inhibitors hold therapeutic potential for a wide range of diseases, making the design and

Risk factors for relapse in non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, including type I cryoglobulinemia: a systematic review.

BackgroundData on non-infectious cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (NICV) is scarce, especially concerning the management of relapses, which are troublesome. We aimed to investigate risk factors for relapse in NICV.MethodsA systematic literature search of CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases was implemented until April 2023. Eligible studies included randomized control trials, observational studies, and case series with ≥4 patients. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the eligible studies.ResultsA total of 3,724 articles were retrieved

From lab to lifesaver: the rise of CAR T-cell therapy in oncology.

BackgroundRecently, cancer treatment paradigms have shifted dramatically with the advent of immunotherapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Despite it is revolutionary positive outcomes in treating hematologic malignancies, challenges such as severe toxicities, high treatment costs, and limited efficacy in solid tumors persist. This review highlights these limitations and the ongoing need for innovation in CAR T-cell therapy.Main bodyThis manuscript provides a comprehensive review of most current advancements in CAR T-cell therapy, with a focus on targeting its im

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… Studies have demonstrated that elotuzumab and other CS1-targeted treatments are successful in treating patients with multiple sclerosis. To improve treatment results, CS1 combination therapy with other targets, such as BCMA, is currently being investigated. …

Specific epigenetic regulators serve as potential therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disorder observed mostly in older human beings, is characterised by chronic and progressive lung scarring leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. This health condition has a dismal prognosis and the currently available drugs only delay but fail to reverse the progression of lung damage. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discover improved therapeutic compounds and their cellular targets to cure IPF. In this regard, a number of recent studies have targeted the epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) to develop and categorise

Targeted Therapy for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and significant extramuscular involvement. A substantial proportion of patients exhibit refractory or relapsing disease despite conventional immunosuppressive therapies, necessitating the development of novel targeted treatments. Recent immunological advances have identified novel therapeutic targets-including B cells, T cells, cytokines and intracellular signalling pathways-paving the way for personalized treatment. Targeted therapies represent pr

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… Ocrelizumab, another humanized anti‐CD20 antibody, is FDA‐approved for multiple sclerosis. It was used in a refractory ASS patient without significant clinical benefit, but subsequent treatment with anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T‐cell therapy led to improvement. …

An update on malignant tumor-related stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders: clinical mechanism, treatment, and outcomes.

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare central nervous system disorder associated with malignancies. In this review, we retrieved information from PubMed, up until August 2023, using various search terms and their combinations, including SPS, stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders (SPSSDs), paraneoplastic, cancer, and malignant tumor. Data from peer-reviewed journals printed in English were organized to explain the possible relationships between different carcinomas and SPSSD subtypes, as well as related autoantigens. From literature searching, it was revealed that breast cancer was the most

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… Neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis. In: Galimberti D, Scarpini E, eds Neurodegenerative Diseases: Clinical Aspects, Molecular Genetics and Biomarkers . (London: Springer London) (2014). p. 227–245. 10.1007/978-1-4471-6380-0_14 53. Kocak E, Abdessalam S, Walker MJ, Nuovo GJ, Kissel JT. …

Targeting Cellular Senescence in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Challenges, Considerations, and the Emerging Role of Senolytic and Senomorphic Therapies.

Cellular senescence is characterized by the permanent arrest of cell proliferation and is a response to endogenous and exogenous stress. The continuous accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in the body leads to the development of aging and age-related diseases (such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoarthritis). In the face of the growing challenge of aging and age-related diseases, several compounds have received widespread attention for their potential to target SnCs. As a result, senolytics (compounds that selectively eliminate SnCs

Структурные и функциональные изменения мозга у пациентов с гиперакузисом: систематический анализ МРТ.

Гиперакусис — это состояние, характеризующееся возросшей чувствительностью к повседневным звукам, часто приводящее к дискомфорту, боли и социальной изоляции. Несмотря на его значительное воздействие на психическое здоровье и качество жизни, основные нейронные механизмы по-прежнему плохо понимаются. Этот систематический обзор позволяет оценить исследования на основе магнитного резонансного изображения (MRI), в ходе которых изучаются структурные, функциональные и связанные с подключением изменения мозга у лиц с гиперакусизмом. В общей сложности было проведено 11 исследований, в ходе которых испо

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… Studies have also highlighted the anatomical deficiencies in the brainstem and central auditory pathways and discovered that central demyelination in multiple sclerosis patients contributes to hyperacusis, highlighting the structural deficits in the brainstem and central auditory pathways ( Scheerer …

Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 M

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… . | Multiple sclerosis. Ixekizumab | 1 | Interleukin-17A antagonist. | Plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Leflunomide | 1 | Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor. | Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. …