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Hyperprolactinemia in children and adolescents: clinical characteristics and etiological spectrum.

UNLABELLED: This study aimed to evaluate the etiological, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of pediatric patients diagnosed with hyp … (p < 0.05). In patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, most cases (82%) were associated with risperidone, and prolactin levels normalized after discontinuation or switching medications. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the complex nature of pediatric hyperprolactinemia, with various underlying causes and diverse clinical presentations. Effective manag …

Patterns of acute poisoning for children during outbreak of Corona virus in Makkah region Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Poisoning occurs when a person is exposed to an external substance at a too high dose for them. It is possible for young childre … nd 21.49. The most documented pharmaceutical products (200 mg) were carbamazepine (5 mg), methanol, risperidone (5 mg), propranolol (5 mg), and olanzapine (5 mg). The most common poison forms were tablets (42.6%), syrups (15.6%), capsules (13.9%), and solutions (13.1%). The most common poisoning routes were ingestion (82.8%), dermal (5.7%), injection (4.9%), …

Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities during antipsychotic drug administration: mechanisms, management and research perspectives.

Excessive body weight gain (BWG) is a common side effect of some typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APs). Convergent evidence suggests a hierarchy in the magnitude of BWG that may be induced by diverse agents, being very high for clozapine and olanzapine; high for quetiapine, zotepin, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine; moderate for risperidone and sertindole; and low for ziprazidone, amisulpiride, haloperidol, fluphenazine, pimozide, and molindone. BWG may be related to increased appetite that is due to drug interaction with the brain monoaminergic and cholinergic systems and to the meta…

Medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000: a summary of the expert consensus guidelines.

The original Expert Consensus Guidelines on the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder were published in 1996. Since that time, a variety of new trea … as potential adjuncts in nonpsychotic episodes. Atypical antipsychotics, especially olanzapine and risperidone, were generally preferred over conventional antipsychotics. The guidelines also include recommendations concerning the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), clozapine, thyroid hormone, stimulants, and various novel agents for patients with treatme …

Prevalence and Management of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Psychiatric Patients Receiving Second-Generation Antipsychotics at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City.

Introduction The establishment of second-generation antipsychotics in the early 1900s has shown greater benefits in many outcome domains. As … integrating tablet was the most used atypical antipsychotic among the study population, followed by risperidone and quetiapine, respectively. Furthermore, BMI was statistically significantly increased from baseline to six months (M = 2.37 kg/m2, p = .002), and from baseline to 12 months (M =3.26 kg/m2, p < .001) but not from six months to 12 months (M =1.41 k …

Neuroprotective effect of the standardised extract of Bacopa monnieri (BacoMind) in valproic acid model of autism spectrum disorder in rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bacopa monnieri (BM) is commonly employed in the Indian traditional system of medicines, i.e. Ayurveda as a … (VPA, treated 600 mg/kg on G.D12.5 and normal saline from post natal day (PND) 23 to 43), group 3 (risperidone 2.5 mg/kg, PND 23 to 43) and groups 4, 5 and 6 (BM 20, 40, 80 mg/kg, PND 23 to 43). All experimental groups were subjected to batteries of behavior parameters (three chamber sociability test, Morris Water Maze, elevated plus maze, open field and rot …

Psychopharmacologic treatment of pathologic aggression.

Several drugs are apparently effective in treating pathologic anger and aggression. Because many of the studies on aggressive populations al … s in mentally retarded subjects. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents (i.e., clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine) may be more effective than traditional antipsychotic drugs in aggressive and violent populations, as they have shown efficacy in patients with dementia, brain injury, mental retardation, and personality disorders. Similarly, benzodi …

Targetable pathways for drug repurposing in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is both the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fifth in mortality. Owing to a lack of symptoms in the early stages and unspecific clinical presentation in the later stages, GC is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. This means that only approximately 60% of patients are eligible for curative treatment, and overall, GC patients have a 5-year survival rate of only 28.3%, underscoring the importance of developing new treatment strategies. Drug repurposing involves identifying new therapeutic uses for approved drugs and is a promising strategy for cancer treatment beca

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… Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug, and its effects on cancer are contradictory. Studies have reported that risperidone increases the risk of some cancers, and other studies have indicated a negative correlation with other types of cancer. … Recently, risperidone was found to have anticancer effects on the GC cell line KATO-III, and it produced apoptosis and inhibited growth in xenograft tumor mouse models. In addition, a population-based study revealed a correlation between risperidone use and decreased GC risk. …

Polymorphisms in human endogenous retrovirus K-18 and risk of type 2 diabetes in individuals with schizophrenia.

Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in individuals with schizophrenia. The genetic basis of diabetes risk in individuals with schizophrenia has not been previously defined. We measured polymorphisms in a human endogenous retrovirus, Herv K-18, which is located in the CD48 signaling lymphocyte activating (SLAM) gene on chromosome 1. The study population consisted of 229 individuals with schizophrenia, 29 of whom had a history of type 2 diabetes, as well as 136 control individuals without a history of a psychiatric disorder or type 2 diabetes. We found that a haplotype defined by 2 polymor

[Medication-related oculogyric crises: a description of four cases and a review of the literature].

INTRODUCTION: Oculogyric crises are considered to be a form of focal dystonia and can be observed as reactions to pharmaceuticals. The signs and symptoms may be confused with epileptic crises. AIMS: To describe the clinical features and progress of patients with pharmaceutical-related oculogyric crises and to carry out a review of the topic. CASE REPORTS: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of four patients evaluated in the neurology service due to oculogyric crises. The patients had been diagnosed with an associated conduct disorder requiring treatment with antipsychotic drugs.

The Future of Oncology in Psychiatric Medications.

Recent years have provided numerous reports on the mechanisms of action of psychiatric medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidementia drugs) that directly inhibit the growth of cancer cells, as well as on their indirect effects on the psyche and immune system, and their supportive effects on chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanisms of the anticancer activity of psychiatric drugs include inhibition of dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors that work via signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB, ERK, Wnt/ß-catenin, and bcl2), metabolic pathways (ornithine dec

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… Some studies available in the literature also describe a lack of inhibitory effects of psychiatric medications, such as chlorpromazine, clozapine, flupentixol, fluphenazine, pipamperone, remixipride, risperidone, sulpiride, and trifluoperazine, on cancer (see review [ 20 ]). … Association of Risperidone with Gastric Cancer: Triangulation Method from Cell Study, Animal Study, and Cohort Study Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 846455 10.3389/fphar.2022.846455 35444540 PMC9013946 33. Min H.Y. Lee H.Y. Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment Exp. Mol. …

Drug Repurposing for the Management of Depression: Where Do We Stand Currently?

A slow rate of new drug discovery and higher costs of new drug development attracted the attention of scientists and physicians for the repurposing and repositioning of old medications. Experimental studies and off-label use of drugs have helped drive data for further studies of approving these medications. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of depression encourages novel discoveries through drug repurposing and drug repositioning to treat depression. In addition to reducing neurotransmitters like epinephrine and serotonin, other mechanisms such as inflammation, insufficient blood supp

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… Risperidone Perseris ® , RisperDAL ® , RisperiDONE ® [ 88 ] | Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar mania, irritability associated with autistic disorder | High 5-HT 2 and dopamine-D 2 receptor antagonist activity/Antimanic agent, second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic | MDD and TRD, as an adjunctive … Risperidone = 7229 | Observational, cohort, retrospective | Comparison between quetiapine and olanzapine: quetiapine is associated with lower extrapyramidal symptoms and diabetes mellitus Comparison between quetiapine and risperidone: quetiapine is associated with lower extrapyramidal symptoms, but …

[Bipolar disorders as co-morbidity in childhood and adolescence--underdiagnosed or overinterpreted? Therapy of a 14-year-old boy with hyperkinetic conduct disorder and hypomania].

OBJECTIVE: Considerable debate exists regarding differing prevalence rates of co-morbid bipolar disorder in children and adolescents with ADHD in Germany as compared to the US. METHODS: Described in this case report are the assessment of and treatment procedure for a 14-year old boy with hyperkinetic conduct disorder and co-morbid hypomanic episode, as well as different possible interpretations of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies of children and adolescents with ADHD and coexisting impulsive-aggressive behaviour are needed. Important in practice is a precise differentiation of symptoms

Efficacy and safety of AAV2 gene therapy in children with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: an open-label, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited disease that causes depletion of neurotransmitters and sev … al admission. Transient post-gene therapy dyskinesia occurred in all patients but was resolved with risperidone. Of 31 treatment-related adverse events, only one (patient 1) was severe in intensity, and none led to hospital admission or death. INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that intraputaminal injection of AAV2-hAADC is well tolerated and might improve …

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials to Compare Antipsychotic Treatments (SMART-CAT) in first-episode schizophrenia patients: Rationale and trial design.

Accumulated studies have investigated pharmacological interventions for first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. However, studies on subs … controlled trial; patients will be randomly assigned to one of the treatments with oral olanzapine, risperidone, amisulpride, aripiprazole or perphenazine. Subjects who fail to respond after 8 weeks will enter the phase 2 randomization. Phase 2 is an equipoise-stratified randomization trial, and patients will be randomly assigned to oral olanzapine, amisulpri …

[Antipsychotic-drug-induced hyperprolactinemia: physiopathology, clinical features and guidance].

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent but neglected adverse effect observed in patients treated with antipsychotic-drugs. In this rev … . For these reasons, one can distinguish prolactin-raising (conventional neuroleptics, amisulpride, risperidone) and prolactin-sparing (clozapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine) antipsychotics. An English study showed that 18% of men and 47% of women treated with antipsychotics for severe mental illness had a prolactin level above the normal range. Hyperprolactine …

[Acute psychosis and Behçet's disease: a case report].

BACKGROUND: Behçet's disease is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown origin. The prevalence of the disease varies widely and is high in the E … ced. Six months after, delirium and Behçet's symptoms had disappeared with the following treatment: Risperidone, Alprazolam, Zolpidem, Colchicine, Prednisone, and Azathioprine. The patient has developed enduring negative symptoms: blunted affect, social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation and poor rapport. …

Treatments for late-life bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Bipolar affective disorder is not uncommon in the elderly; prevalence rates in the United States range from 0.1% to 0.4%. Howeve … oic acid, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, zonisamide, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole). These terms were then combined with the diagnostic terms bipolar disorder, mania, hypomania, depression, or bipolar depression. Finally, the terms ECT and psychotherapy were also queried in combin …

[A case of pervasive developmental disorder with chromosomal translocation (X; 4) (p11; q13)].

INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal aberrations, with or without congenital physical abnormalities, have been frequently found associated with neurops … aled an apparently balanced translocation 46, XY, t (X; 4) (p11; q13). The patient was treated with risperidone (8 mg/day) and valproate (1500-2000 mg/day) with improvement. Psychotic symptoms, hostility and violence vanished. Amazingly, his behaviour and attitude became normal. Very early onset of symptoms, absence of negative signs, and dysmorphic features …

[Interictal psychosis of epilepsy].

Interictal psychosis (IIP) refers to psychosis that occurs in clear consciousness in persons with epilepsy (PWE) with temporal onset not dur … an in primary schizophrenia. In practice, atypical neuroleptics with few motor side effects such as risperidone can be used as first choice, given the low propensity for drug-drug interactions and the low seizure risk, with the added suggestion to start low and go slow. Clozapine could be prescribed in selected cases.