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Systemic injection of the DAD1 antagonist SCH 23390 reduces saccharin seeking in rats.

Conditioned cues can elicit drug- and sucrose-seeking behaviors that have been shown to depend on dopamine (DA) D1 receptors. If DAD1 receptors are also involved in seeking behavior in general, blocking these receptors should reduce seeking behavior for a non-caloric, non-drug of abuse reinforcer such as saccharin. Forty-six male Long-Evans rats lever pressed for 0.3% saccharin solution 1 h/day for 10 days. A lever response also activated a tone plus a white stimulus light. This compound stimulus lasted for 5 s. After 1 day of forced abstinence, rats received systemic (0, 1, or 10 μg/kg IP; n 

Feasibility study of an artificial intelligence chatbot-powered cognitive-behavioral lifestyle modification program.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 2 billion adults seek lifestyle modification to improve their health and well-being. However, because of cost and … onnection to Lyra. Participants initiated an average of 6.2 conversations, ranging from coping with cravings to unprompted "confessions" of having consumed unhealthy food. CONCLUSION: This new form of intervention proved feasible, acceptable, safe, clinically adept, and capable of fostering a connection. However, rigorous testing of Lyra's effectiveness …

Artificial Intelligence, Wearable Technologies, and Virtual Reality in Precision Nutrition and Obesity Management: A Critical Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that demands personalized and sustainable management approaches. Digital health tec … offers an immersive way to tackle behavioral and cognitive mechanisms related to overeating such as cravings, food cue reactivity, and inhibitory control. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, with many studies limited by short follow-up periods, small samples, variable adherence, and insufficient clinical validation. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligen …

Increasing Minimally Processed Food Intake in Depression via Commercial Meal Delivery: Qualitative Accounts of Participant Experiences.

Background/Objectives: Several randomized controlled trials have found that dietary interventions promoting self-guided shifts away from ult … s, and perceived autonomy. Several participants also described a temporal adjustment process (early cravings/withdrawal followed by adaptation). Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest participant-informed priorities for future testing and refinement of scalable meal delivery interventions for depression, including personalization and choice, quality …

Acute glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates cue-, drug-, and stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Opioid overdose deaths continue to be a significant public health problem worldwide, with fentanyl, the primary driver of these losses of li … ew treatments for OUD. Exendin-4/exenatide and liraglutide have been found to reduce opioid intake, cravings, and cue-, drug-, and stress-induced opioid seeking. While these are important findings, exenatide has a higher risk of gastrointestinal distress and, due to its short half-life, requires multiple daily injections for treatment. Liraglutide has a l …

Buprenorphine long acting injectables: clinical needs, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic basis, and design challenges for solid preformed implants.

With annual overdose deaths in the United States over 1 million, medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine (BUP) remains the first-li … gher and more sustained BUP exposure with low variability is required to fully suppress withdrawal, cravings, and illicit opioid use. These findings indicated that currently marketed formulations may not adequately address the clinical challenges associated in the fentanyl/polysubstance era. Accordingly, this rationale-based review proposes a mechanistic …

Association between smoking dependence and intuitive eating in adults in primary care.

BackgroundSmoking is associated with appetite regulation and food cravings, yet its relationship with intuitive eating (IE), an internally guided, non-restrictive eating style, remains unclear.AimTo examine associations between smoking status, nicotine dependence, and IE among adults in primary care.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study in Western France (June-July 2023), adults (18-75 y) attending general practices completed a questionnaire on sociodemographics, smoking, physical activity/sedentary time, cannabis use, anthropometrics, and IE (French Intuitive Eating Scale-2, IES-2; total and thre…

Temptation as a key driver between affective states and usage outcomes of problematic usage of the Internet: A 14-day ambulatory assessment study.

Theoretical models of problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) assume that stress and negative mood can trigger cravings and desires as central drivers to use certain online applications that are expected to provide pleasure and relief, which increases the likelihood of use. Learning and reinforcement mechanisms can result in increased and uncontrolled Internet use, that manifests itself in the form of, for example, neglecting important areas of life like relationships or work. To test these associations in a natural environment, we conducted a 14-day ambulatory end-of-day assessment together w…

Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Tobacco Cessation Program for Veterans With Mental Health Disorders: Adaptation and Usability Testing.

BACKGROUND: US veterans with mental health disorders have high rates of smoking and low rates of smoking cessation. OBJECTIVE: This study a … serenity prayer, and mindfulness exercises, which they could use as a tool reduce the intensity of cravings. Veterans reported wanting more information on the health aspects of smoking (ie, effects on breathing and lung capacity) as a way to motivate them to quit smoking. In addition, they suggested targeting specific mental health concerns that serve as …

Identifying Subtypes of Cannabis Use Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis Among Daily Cannabis Consumers and Associated Sociodemographic and Cannabis Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is relatively common among daily cannabis consumers; however, no studies have explored subtypes of C … consumers, strategies to limit use throughout the day, driving under the influence and coping with cravings are warranted. Interventions for moderate CUD should be tailored for psychological/interpersonal versus physiological problems, while those with severe CUD would benefit from interventions to target global problems.

The experience of social isolation in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Social isolation(SI), as a negative psychological state, can aggravate sleep disturbances and deterioration of renal function, seriously jeopardizing physical health, which is particularly prominent in peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients. However, most of the current research in this field is quantitative, and there are few qualitative studies on SI in PD patients. Understanding patients’ psychological experience of SI is essential for the targeted design of intervention programs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the experience of SI among PD patients. METHODS: 12 pe

Effectiveness of digital self-care device for at risk drinking problems: focus on individuals at risk for alcohol-related issues.

AIMS: This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of using digital self-care devices in reducing alcohol-related problems among high-risk alcohol users in community addiction-related institutions. METHODS: Data were collected from 257 adults in Korea aged 18 and over (157 men and 60 women), examining their level of alcohol use disorder and the usage of digital self-care devices (such as the number of days alcohol consumption was logged, continuous days of sobriety, feeling, alcohol cravings, alcohol probability, etc.). RESULTS: The results confirmed that the severity of alcohol use …

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A New Frontier in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), which were originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes by … tudies, and real-world evidence suggest that GLP-1RAs may significantly reduce alcohol consumption, cravings, and alcohol-related hospitalizations. Their central effect on reward processing, coupled with a generally favorable safety profile, supports their potential therapeutic role beyond metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Emerging evidence positions GLP …

One year follow-up study of patients with opioid use disorder after inpatient detoxification: Predictors of treatment retention and abstinence.

OBJECTIVE: Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), has been shown to have chronic nature that course with relapses and remissions. People with OUD remain … ence was independently associated with previous BN use, retention of inpatient program, less severe craving scores and non-daily opioid use in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: This work contributes to the findings in the literature and helps elucidating the effect of psychopathologies on relapse. Identifying the treatment needs of patients with risky …

Perspectives of substance use disorder counselors on the benefits and drawbacks of medications for opioid use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are among the best tools available to combat the opioid epidemic. Yet, use of MOUD am … . The most frequently reported advantage across all three types of MOUD was their ability to reduce cravings and illicit drug use. The most frequently reported disadvantage related to the potential for some types of MOUD to develop long-term medication dependence. CONCLUSIONS: As the availability and variety of MOUD treatment options continue to expand, …

A Review to Assess the Safety and Health Outcomes of Religious Fasting in Ramadan in Patients Post Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: This review assesses the safety and health outcomes of religious fasting in Ramadan for patients who have undergone metabolic/ … ive psychosocial effects included improved social functioning, reduced hunger scores, and decreased cravings, although complications like marginal ulcers (8.3%) and dumping syndrome (23.4%) underscore the need for careful management. Two studies carried a serious risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Religious fasting in Ramadan appears safe for patients after MBS …

[Rehabilitation of persons with primary organic mental disorders complicated by alcoholism in middle and elderly age].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program for persons with primary organic mental disorders complicated by alcoho … ing the severity of psychopathological disorders, clinical scale for assessing pathological alcohol craving [PAC], anosognosia scale, "Questionnaire for Assessing the Quality of Remission in Remote and Hard-to-Reach Regions" during the remission); prospective observation; statistical methods (parametric, non-parametric). RESULTS: In patients of group 1, …

Сексуальные отношения с лицами, страдающими расстройством бдительности: обзор.

Целью этого обзора повествования является проведение синтетического обзора современных знаний о взаимосвязи между расстройством гиперактивности (АДХД) и сексуальным функционированием взрослых с уделением особого внимания нейробиологическим механизмам, коморбидным расстройствам и воздействию фармакотерапии. Шесть независимых исследователей провели всеобъемлющий обзор литературы с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus и Google Scientist, охватывающих публикации, имеющиеся по состоянию на май 2024 года. Были включены первоначальные исследовательские документы, обзоры и метаанализы на английско

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This narrative review aimed to provide a synthetic overview of current knowledge on the relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity … arly men. Some authors emphasize the importance of neurobiological mechanisms such as "dopaminergic craving" or novelty-seeking, while others indicate that hypersexual behaviors may be treated as a form of self-regulation. Concerning pharmacotherapy, psychostimulant drugs (e.g., methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine) and nonstimulants (e.g., atomoxetine an …

The therapeutic use and efficacy of ketamine in alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder (SUD) globally. In 2019, AUD affected 14.5 million Ame … in AUD and three studies described its use in AWS. Ketamine used in AUD was beneficial in reducing cravings, alcohol consumption and longer abstinence rates when compared to treatment as usual. In AWS, ketamine was used as an adjunct to standard benzodiazepine therapy during severe refractory AWS and at signs of delirium tremens. Adjunctive use of ketami …

Symptoms of nicotine dependence by e-cigarette and cigarette use behavior and brand: A population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Many modern e-cigarette brands contain equivalent or higher nicotine levels than traditional cigarettes. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in four nicotine dependence indicators (i.e., use within 30minutes of waking, cravings, needing to use, and frequent use) among adolescents (aged 12-17 years) with past 30-day (P30D) exclusive use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or dual use of both. METHODS: Data were from Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (n=1060; N=2053,659). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine difference…