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Tumour-inducing viruses.

Virus infections are an important factor in the global burden of human cancer. The discovery and mode of action of human tumour viruses is briefly reviewed together with the promise of prevention through vaccination.

Ultrasound features using MUSA terms and definitions in uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma: cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Timely and accurate preoperative diagnosis of uterine sarcoma will increase patient survival. The primary aim of this study was … ) and more likely to be postmenopausal (13/16 (81%) vs 15/91 (16%)). In the uterine sarcoma cohort, leiomyosarcoma was the most frequent histological type (6/16 (38%)), followed by adenosarcoma (4/16 (25%)). On ultrasound evaluation, according to Observers 1 and 2, the tumor border was irregular in most sarcomas (11/16 (69%) and 13/16 (81%) cases, respectively), …

The importance of epigenetic alterations in the development of epstein-barr virus-related lymphomas.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus, is associated with a series of malignant tumors. These include lymphomas (Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, T/NK-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, AIDS-associated lymphoma, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome), carcinomas (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, carcinomas of major salivary glands, thymic carcinoma, mammary carcinoma) and a sarcoma (leiomyosarcoma). The latent EBV genomes persist in the tumor cells as circular episomes, co-replicating with the cellular DNA once per cell cycle. The express…

[Clinicopathologic study of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma and its contrast with olfactory neuroblastoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) and olfac … inoma and squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the sarcoma component mostly exhibited rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. In addition, carcinoid, and primitive mesenchymal tissue and the ONB component were also seen. The morphological characteristics of SNTCS comprised fetal clear cell squamous epithelium, carcinosarcoma and the ONB component. By imm …

Radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma.

PURPOSE: Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumours with an annual reported incidence of 2.7 per million persons. In spite of improvements in both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic strategies, patients afflicted by RPS still have poor prognoses. There are currently many different therapeutic strategies for these rare tumours and combining several different multi-modality strategies have not proved to have superior long-term clinical results. This review analyses the available published data and discusses multi-modality management of this rare entity. In particular, the role of radiation

Tumor type is a determinant of susceptibility to apoptosis.

Little quantitative data exist on the extent of apoptosis (genetically-mediated cell deletion) in different human tumor types. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections of 102 malignant tumors (58 types) were evaluated for apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies, using the 40x objective with a calibrated eye-piece and avoiding necrotic zones. The percentage of apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies in the total number of tumor cells examined was designated as the apoptotic index (AI) for each case. There was a wide range in the AI for different tumor types: 45 tumors had AI < 1% and 93 had an

Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activity in alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a distinct type of soft tissue sarcoma holding a specific ASPL-TFE3 fusion transcript. Curative therapy is based on surgical removal, whereas lately, antiangiogenic targeted therapy regimens have proven effective. In ASPS, analysis of small series additionally display mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway activity, thus making mTOR a possible additive target in ASPS, because it is in other tumor entities. Therefore, we systematically evaluated mTOR pathway activity in a large series of ASPS in comparison with soft tissue sarcomas of other differentia

What Are the Long-term Results of MUTARS® Modular Endoprostheses for Reconstruction of Tumor Resection of the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia?

BACKGROUND: Modular endoprostheses are commonly used to reconstruct defects of the distal femur and proximal tibia after bone tumor resectio … surgery was 36 years (range, 13-82 years). Predominant diagnoses were osteosarcoma (n = 56 [55%]), leiomyosarcoma of bone (n = 10 [10%]), and chondrosarcoma (n = 9 [9%]). In the early period of our study, we routinely used uncemented uncoated implants for primary reconstructions. Later, hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants were the standard. Eighty-nine reconstr …

Locoregional control in infants with neuroblastoma: role of radiation therapy and late toxicity.

PURPOSE: To review patterns of failure in infants with neuroblastoma and determine late toxicity and efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) on locore … all receiving >/=20 Gy. One child developed bowel obstruction at 21 months and another developed a leiomyosarcoma in the treatment field 34 years after RT. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that most LN+ infants achieve locoregional control without RT. Infants <6 months receiving RT were the most susceptible to musculoskeletal abnormalities. Further studies are need …

Fas (Apo-1, CD95) receptor expression in childhood astrocytomas. Is it a marker of the major apoptotic pathway or a signaling receptor for immune escape of neoplastic cells?

Apoptosis is a physiological process wherein the cell initiates a sequence of events culminating in the fragmentation of its DNA, nuclear co … lymphocytic leukemia of T or NK cell origin malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant mesothelioma, leiomyosarcoma, epitheloid sarcoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma, as well as melanomas. Flow cytometry studies have also detected FasR expression on cells of adult T cell, and hairy cell leukemias, as well as in chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL). The coe …

Cytogenetics of cranial base tumors.

Many different tumor types can arise in or invade the skull base. The more common tumors include, but are not limited to, angiofibromas, chondrosarcomas, chordomas, hemangiopericytomas, meningiomas, carcinomas, olfactory neuroblastomas, paragangliomas, pituitary adenomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas. Several of these tumors, including meningiomas, hemangiopericytomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas are characterized by nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities. In this paper, we review the recognized chromosomal aberrations in cranial base tumors and illustrate the insights that can be gained into the genetic basi

B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease.

Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins has been the backbone for hematological malignancies with overall survival improvements. The Bcl-2 family is a major player in apoptosis regulation and, has captured the researcher's interest in the treatment of solid tumors. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising several entities, with high morbidity and mortality and with few specific therapies available. The treatment for sarcomas is based on platinum regimens, with variable results and poor outcomes, especially in advanced lesions. The high number of different sarc

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… Leiomyosarcomas have a low response to chemo and radiotherapy [ 113 ] and despite some good results with trabectedin [ 114 , 115 ] there are still from the ideal. An example of leiomyosarcoma can be seen in Figure 4 . Figure 4 Leiomyosarcoma histological appearance. … The data showed an increased sensitivity of leiomyosarcoma to doxorubicin, due to the ABT-737 administration. …

Phase 2 study of preoperative image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy to reduce wound and combined modality morbidities in lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine if preoperative image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) can reduce morbidity, including wound complications, by minimizing dose to uninvolved tissues in adults with lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS: The primary endpoint was the development of an acute wound complication (WC). IG-IMRT was used to conform volumes to avoid normal tissues (skin flaps for wound closure, bone, or other uninvolved soft tissues). From July 2005 to June 2009, 70 adults were enrolled; 59 were evaluable for the primary endpoint. Median tumor size was

Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Features in a Cohort of 102 Tumors.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LG-ESS) are the second most common malignant uterine mesenchymal tumors, but in contrast to the more common leiomyosarcomas, they are often characterized by a prolonged and relatively indolent course. However, a subset of patients experience significant morbidity or die of disease, and it is difficult to predict which tumors will behave aggressively, with most published studies limited in either the number of tumors or the depth of pathologic parameters evaluated. Thus, we studied the clinicopathologic features of LG-ESS in 102 patients ranging from 21 t…

Aldoxorubicin: a tumor-targeted doxorubicin conjugate for relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcomas.

Despite available therapies after initial systemic therapy, prognosis remains poor in relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The rational and clinical development of novel agents to improve outcomes in this area of high unmet need is desperately warranted. Aldoxorubicin is a prodrug of doxorubicin that binds to serum albumin immediately after administration through an acid-sensitive hydrazone linker and is subsequently transported to tumor tissues where the acidic environment cleaves the linker and facilitates delivery of a tumor-targeted drug payload. In clinical studies to date,

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… group of sarcomas including gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), innovative and histology-specific targeted therapies are available. 3 – 12 However, for the majority of advanced STS, of which the most common high-grade subtypes include undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), liposarcoma (LPS), leiomyosarcoma … : a Gynecologic Oncology Group phase II study Gynecol Oncol 2008 109 3 323 328 18394689 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.02.024 PMC2692926 28 Demetri GD von Mehren M Jones RL Efficacy and safety of trabectedin or dacarbazine for metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after failure of conventional chemotherapy …

Esophageal extraskeletal neoplasm Ewing's sarcoma: Case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ewing sarcomas are a group of small round cell tumors that occur predominantly in the long bones as well as in … comas, carcinosarcoma is the commonest with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements followed by leiomyosarcoma of mesenchymal origin. Other sarcomas reported in the literature are liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, granulocytic sarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, schwannoma rhabdomyosarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. CONCLUSION: Ewin …

The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Prospects for Immunotherapy.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent about 80% of sarcomas, and are a heterogeneous group of rare and malignant tumors. STS arise from mesenchymal tissues and can grow into structures such as adipose tissue, muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels. Morphological evaluation has been the standard model for the diagnosis of sarcomas, and even in samples with similar characteristics, they present a diversity in cytogenetic and genetic sequence alterations, which further increases the diversity of sarcomas. This variety is one of the main challenges for the classification and understanding of STS

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… As for the CONTICANET and RARECARE projects, the most frequent histotypes of STS were liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and angiosarcoma [ 83 , 84 ]. A large proportion of leiomyosarcoma in females are located in the uterus [ 83 ]. … Ben-Ami et al. reported a study of nivolumab in advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma but no responses were reported, and the study closed early because of a lack of efficacy [ 103 ]. …

Patient-Derived Organoids as a Promising Tool for Multimodal Management of Sarcomas.

The management of sarcomas, a diverse group of cancers arising from connective tissues, presents significant challenges due to their heterogeneity and limited treatment options. Patient-derived sarcoma organoids (PDSOs) have emerged as a promising tool in the multimodal management of sarcomas, offering unprecedented opportunities for personalized medicine and improved treatment strategies. This review aims to explore the potential of PDSOs as a promising tool for multimodal management of sarcomas. We discuss the establishment and characterization of PDSOs, which realistically recapitulate the

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… For instance, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are more commonly found in children and young adults [ 7 , 8 ], while leiomyosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (currently classified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma by WHO) are more frequent in adults [ 9 , 10 ]. … In another study, Chen et al. established and identified myxofibrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and extrauterine soft tissue leiomyosarcoma that sensitively responded to carfilzomib [ 29 ]. …