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Hematology

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… pica (ice, dirt), diet history, fever, night sweats, weight loss, past medical history (malignancy, chronic infections, rheumatologic disorders), medications (NSAIDs, ASA, anticoagulants), family history (thalassemia) PHYSICAL —vitals, koilonychia (spoon nails), alopecia, blue sclerae, conjunctival pallor … Vitals (bradycardia, hypoventilation, hypotension), leukonychia, clubbing, Dupuytren’s contractures, palmar erythema, asterixis, cool and dry skin, vitiligo, hair thinning, alopecia areata, periorbital edema, scleral icterus, conjunctival pallor, altered mental status, macroglossia, parotid enlargement …

A Rapid Review of Adenocarcinoma and Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Deadly Duo.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with various adenocarcinomas, most commonly gastric adenocarcinoma. This condition can progressively worsen pulmonary arterial hypertension, leading to acute or subacute pulmonary heart failure and respiratory insufficiency. This paper examines the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PTTM. Given PTTM's poor prognosis, we emphasize treatment strategies. PTTM in adenocarcinoma patients can mimic other pulmonary diseases, causing diagnostic delays. Current PTTM tr

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… hips Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy | Lung cancer | Digital clubbing, joint swelling, periostitis Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis | Various malignancies | Papules, nodules, destructive polyarthritis Hematological | Polycythemia | Renal cell carcinoma, cerebellar hemangioma | Increased hemoglobin, pallor …

Использование эластографии шейных волн для оценки окулярного участия в системном склерозе

Справочная информация: Ряд исследований, проведенных с целью получения изображений, подтвердили окулярное участие в системном склерозе (SSc). Однако эталограмма пока не используется для этой цели в литературе. Таким образом, данное исследование было направлено на оценку окулярного участия в SSc с использованием эластографии волн шеи (SWE). Методы: Это исследование включало в себя 29 SSc пациенты и 30 :: контроль за состоянием здоровья в зависимости от возраста и пола. Все участники прошли независимую офтальмологическую оценку two Офтальмологи. Впоследствии SWE использовалась для оценки сетчатк

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… individuals presenting with retinopathies unrelated to SSc, including, but not limited to, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, vascular sheathing or attenuation, chorioretinal scarring, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, glaucomatous optic nerve alterations, optic nerve edema, or pallor …

Rapidly Progressive Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Atypical Metastatic Pattern-A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Background and Clinical Significance: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy with increasing incidence among elderly, immunocompromised patients or individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Case Presentation: We present the case of an 84-year-old Caucasian male with no history of immunosuppression, who was admitted for asthenia, dysphagia, weight loss, and generalized weakness. Clinical and imaging investigations revealed a violaceous tumor on the right arm and disseminated metastases affecting the liver, spleen, bones and lymph nodes. A liver

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… Clinical deterioration occurred approximately two hours after the liver biopsy, with hypotension (BP = 65/40 mmHg), tachycardia (HR = 125 bpm), SpO 2 = 92%, profuse sweating, nausea and marked pallor. …

Diagnostic benefits of platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and albumin-to-globulin ratios in dogs with nasal cavity diseases.

BACKGROUND: A multimodal approach for diagnostic tests under anesthesia is required to diagnose nasal cavity pathology (NP) reliably in dogs. Blood test results may provide clues to the suspected NP. METHODS: This prospective blinded study assessed 72 dogs with chronic nasal discharge due to NPs, and 10 healthy dogs as the control group (CG). NPs were diagnosed using whole-body computed tomography (CT), upper airway endoscopy, examination of nasal mucosal swabs by bacterial and fungal culture, and histopathological examination of nasal mucosa biopsies. The exclusion criteria were the presence

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… In contrast to dogs with only nasal disease, dogs with nasal discharge or epistaxis due to systemic diseases such as ehrlichiosis, leishmaniasis, or multiple myeloma often have significant abnormalities on clinical examination and/or blood work, such as lymphadenomegaly, pallor of the mucous membranes …

Metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency: An underdiagnosed cause of diabetic neuropathy.

Metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency is a prevalent condition among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and the onset, progression, and worsening of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) as well as its improvement with supplementation in cases of deficiency. Major clinical guidelines for diabetes and DNP remain vague in their recommendations for B12 measurement and supplementation, and some guidelines do not address it at all. Given that vitamin B12 therapy is an economical, safe, and widely

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… Progressive pallor combined with hemolysis-induced jaundice due to increased erythrocyte rigidity and abnormal membrane proteins shortens their lifespan by 30%-50%, producing the characteristic lemon-yellow tint[ 5 ]. …

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Producing Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor and Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We herein report a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterized by paraneoplastic hypercalcemia-leukocytosis syndrome. The patient presented with systemic symptoms, including anorexia, a fever, and a tumoral lesion on the upper arm. Laboratory test results revealed hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. A tissue biopsy confirmed SCC, and further investigation revealed elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels. Immunostaining demonstrated G-CSF production by the tumor cells. Radiation therapy was administered, which i

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… The patient did not have pallor in the conjunctiva or jaundice in the sclera. He was lethargic and had a slightly dry mouth. The results of cardiac, respiratory, and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. The laboratory test results on admission are summarized in Table 1 . …

What Does the Economic Burden of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment Look Like for the Next Decade? An Analysis of Key Findings, Challenges and Recommendations.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is conventionally treated with chemotherapy in eligible patients. Potentially curative regimens are associated with significant toxicity, and the major cost drivers in AML historically have been hospitalization and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The past several years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of treatment options, including oral therapies and drugs targeted to biological pathways implicated in AML. Major current and future drivers of cost in AML include hospitalization and medical costs, stem cell transplantation for eligible patients,

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… Leukemic blast cells are found in the circulating blood as well as in the bone marrow, where they disrupt normal blood cell production, leading to myelosuppression. 1 Consequences of AML include anemia, with weakness and pallor, thrombocytopenia, resulting in bleeding, and leukopenia, leading to fever …

Babesia microti-induced fulminant sepsis in an immunocompromised host: A case report and the case-specific literature review.

Babesia microti is an obligate intra-erythrocytic parasite transmitted by infected ticks. B. microti is a eukaryote much larger than prokaryotic microbes and more similar to human hosts in their biochemistry and metabolism. Moreover, Babesia spp. possess various immune evasion mechanisms leading to persistent and sometimes life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised hosts. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult B-cell malignancy, and a small percentage of CLL transforms into aggressive lymphomas. CLL also causes immune dysfunction due to the over-expansion of immatur

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… Resveratrol induces apoptosis of malignant lymphocytes in vitro [ 32 ] and in vivo [ 33 ] Antioxidant supplementation started at the beginning of January 2020, generating one week of symptomatic relief, but by the second week, the patient’s symptoms had progressively worsened with severe pallor, dyspnea …

Role of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells in the Evolving Therapeutic Landscape of Multiple Myeloma: A Literature Review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a quotidian malignant disorder of plasma cells. It is hallmarked by the uncontrolled growth of bone marrow plasma cells, leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Despite ongoing advancements in remedies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs, stem cell transplantations, and countless other lines of treatment, the management of MM remains a challenge. Recent studies indicate promising outcomes with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, especially in patients who have previously undergone other treatments. This literature review aims to explo

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… Anemia leads to fatigue, pallor, and palpitations. Bone disease can cause fractures, reducing height due to spinal cord compression, radicular pain, and kyphosis [ 2 ]. …

Novel Molecular Therapies and Genetic Landscape in Selected Rare Diseases with Hematologic Manifestations: A Review of the Literature.

Rare diseases affect less than 1 in 2000 people and are characterized by a serious, chronic, and progressive course. Among the described diseases, a mutation in a single gene caused mastocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Gaucher disease, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (KIT, ADAMTS13, GBA1, and PIG-A genes, respectively). In Castleman disease, improper ETS1, PTPN6, TGFBR2, DNMT3A, and PDGFRB genes cause the appearance of symptoms. In histiocytosis, several mutation variants are described: BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP3K1, ARAF, ERBB3, NRAS, KRAS, PICK1, PIK3R2, and PIK3CA. Genes like H

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… Common symptoms in children include pallor, fatigue, weakness, hemorrhage, thrombosis, and isolated hemoglobinuria [ 75 ]. The gold standard test to confirm PNH is flow cytometry performed on peripheral blood that detects very small PNH clones (<1% of a patient’s hematopoiesis) [ 74 , 76 , 77 ]. …

Trichotillomania: Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl.

Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a pati … 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children. Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5). The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents. The dermatolo …

Antifungal Management in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: From Primary Prophylaxis to Empirical and Diagnosis-Driven Treatment

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies, especially those undergoing intensive chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This text provides a comprehensive risk-adapted framework for antifungal prophylaxis, stratifying patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk categories. Mold-active prophylaxis, primarily with posaconazole, is recommended for high-risk patients such as those with acute myeloid leukemia during remission induction or those with grade III-IV graft-versus-host

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… In early stages, pallor and discoloration in the nasal cavity, as well as necrosis, ulceration, or eschar formation on the nasal septum, may be observed. …

Secondary Neutropenias.

Neutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that typically present with muted symptoms. Neutropenias encompass a heterogeneous set of disorders, comprising primary neutropenias, in which specific genes are mutated, and the more common secondary neutropenias, which have diverse non-genetic causes. These include hematological and other cancers, inv

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… The resultant neutropenia typically occurs in association with other cytopenias, such as macrocytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, along with symptoms of fatigue, pallor and weight loss [ 67 ]. …

NTP Technical Report on the comparative toxicity studies of allyl acetate (CAS No. 591-87-7), allyl alcohol (CAS No. 107-18-6) and acrolein (CAS No. 107-02-8) administered by gavage to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Allyl acetate, allyl alcohol, and acrolein are used in the manufacture of detergents, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals and as agricu … the respective vehicle controls. Clinical findings related to allyl acetate administration included pallor, eye or nasal discharge, ruffled fur, lethargy, diarrhea, and thinness among rats in the 100 mg/kg groups and lethargy, abnormal breathing, thinness, and ruffled fur among mice that died early. In the acrolein study, clinical findings included abnor …

Time to haematologist visit and non-haematological referral from primary health care during blood cancer diagnosis - findings from a large national survey in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Blood cancers are the third most common cancer in Australia. However, little is known about their diagnostic pathway in the Australian context. This research aimed to assess the interval between first primary health care (PHC) contact and first haematologist visit, and referrals to specialists other than haematologists (non-haematological referrals) during blood cancer diagnoses. METHODS: An online national survey was conducted with patients living with blood cancers, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MD

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… According to the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline Suspected cancer: recognition and referral (NG12) [ 18 ], patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of haematological malignancy (e.g., unexplained pallor, fatigue, fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or bleeding …

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Epidemiology, Etiology and Management.

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and motor information necessary for safety, movement, reflexes, and optimization of autonomic function. After a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), supraspinal influences on the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) are disrupted, leading to spastic paralysis, sympathetic blunting, and parasympathetic dominance, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias, systemic hypotension, bronchoconstriction, copious re

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… This results in vacuolar formation and myelin pallor or demyelination, leading to spongiform degeneration of the spinal cord. There is evidence of axonal swelling and reactive astrocytosis. …

61st Annual Conference of Indian Society of Gastroenterology, Virtual Diamond Jubilee ISGCON 2020, 19-20th December 2020.

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Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (CAS No. 99-97-8) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (gavage studies).

N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine was nominated for toxicology and carcinogenesis studies by the National Cancer Institute based on the potential for … f the vehicle controls after week 61 and week 33, respectively. Clinical findings included signs of pallor in 60 mg/kg females and hyperactivity and boxing behavior in 20 mg/kg females and 60 mg/kg males and females. The hematology findings at the 3-month timepoint were consistent with those in the 3-month study in rats which indicated that methemoglobin …

Immunotherapy of Hematological Malignancies of Human B-Cell Origin with CD19 CAR T Lymphocytes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are hematological malignancies with high incidence rates that respond relatively well to conventional therapies. However, a major issue is the clinical emergence of patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) NHL or ALL. In such circumstances, opportunities for complete remission significantly decline and mortality rates increase. The recent FDA approval of multiple cell-based therapies, Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel), Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel), Tecartus (Brexucabtagene autoleucel KTE-X19), and Breyanzi (Lisocabtagene Mara

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… Common symptoms include bleeding or bruising due to thrombocytopenia, infection from neutropenia and pallor/fatigue due to anemia [ 2 ]. ALL mainly targets the hematopoietic stem cells but it can spread to organs like the spleen and liver, as well as the CNS and lymph nodes [ 5 ]. …