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The Potential Role of Sildenafil in Cancer Management through EPR Augmentation.

Enhanced permeation retention (EPR) was a significant milestone discovery by Maeda et al. paving the path for the emerging field of nanomedicine to become a powerful tool in the fight against cancer. Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) through the relaxation of smooth muscles and the modulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Overexpression of PDE-5 has been reported in lung, colon, metastatic breast cancers, and bladder squamous carcinoma. Moreover, sildenafil has been reported to increase the sensitivity of

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… | No significant changes in % cell viability compared to control Crizotinib loaded PEG-PLA micelles | 14% cell viability Crizotinib (55.25 μM)/Sildenafil (40.33 μM)- coloaded PEG-PLA micelles | 4% cell viability Lung Cancer | In vitro | A549 human lung carcinoma cells | DOX | 29.87% cell death | [ 53 … In their study, the team employed a combined micelle incorporating both cisplatin and sildenafil. The team proposed that tumor acidity can preferentially release the PDE5 inhibitor from the micelle, further augmenting its concentration in tumor tissues. …

Targeted Delivery Strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Their Adverse Drug Reactions.

Currently, multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematopoietic system malignancy, known for its insidious onset and unfavorable prognosis. Recently developed chemotherapy drugs for MM have exhibited promising therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional clinical drug treatment, such as off-target effects, multiple drug resistance, and systemic toxicity, targeted drug delivery systems are optimizing the conventional pharmaceuticals for precise delivery to designated sites at controlled rates, striving for maximal efficacy and safety, presenting a promising appr

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… Micelles Micelles are formed by a hydrophobic core carrying hydrophobic anticancer drugs surrounded by a hydrophobic monolayer of amphiphilic lipids. … Polymeric Nanoparticles Polymers can form both micelles and polymer nanoparticles (PNPs). …

Research advances in peptide‒drug conjugates.

Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, link

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… longer circulating half-life of IFN α -ELP diblock micelles (54.7 h) than free IFN α (0.44 h). … Figure 5 The schematic illustration of thermally induced self-assembly of IFN α -ELPdiblock into a spherical micelle. (Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 78 . Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V.) …

Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Recent Advances.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug

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… , reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive micelles, and dual GSH-/ROS-responsive micelles for tumor-specific drug delivery [ 56 ]. … The dual GSH-/ROS-responsive micelles eliminated both ICSCs and MCSCs, whereas GSH-responsive micelles had no effect on MCSCs. This was attributed to the low GSH expression of MCSCs. …

Research progress of novel anti-tumor drug formulations.

Cancers have become the second leading cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases.Traditional anti- cancer strategies, including radiotherapy chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapies, have been widely used but are often reassessed due to their significant side effects and relatively low cure rate. Recently, the development of novel formulations for anti-tumor drugs has gained considerable attention, marking a pivotal step forward in cancer treatment advancements. These innovative formulations aim to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs by employing advance

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… Similarly, D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) modified carboxymethyl chitosan rhodopsinin (TCR) polymer micelles (pmms) for oral administration of paclitaxel, and demonstrated that the micelles can significantly improve the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel ( 15 ). … These self-assembled PTkCPT micelles served as nanotemplates for calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization. …

Pancreatic cancer: chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Pancreatic cancer in many cases appears in a non-curatively resectable stage when the diagnosis is made. Palliative treatment become an option in the patients with advanced stage. The present article reviewed chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various advanced stage of pancreatic cancer.

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… The diblock copolymers were self-assembled to form micelles and their hydrophobic core was used for the encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug (etoposide) in aqueous solution. The sizes of micelles were less than 250 nm with a narrow size distribution with monodispersed unimodal pattern. … Thus, etoposide-loaded MePEG/PCL block copolymeric micelles can be used as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for pancreatic cancer therapy[ 32 ]. …

Биоразлагаемые и стимульно-реагирующие наноматериалы для адресной доставки лекарств в аутоиммунных заболеваниях.

Аутоиммунные заболевания создают сложные терапевтические проблемы из-за их хронического характера, системного воздействия и требования к точному иммунодуляции во избежание негативных побочных эффектов. Недавние достижения в области биоразлагаемых и стимулирующих наноматериалов открыли новые возможности для адресных систем доставки наркотиков, способных решать эти проблемы. Этот обзор содержит всеобъемлющий анализ современных биоразлагаемых нанокарьеров, таких, как полимерные наночастицы, липосомы и гидрогели, разработанные для целевой доставки в аутоиммунную терапию. Эти наноматериалы предназн

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… Polymeric Micelles for Drug Encapsulation: Polymeric micelles, formed from amphiphilic copolymers, can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and protect them from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. … These micelles are small enough to penetrate the intestinal mucosa, providing efficient delivery to the target area. …

Unlocking the Potential of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis): Botanical Overview, Therapeutic Applications, and Nanotechnological Advances.

Background:Ganoderma lucidum (GL), commonly known as the "Lingzhi" or "Reishi" mushroom, has long been recognized for its potential health benefits and medicinal properties in traditional Chinese medicine. The unique potential combination of bioactive compounds present in GL, such as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and peptides, has inspired interest in leveraging their therapeutic potential In recent years, the emerging field of nanotechnology has opened up new possibilities for using the remarkable properties of GL at the nanoscale. Objetive: The main objective of this review is to explore t

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… Polymeric Micelles GL polymeric micelles (PMs) refer to micellar structures formed by the self-assembly of polymers derived from GL or incorporating extracts/components from the mushroom [ 105 ]. … Figure 5 Schematic representation of the evolution from micelle formation to GL polymeric micelle. 6.4. Lipid Nanoparticles LNPs refer to nanoparticles that are formed by encapsulating GL extracts or components within a lipid-based delivery system [ 125 ]. …

Nanomedicine for cancer patient-centered care.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increase in incidence is estimated in the next future, due to population aging, which requires the development of highly tolerable and low-toxicity cancer treatment strategies. The use of nanotechnology to tailor treatments according to the genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor, and to allow its targeted release, can meet this need, improving the efficacy of treatment and minimizing side effects. Nanomedicine-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly evolving field. Se

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… They typically have a hydrophobic core that can encapsulate hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs, improving their solubility and bioavailability, and a hydrophilic shell that stabilizes the micelle in aqueous environments. … Micelles can be functionalized with ligands for specific cancer cell targeting and can be loaded with imaging agents, such as fluorescent dyes, MRI contrast agents, or radionuclides, allowing them to be used for diagnostic imaging. 49 Like dendrimers, micelles can be engineered for multimodal imaging …

An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With thi

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… The cell viability assay of (C) HeLa cell line, (D) MCF-7 cells and (E) 4T1 cells incubated with free CPT, DC micelles and DCT micelles at different concentration for 72 h. … The cell viability assay of (C) HeLa cell line, (D) MCF-7 cells and (E) 4T1 cells incubated with free CPT, DC micelles and DCT micelles at different concentration for 72 h. …

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer.

Even though cancer treatment has improved over the recent decades, still more specific and effective treatment concepts are mandatory. Surgical removal is not always possible, metastases are challenging and chemo- and radiotherapy can not only have severe side-effects but also resistances may occur. To cope with these challenges more efficient therapies with fewer side-effects are required. One promising approach is the use of drug delivery vehicles. Here, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are discussed as biodegradable drug carrier to improve efficacy and reduce side-effects. MSN excellen

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… Furthermore, several polymeric and micelle based vehicles for cancer therapy were or are in clinical trials, respectively [ 3 ]. … When the surfactant concentration is above the critical micelle concentration, CTAB self-aggregates into micelles and the silica precursor condensates at the surface. A silica structure is formed around the surface of the micelles. …

Sophorolipids as anticancer agents: progress and challenges.

Sophorolipids (SLs) are considered effective biosurfactant for cancer treatment, which can efficiently inhibit the viability of various cancer types including breast, lung, liver, cervical and colon cancers. Their mechanism of action targets apoptosis and operates at the level of caspase enzymes, upregulation and downregulation of the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-family proteins, and changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability. The binding of SLs to the cancer cell receptors modulates the expression of Bax, APAF1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, and triggers the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol which fur

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… Moreover, nanostructures of SLs such as micelles improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, like curcumin and enhance bioavailability of the drugs in the gastrointestinal milieu of the rat [ 64 ]. … SLs can form nanostructures like micelle and vesicle that was used to functionalize iron oxide NPs for embodiments in biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications, enhancing stability and biocompatibility [ 66 ]. …

" Нанотехнология " : новые стратегии для многократной терапии миеломы.

Достижения в области нанотехнологии открыли новые возможности для диагностики и лечения множественной миеломы (ММ), гематологической злокачественности, характеризующейся клональным распространением плазменных клеток в костном мозге. В этом обзоре раскрывается потенциал нанотехнологии для революции миэломы с уделением особого внимания системам доставки наркотиков наночастиц, методам наномасштабной съемки и наноиммунотерапии. Системы доставки наркотиков, основанные на нанопартии, обеспечивают повышенную целенаправленность наркотиков, снижение системной токсичности и повышение терапевтической эфф

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… These systems include liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals, each with unique characteristics and mechanisms of action ( Figure 2 ). … In our third case study, we delve into the innovative use of polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in the treatment of myeloma. A pioneering preclinical study used poly(ethylene glycol)–polylactide (PEG–PLA) micelles to encapsulate bortezomib [ 113 ]. …

Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches.

Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, tr

Timeline of Translational Formulation Technologies for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned Therefrom.

Over the past few decades, the field of cancer therapy has seen a significant change in the way in which formulations are designed and developed, resulting in more efficient products that allow us to ultimately achieve improved drug bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. However, although many formulations have entered the market, many others have fallen by the wayside leaving the scientific community with several lessons to learn. The successes (and failures) achieved with formulations that have been approved in Europe and/or by the FDA for the three major types of cancer therapy (peptide-bas

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… XR17 is a type of technology that utilizes a mixture of two isoforms of N -retinoyl- l -cysteic acid methyl ester sodium salt to form 20–30-nm-sized micelles. … This formulation encapsulates cisplatin into 30-nm-sized polymeric micelles of polyethylene glycol–poly(glutamic acid) block copolymers [ 124 ]. …

Nanoparticles and bone microenvironment: a comprehensive review for malignant bone tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Malignant bone tumors, which are difficult to treat with current clinical strategies, originate from bone tissues and can be classified into primary and secondary types. Due to the specificity of the bone microenvironment, the results of traditional means of treating bone tumors are often unsatisfactory, so there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for malignant bone tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-based approaches have shown great potential in diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their versatility, making them highly suitable for applica

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… Compared to free drugs or control micelles, the constructed micelle ALN-NP exhibited reduced systemic toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. … The micelle structure consists of a core and a shell, where the hydrophobic core acts as a reservoir to prevent drug dissolution, while the hydrophilic shell provides water solubility and spatial stability to the micelle structure. …

Nanobodies Enhancing Cancer Visualization, Diagnosis and Therapeutics.

Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices continue to substantially contribute to the fight against cancer. However, these practices do have some risks, adverse effects and limitations, which can affect patient outcomes. Although antibodies have been developed, successfully used and proven beneficial in various oncology practices, the use of antibodies also comes with certain challenges and limitations (large in size, poor tumor penetration, high immunogenicity and a long

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… Previously, polymeric micelles were decorated with the EGa1 Nb and labeled with rhodamine [ 62 ]. … Previously, Talelli et al. (2013) encapsulated doxorubicin in EGa1 Nb polymeric-micelles and demonstrated that doxorubicin-EGa1-Nb polymeric-micelles more effectively inhibited tumor growth ( Table 3 ) than EGa1-Nb polymeric-micelles [ 63 ]. …

Parthenolide: pioneering new frontiers in hematological malignancies.

Hematological malignancies are the fifth most prevalent cancer category in developed countries, presenting significant treatment challenges. The side effects of chemotherapy and its non-selective nature have led researchers to explore combination therapies to enhance efficacy and improve patient outcomes. Parthenolide (PTL) emerges as a promising candidate, being the first small molecule identified for its selective action against leukemic stem cells. This article provides an overview of PTL's effects and its potential as a complementary treatment for hematological malignancies. A systematic s

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… Micelles (PSMA100-b-PS258) were created to enhance solubility, achieving a loading efficiency of 75% and enabling sustained release over 24 h. … In vitro , PTL-loaded micelles were taken up by MV4-11 AML cells, displaying dose-dependent cytotoxicity that reduced cell viability by 75% and also inhibited NF-KB at 10 μM ( Baranello et al., 2015 ). …

Biological Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: Cutting Edge Innovations in Precision Drug Delivery.

Cancer is a highly detrimental and fatal illness that poses a significant threat to human well-being. The pattern of cancer treatment is continuously being optimized by the advancement of old treatment approaches and the invention of novel treatment modes. Nanotechnology-based approaches are emerging as powerful candidates in the development of these advanced methods for treating tumors. This article provides a concise overview of nanotechnology for cancer or cancer nanomedicine and its applications. In light of prevalent issues, such as inadequate precision in targeting initial chemotherapy d

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… These include micelles, drug-bound albumin nanocarriers, nanocrystals of drugs, inorganic NPs, polymeric NPs, and traditional liposomes. … In addition to these, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, gold nanoparticles, and carbon dots have also been extensively investigated [ 22 , 23 ]. …

Radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy: a review.

Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology holds promise in advancing combination therapy by integrating multiple therapies on a nanostructure platform. This is due to the increased surface area, passive/active targeting capabilities, high payload

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… Shieh [ 93 ] loaded Dox onto multifunctional micelles. Tumors treated with 188 Re-Dox micelles reduced cellular proliferation and exhibited more necrotic features. Liu [ 94 ] discovered 131 I- 99m Tc-PDA-PEG/Dox nanoparticles for the combination of tumor targeted radiotherapy and chemotherapy. … Combined chemoradionuclide therapy using Poly(ε-caprolactone-b-ethylene oxide) micelles as the delivery vehicle. Adv Ther. 2023;6(5):2200224. 101. …