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Anaerobic biodegradability of mixtures of pesticides in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor.

The biodegradability and toxicity of three commercial pesticides containing 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), imidacloprid and dim … nergistic/antagonistic responses, reducing the MCPA biodegradation and improving the removal of the insecticides' active ingredients, which were completely removed in the EGSB reactor.

N-terminal aromatic residues closely impact the cytolytic activity of cupiennin 1a, a major spider venom peptide.

Cupiennins are small cationic α-helical peptides from the venom of the ctenid spider Cupiennius salei which are characterized by high bactericidal as well as hemolytic activities. To gain insight into the determinants responsible for the broad cytolytic activities, two analogues of cupiennin 1a with different N-terminal hydrophobicities were designed. The insecticidal, bactericidal and hemolytic activities of these analogues were assayed and compared to the native peptide. Specifically, substitution of two N-terminal Phe residues by Ala results in less pronounced insecticidal and cytolytic act

Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: conclusions and recommendations of September 2013 meeting.

The Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the World Health Organization held its fourth meeting in Geneva, Switzerland from 11 to 13 September, 2013. This article provides a summary of the discussions, conclusions and recommendations from that meeting.Meeting sessions included: recommendations for achieving universal coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets; guidance on estimating the longevity of insecticide-treated nets; improving capacity in entomology and vector control; a review of the latest evidence on intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy; improving dissemination of Ma

Insect repellents and associated personal protection for a reduction in human disease.

Personal protection measures against biting arthropods include topical insect repellents, area repellents, insecticide-treated bednets and treated clothing. The literature on the effectiveness of personal protection products against arthropods is mainly limited to studies of prevention of bites, rather than prevention of disease. Tungiasis was successfully controlled by application of topical repellents and scrub typhus was reduced through the use of treated clothing. Successful reduction of leishmaniasis was achieved through the use of topical repellents, treated bednets and treated clothing

Role of syrphid larvae and other predators in suppressing aphid infestations in organic lettuce on California's Central Coast.

Organic lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., growers on the Central Coast of California rely on conservation biological control to manage Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and other aphid pests of lettuce. In 2006, we carried out five replicated field trials to determine the importance of syrphid larvae in the suppression of N. ribisnigri and other aphids infesting organic romaine lettuce. We used Entrust, a spinosad-based insecticide approved for use on organic farms, to suppress syrphid larvae in aphid-infested romaine. Romaine treated with Entrust was unmarketable at harvest because

Wet deposition of current use pesticides at a rural location on the Delmarva Peninsula: impact of rainfall patterns and agricultural activity.

Event-based precipitation samples were collected during the main agricultural season (April-September) over 4 years (2000-2003) at one site in the Choptank River Watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula. The samples were analyzed for 19 agricultural pesticides to determine the contribution of wet deposition as a source of these compounds to the Chesapeake Bay and the factors affecting the temporal trends in deposition. Chlorothalonil was detected most frequently (92% samples) followed by metolachlor (66%) and endosulfans (49%). Although chlorothalonil is the single biggest contributor to pesticide

Kinetic disposition of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of deltamethrin applied to sheep in a plunge-dip and its effect on lice.

An emulsifiable concentrate formulation of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was applied in a plunge dip, 3 weeks after shearing, to a group of 5 Merino sheep infested with sheep body lice, Bovicola ovis. Deltamethrin concentrations on the wool were measured at regular intervals between 1 and 98 days after treatment and were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between sites on the dorsal mid-line, upper or lower flank. Levels in the tip of the fleece were significantly greater than those in the base, indicating that there was little movement of deltamethrin down the staple a

Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among women attending ANC Clinic in Kwadaso Municipality, Ghana: a health facility based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Globally, malaria remains a critical public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant mothers are at a relatively higher risk of severe malaria than their non-pregnant counterparts due to natural immune suppression. In Ghana, the prevalence of malaria during pregnancy poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. The primary aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among women attending ANC clinics in the Kwadaso Municipal, Ghana. METHOD: This study employed a cross-sectional design to gather quantitative data

First report of the pyrethroid-resistance-associated V1016I mutation in Aedes aegypti at the seaport of Cotonou, Benin, West Africa.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors is a key strategy to anticipate emerging and re-emerging diseases, particul … rom June 2023 to November 2024. Standard WHO susceptibility tube tests were performed using several insecticides: deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin (pyrethroids), bendiocarb (carbamate), and pirimiphos-methyl (organophosphate). The potential role of metabolic resistance mechanisms was investigated through synergist assays using piperonyl butoxid …

Seasonal abundance, host seeking and resting behaviours of Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus complexes in Mazowe and Shamva districts, Zimbabwe.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Determining the host seeking and resting behaviours of malaria vectors in a locality is vital for the design and impl … people when they are not protected by ITNs and resting in outdoor areas or indoor structures where insecticides are not applied. Supplementary interventions, including larval source management (LSM) and repellents, are required to reduce the risks of residual malaria transmission.

Multicentric longitudinal study on malaria burden, vector bionomics and health system assessment in diverse eco-epidemiological settings in the context of malaria elimination in India: study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in India, with transmission dynamics varying widely across ecological, epidemi … ent of susceptibility status and intensity of insecticide resistance to commonly used public health insecticides. Environmental variables, including temperature, rainfall and humidity, will be linked with entomological and epidemiological data to explore spatiotemporal relationships. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was approved by the Institute Human E …

Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids with possible involvement of non-coding ribonucleic acids in Anopheles funestus, the major malaria vector in western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: The resurgence of Anopheles funestus, a dominant vector of human malaria in western Kenya was partly attributed to insecticide resistance. However, evidence on the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in western Kenya is limited. Here, we reported metabolic resistance mechanisms and demonstrated that multiple non-coding Ribonucleic Acids (ncRNAs) could play a potential role in An. funestus resistance to pyrethroid in western Kenya. Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were sampled using aspiration methods in Bungoma, Teso, Siaya, Port Victoria and Kombewa in western Kenya. The F1 prog

[The epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak of Dengue fever in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2023].

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2023, it was found that a total of 1 697 cases of … chlorpyrifos, and the Aedes albopictus adult mosquitoes showed sensitivity to two organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion), and to one type of Aedes albopictus adults were sensitive to two kinds of organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion) and a kind of pyrethroid carbamate insecticide (carbofuran).

Resolution of blood eosinophilia and limited mouth opening after short-term follow-up in a pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis case.

1. The spiders of medical importance in the Asia-Pacific region include widow (family Theridiidae) and Australian funnel-web spiders (subfamily Atracinae). In addition, cupboard (family Theridiidae) and Australian mouse spiders (family Actinopodidae) may contain neurotoxins responsible for serious systemic envenomation. Fortunately, there appears to be extensive cross-reactivity of species-specific widow spider antivenom within the family Theridiidae. Moreover, Sydney funnel-web antivenom has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mouse spider envenomation. 2. alpha-Latrotoxin (alpha-L

Disruption of the Diurnal Cortisol Hormone Pattern by Pesticide Use in a Longitudinal Study of Farmers in Thailand.

Alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones has been associated with a range of chronic metabolic and cardiovascula … e in the past 8 months (organic and some of the conventional farmers). Those who frequently applied insecticides in the past 8 months had significantly lower bedtime levels and diurnal cortisol slopes, compared with those with no spray days of insecticide in the past 8 months. There were no significant differences in cortisol hormones between those who frequen …

Эволюция kdr haplotype в мировом популяции Aedes aegypti: независимое происхождение кдр мутации F1534C.

Eedes aegypti — главный вектор лихорадки денге, чикунгунии, зика и желтой лихорадки в городах. Инсектициды часто являются наиболее эффективными средствами быстрого снижения плотности переносчиков, особенно во время вспышек арбовирусных заболеваний. Однако интенсивное применение инсектицидов, в частности пиретроидов, было выбрано для устойчивых комарных популяций во всем мире. К числу основных механизмов устойчивости к пиретроидам и ДДТ, известных также как "контактная резистентность", относятся мутации в питаемом напряжением канале натрия (NaV). Здесь мы рассказываем об исследованиях происхожд

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and urban yellow fever. Insecticides are often the most effective tools to rapidly decrease the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has selected for resistant mosquito populations worl…

A randomized, blinded, controlled trial to assess sand fly mortality of fluralaner administered orally in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum is the parasite responsible for the disease in humans known as zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). Dogs are considered the main domestic reservoir of ZVL and sand flies are the proven vectors. The use of systemic insecticides in dogs has been studied as an alternative strategy to control ZVL in endemic areas. One systemic insecticide in dogs, fluralaner, has a proven anti-sand fly effect in membrane-fed studies. However, the efficacy and duration on sand flies directly feeding from dogs treated with fluralaner remains unknown. METHODS: Direct feeding bioassa…

Impact of an integrated control campaign on tsetse populations in Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of human and animal trypanosomosis. In Burkina Faso, a project aiming to create zones free of tsetse flies and trypanosomosis was executed from June 2006 to December 2013. After the determination of tsetse distribution in the intervention area from December 2007 to November 2008, the control campaign was launched in November 2009 and ended in December 2013. The goal was to eliminate tsetse flies from 40,000 km2 of area, through an integrated control campaign including insecticide targets, traps and cattle, sequential aerial treatment (SAT) and the

Evaluating the sterilizing effect of pyriproxyfen treated mosquito nets against Anopheles gambiae at different blood-feeding intervals.

Pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors are widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa and new insecticides with different modes of action are urgently needed. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone mimic that reduces fecundity and fertility of adult Anopheles mosquitoes when used as a contact insecticide. A long-lasting insecticidal net incorporating pyriproxyfen is under development. As wild, host-seeking females may succeed in blood-feeding at different intervals after initial contact with mosquito nets the aim of this study was to determine the effect that age and gonotrophic status (nulliparous or…

Post-transcriptional regulation of ABCB1 by miR-34-5p is associated with emamectin benzoate susceptibility in Spodoptera frugiperda.

Emamectin benzoate serves as a critical insecticide for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. However, the emergence of resistance to emamectin benzoate poses a significant challenge to effective pest management, and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. This study demonstrates that resistance levels in field populations of S. frugiperda have progressively increased, with ABCB1 expression was positively associated with resistant phenotypes. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-established as crucial regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, their speci