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WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The reduction of maternal deaths is a key international development goal. Evidence-based health policies and programmes aiming to reduce maternal deaths need reliable and valid information. We undertook a systematic review to determine the distribution of causes of maternal deaths. METHODS: We selected datasets using prespecified criteria, and recorded dataset characteristics, methodological features, and causes of maternal deaths. All analyses were restricted to datasets representative of populations. We analysed joint causes of maternal deaths from datasets reporting at least fo

Fine mapping of 10q and 18q for familial Alzheimer's disease in Caribbean Hispanics.

Familial Alzheimer's disease (AD [MIM 104300]) has been a focus of intense investigation, primarily in Caucasian families from Europe and North America families. Although the late-onset form of familial AD, beginning after age 65 years, has been linked to regions on chromosomes 10q and 12p, the specific genetic variants have not yet been consistently identified. Using a unique cohort of families of Caribbean Hispanics ancestry, we screened the genome using 340 markers on 490 family members from 96 families with predominantly late-onset AD. We observed the strongest support for linkage on 18q (

Maternal Origin and Risk of Neonatal and Maternal ICU Admission.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate maternal world region of birth, as well as maternal country of origin, and the associated risk of admission of 1) a mother to a maternal ICU, 2) her infant to a neonatal ICU, or 3) both concurrently to an ICU. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: Entire province of Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2012. PATIENTS: All singleton maternal-child pairs who delivered in any Ontario hospital. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We explored how maternal world region of birth, and specifically, maternal country of birth for the top 25 countries, was associat

Imported zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma braziliense infections in a cat in Romania.

Hookworms are widespread zoonotic parasites affecting humans and companion animals worldwide. We report molecular characterization of Ancylostoma ceylanicum and A. braziliense in a cat imported into Romania from Guadeloupe, an overseas administrative region of the French Republic in the Caribbean. This finding underscores the role of molecular diagnostics in detecting the transboundary introduction of exotic hookworms with significant zoonotic potential.

Consensus Statement: Importance of Timely Access to Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Treatment in Central America and the Caribbean.

BackgroundIn Central America and the Caribbean, multiple myeloma (MM) patients face significant barriers to diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study is to describe the current situation of MM in the region, discuss the current barriers to timely diagnosis and proper treatment, and develop consensus recommendations to address these issues.MethodsNine experts from five countries took part in a virtual consensus meeting on MM in Central America and the Caribbean. During the meeting, experts analyzed the disease burden, the current conditions for disease management, and access to treatment i

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… This document describes the current situation of MM in the Central America and the Caribbean regions, highlighting the main barriers and challenges, and includes consensus recommendations on strategies to reduce the burden of disease and improve the quality of life of patients. …

A systematic analysis of the literature on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America focusing on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk of bias.

This analysis article aimed to identify and analyze all articles published on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk of bias. We did a systematic survey of the literature with broad inclusion criteria. The only exclusion criteria were articles referring to post-acute COVID-19 sequelae after an intensive care unit stay, which we distinguish from the post-COVID-19 condition. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos. We included 55 records, of which 48 were original a

Caribbean Islands facilitated the colonization of Western Hemisphere barn owls, yet experienced rampant extinction.

Island biodiversity reflects multiple evolutionary roles, encompassing lineages derived from nearby continents, relict taxa and, in limited cases, sources of continental diversity. Reconstructing the biogeographic history and island-mainland diversification dynamics requires an integrated understanding of speciation, extinction and dispersal processes to and from islands. Extensive Holocene extinctions may obscure patterns of diversity and connectivity. Tytonidae (barn and bay owls) is a bird group with a worldwide distribution and numerous Quaternary extinctions. Here, we use ultraconserved e

Consequences of United States funding suspensions on community-led HIV services in Latin America and the Caribbean: findings of a rapid service provider survey.

INTRODUCTION: Foreign aid provided by the United States government (USG), including support for HIV services, has been suspended or dismantled since January 2025. Early research and modelling projections have suggested significant impacts globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of USG funding suspensions on community-led HIV services in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHODS: We surveyed community-led organizations providing HIV services in LAC in February-March 2025. Organization leaders were recruited through a network of HIV service organizations.

Biomonitoring of microplastics in the Caribbean Sea with invasive lionfish.

Biomonitoring or using organisms to assess the distribution and bioavailability of microplastics (MPs) is one approach for improving the management of MPs that are abundant and ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. The Caribbean region lacks a target species for biomonitoring MPs. Here, we propose using the introduced lionfish (Pterois spp.) that have successfully invaded the Caribbean Sea and Western Atlantic Ocean. With their widespread population and broad ecological niche, the life history characteristics of invasive lionfish are well suited for biomonitoring. To evaluate whether invasive lionf…

Neo-tropical species production: a sustainable strategy for climate change adaptation in neo-tropical regions.

This opinion piece clarifies the impact of climate change on animal production in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region and proposes a sustainable solution. Anthropogenic climate change has resulted in higher ambient temperatures, rainfall, humidity, storms and desertification. These events have direct and indirect effects on conventional animal performance and this piece will highlight the impact of increased temperatures on their welfare, health and production in the LAC. Alternative species such as neo-tropical wildlife animals have been proposed as climate resilient animals for use

Health and economic benefits of achieving contraceptive and maternal health targets in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific and Caribbean.

INTRODUCTION: Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women's health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States. METHODS: Five Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and

Impact of human behavior on the spread of African swine fever virus: what every veterinarian should know.

African swine fever virus was first identified and characterized in Africa in the early 1900s, but it has spread exponentially in Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean since 2018. While it is a disease that exclusively affects swine, thus posing no infectious risk to human health, the virus's resiliency and human behavior have facilitated the rapid global dissemination of the virus over the past 4 years. In this Currents in One Health, we will review its epidemiology, viral characteristics, host range, and current prevention strategies; the current perspective on what a response would look like and

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in French Afro-Caribbean children, a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology and clinical presentation of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in the Afro-Caribbean population is not well described. METHODS: Retrospective study conducted between January 2000 and January 2022 in the French Overseas Departments of America. Clinical data were obtained from multiple sources: computerized hospital archives, registries of referring pediatricians, and the French National Registry for rare diseases. The disease studied was sJIA defined according to international criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were identified. Mean age at diagn

Monitoring progress of maternal and neonatal immunization in Latin America and the Caribbean.

INTRODUCTION: The Americas committed to strengthening maternal and neonatal immunization (MNI) through the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional Immunization Action Plan (RIAP) 2016-20. We describe the progress toward RIAP MNI-related targets and those related to improvement of data quality and information systems; analyze national MNI policies and vaccination coverages; and identify enablers and challenges of monitoring and reporting MNI vaccination coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). METHODOLOGY: Descriptive study of national MNI policies, vaccination coverage, and

Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Childhood Physical Abuse and Mental Health of U.S. Caribbean Women: The Interrelationship of Social, Contextual, and Migratory Influences.

The literature has shown an increased risk for mental health conditions among victims of domestic violence. Few studies have examined the relationship between mental health disorders and domestic violence among Caribbean women, and how the association might be influenced by migratory and contextual factors. This study addresses the mental well-being of U.S. Caribbean Black women victims of domestic violence, and the relationships between acculturation, discrimination, and demographic influences. An analysis of data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life (NSAL) re-interview, the fi

Introduction to the special issue: Applying a Caribbean perspective to an analysis of HIV/AIDS.

This introduction presents a special issue of Global Public Health with a collection of articles that offer multidisciplinary perspectives on HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. Since the 1990s, poverty, marginalisation, and social stigma have been strong foci of much social science research on HIV/AIDS in the region. These three interrelated phenomena have been offered as explanatory factors contributing to the high prevalence of cases observed in this region. Contributors to this special issue take these emphases in new directions, asking multi-level questions that require unique combinations of epid

Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea, Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.

The heteronemertean genus Dushia Corrêa, 1963 was established for what was identified as D. atra (Girard, 1851) (originally Meckelia atra) based on material from littoral, shallow waters in Curaçao, while the nominal species Meckelia atra was originally described from deep water off Florida Cape. In this paper, we conclude that the type species for Dushia has been misidentified. Based on specimens from the Caribbean, we establish D. wijnhoffae Schwartz Norenburg sp. nov. to represent the true identity of the genus, according to Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclatur

Proposal and Actions to Decrease Malnutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean.

While some of our countries are still facing nutrition deficiencies (stunting/short stature and micronutrient deficiencies), overweight and obesity are increasing in an alarming way. In addition, a very limited research network and lack of funding make it extremely challenging to foster collaborative efforts to address the complex nutritional problems that Latin America is facing. Therefore, as the future leaders in nutrition, we reinforce our commitment to improve our research capacity to identify opportunities for action to end malnutrition in all its forms in our region to address health di

The impact of paralytic bovine rabies transmitted by vampire bats in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The effective control of dog rabies in Latin America is justifiably seen as a major success in the struggle to limit this devastating zoonosis. However, rabies remains a problem, due to the presence of the virus in bat populations throughout the region, including vampire bats. Vampire bats obtain nutrition exclusively through consuming blood by biting mammals and birds. This makes the species a highly efficient vector of the rabies virus, responsible for sporadic outbreaks of rabies in human populations and numerous cases of rabies in livestock. This, in turn, causes economic losses to the far

Skin parasitism by Paratrichosoma recurvum in wild American crocodiles and its relation to environmental and biological factors.

Paratrichosma spp. are capillarid worms that parasitize the abdominal skin of crocodiles. They are likely not a threat to crocodiles' health, but they affect the skins' commercial value. No successful treatment exists against this parasite, and present knowledge of its life cycle is limited. Herein we report new information on Paratrichosoma recurvum occurrence in wild American crocodiles Crocodylus acutus from Mexican Caribbean islands and its relation to environmental (water salinity, temperature, climatic events) and biological (body condition) factors. The percentage of parasitized crocodi