Результаты поиска

New approaches for cancer treatment: antitumor drugs based on gene-targeted nucleic acids.

Currently, the main way to fight cancer is still chemotherapy. This method of treatment is at the height of its capacity, so, setting aside the need for further improvements in traditional treatments for neoplasia, it is vital to develop now approaches toward treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews innovational experimental approaches to treating malignant malformations based on the use of gene-targeted drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (asON), small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, and DNAzymes, which can all inhibit oncogene expression. The target genes for these drugs are t

Resveratrol and Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanistic Basis and Therapeutic Targets.

Resveratrol (3,4',5 trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring non-flavonoid polyphenol. It has various pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Many studies have given special attention to different aspects of resveratrol anti-cancer properties and proved its high efficiency in targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Tumor microenvironment has a critical role in cancer development and progression. Tumor cells coordinate with a cast of normal cells to aid the malignant behavior of cancer. Many cancer supporting players were detected in tum

Связанный с Ро белком GTP белок RhoE (RND3) регулирует множественные заболевания костей миэломы.

Множественное заболевание костей миеломы (ММБД) широко распространено среди многих пациентов, страдающих миеломой (ММ). Используя профиль выражения генов, мы идентифицировали Rho Family GTPase 3 (RND3) как ген, чье выражение в MM негативно связано с остротой MMBD. Используя биопсии MM пациентов, мы подтвердили, что пациенты с MMBD уменьшили экспрессию RND3 по сравнению с пациентами без MMBD. Для изучения функции RND3 в MMBD мы создали RND3 снос клеток MM (RN-KD), а также контроль (CT-KD). В человеческой модели MM xenograft мыши RN-KD MM вызвала MMBD сильнее, чем CT-KD. RN-KD MM поощряла диффер

Screening of traditional Chinese medicine monomers as ribonucleotide reductase M2 inhibitors for tumor treatment.

BackgroundRibonucleotide reductase (RR) is a key enzyme in tumor proliferation, especially its subunit-RRM2. Although there are multiple therapeutics for tumors, they all have certain limitations. Given their advantages, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers have become an important source of anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, screening and analysis of TCM monomers with RRM2 inhibition can provide a reference for further anti-tumor drug development.AimTo screen and analyze potential anti-tumor TCM monomers with a good binding capacity to RRM2.MethodsThe Gene Expression Profiling Interactive An

Concurrent evolution of cancer cachexia and heart failure: bilateral effects exist.

Cancer cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of involuntary weight loss characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass and progressive functional impairment. It is postulated that cardiac dysfunction/atrophy parallels skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Cardiotoxic chemotherapy may additionally result in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in some cancer patients. Heart failure thus may be a consequence of either ongoing cachexia or chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; at the same time, heart failure can result in cachexia, especially muscle wasting. Therefore, t

An explainable predictive machine learning model of osteopenia for perimenopausal women based on clinical data: a retrospective single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is increasingly prevalent, yet early detection remains difficult. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML)-based model for identifying individuals at risk of osteopenia using clinical data. METHODS: Female participants who were aged 45 years and above with complete femoral neck BMD data were included. A total of 1,108 participants were divided into training (70%) and test (30%) datasets. Various ML-based algorithms (random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) were used to identify key p

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Only individuals who were treated with osteoporosis pharmacotherapies (bisphosphonates, teriparatide, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), or corticosteroids were excluded, as well as those with conditions (anorexia nervosa, Cushing syndrome, hyperparathyroidism …

The Biogenesis and Functions of piRNAs in Human Diseases.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel type of small noncoding RNAs, which are 26-30 nt in length and bind to Piwi proteins. These short RNAs were originally discovered in germline cells and are considered as key regulators for germline maintenance. A growing body of evidence has now extended our views into piRNA biological significance showing that they can also regulate gene expression in somatic cells through transposon silencing, epigenetic programming, DNA rearrangements, mRNA turnover, and translational control. Mounting studies have revealed that the dysregulation of piRNAs may caus

Obesity and Cancer Rehabilitation for Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Comprehensive Review.

Obesity is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence, and its intricate relationship with cancer has become a critical concern in cancer care. As a result, understanding the multifactorial connections between obesity and breast cancer is imperative for risk stratification, tailored screening, and rehabilitation treatment planning to address long-term survivorship issues. The review follows the SANRA quality criteria and includes an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. The biological basis linking obesity and cancer involves complex int

MicroRNA-17-92a-1 Host Gene (MIR17HG) Expression Signature and rs4284505 Variant Association with Alopecia Areata: A Case-Control Study.

Accumulating evidence indicates the implication of microRNAs (miRs) in cutaneous and hair follicle immunobiology. We evaluated, for the first time, the miR-17-92a-1 cluster host gene (MIR17HG) expression in peripheral blood of 248 unrelated alopecia areata (AA) patients compared to 244 matched controls using Real-Time qPCR. We also tested its association with different rs4284505A>G genotypes (based on TaqMan allelic discrimination PCR) and the available clinical data. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each genetic association model. The upregulat

Multiple Facets of Autophagy and the Emerging Role of Alkylphosphocholines as Autophagy Modulators.

Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep process and functions as passage for degrading and recycling protein aggregates and defective organelles in eukaryotic cells. Based on the nature of these materials, their size and degradation rate, four types of autophagy have been described, i.e. chaperone mediated autophagy, microautophagy, macroautophagy, and selective autophagy. One of the major regulators of this process is mTOR, which inhibits the downstream pathway of autophagy following the activation of its complex 1 (mTORC1). Alkylphosphocholine (APC) derivatives represent a novel class of a

Repurposing anticancer drugs for the management of COVID-19.

Since its outbreak in the last December, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide at a pandemic proportion and thus is regarded as a global public health emergency. The existing therapeutic options for COVID-19 beyond the intensive supportive care are limited, with an undefined or modest efficacy reported so far. Drug repurposing represents an enthusiastic mechanism to use approved drugs outside the scope of their original indication and accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic options. With the emergence of COVID-19, drug repurposing has been la

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit Ebola virus infection. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(190) doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005471. 190ra79. 98. Kennedy D.A., Johnson-Lussenburg C.M. Inhibition of coronavirus 229E replication by actinomycin D. …

Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies.

Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to po

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Estrogen receptor modulators genistein, daidzein and ERB-041 inhibit cell migration, invasion, proliferation and sphere formation via modulation of FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int. (2018) 18:65. 10.1186/s12935-018-0559-2 73. …

Advances in Synergistic Combinations of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer.

The complex pathology of cancer development requires correspondingly complex treatments. The traditional application of individual single-target drugs fails to sufficiently treat cancer with durable therapeutic effects and tolerable adverse events. Therefore, synergistic combinations of drugs represent a promising way to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) have long been used as such synergistic combinations. Therefore, we summarized the synergistic combinations of CHMs used in the treatment of cancer and their roles in chemotherapy in terms

Intraoperative radiotherapy combined with spinal stabilization surgery-a novel treatment strategy for spinal metastases based on a first single-center experiences.

INTRODUCTION: Current treatment of spinal metastases (SM) aims on preserving spinal stability, neurological status, and functional status as well as achieving local control. It consists of spinal surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment. Adjuvant therapy usually starts with a delay of a few weeks to prevent wound healing issues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has previously been successfully applied during brain tumor, breast and colorectal carcinoma surgery but not in SM, including unstable one, to date. In our case series, we describe the feasibility, morbidity and mort

Targeting BRD4: Potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review).

As a member of BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) protein family, BRD4 (bromodomain‑containing protein 4) is a chromatin‑associated protein that interacts with acetylated histones and actively recruits regulatory proteins, leading to the modulation of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The cellular and epigenetic functions of BRD4 implicate normal development, fibrosis and inflammation. BRD4 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target as it is often overexpressed and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression programs that drive tumor cell proliferation, survival, mi

A brief clinical genetics review: stepwise diagnostic processes of a monogenic disorder-hypertriglyceridemia.

The completion of the Human Genome Project and tremendous advances in automated high-throughput genetic analysis technologies have enabled explosive progress in the field of genetics, which resulted in countless discoveries of novel genes and pathways. Many phenotype- or disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a high statistical significance have been identified through numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and various polygenic risk scoring (PRS) schemes have been proposed to identify individuals with a high risk for a certain trait or disorder. Meanwhile, me

The Role of Platelet Dysfunctions in the Pathogenesis of the Hemostatic-Coagulant System Imbalances.

Platelet dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various disorders affecting the hemostatic-coagulant system. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which platelet dysfunctions contribute to the disruption of hemostasis, leading to an increased risk of both thrombosis and bleeding. Platelets, traditionally known for their role in clot formation, can exhibit altered functionality under pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases, impacting their interaction with coagulation factors and vascular endothelium. The re

Obesity as a Multifactorial Chronic Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Systemic Impact, and Emerging Digital Interventions.

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from complex genetic, molecular, environmental, and behavioral interactions. Its prevalence rises worldwide, affecting cardiovascular, metabolic, oncological, hepatic, respiratory, and skeletal health. Beyond caloric excess, genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, gut microbiota dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting agents, circadian misalignment, and intergenerational and prenatal influences are critical determinants of obesity risk. Core pathophysiological mechanisms include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic low-grade inflamma

Evidence for reciprocal network interactions between injured hearts and cancer.

Heart failure (HF) and cancer are responsible for 50% of all deaths in middle-aged people. These diseases are tightly linked, which is supported by recent epidemiological studies and case control studies, demonstrating that HF patients have a higher risk to develop cancer such as lung and breast cancer. For HF patients, a one-size-fits-all clinical management strategy is not effective and patient management represents a major economical and clinical burden. Anti-cancer treatments-mediated cardiotoxicity, leading to HF have been extensively studied. However, recent studies showed that even befo

CRISPR/Cas9: A revolutionary genome editing tool for human cancers treatment.

Cancer is a genetic disease stemming from genetic and epigenetic mutations and is the second most common cause of death across the globe. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an emerging gene-editing tool, acting as a defense system in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds immense potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment and has been utilized to develop cancer disease models such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma mice models. In diagnostics, CRISPR can be used to quickly and efficiently detect genes involved in various cancer development, prol