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Granulomatous amebic encephalitis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) is rare, but often fatal. The infection has been documented predominantly among the immunocompromised population or among those with chronic disease. To date, however, there have only been eight cases regarding the infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CASE DESCRIPTION: A 62-year-old female with a history of relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, recently underwent peripheral blood autologous stem cell transplant after BEAM conditioning (day 0). On day +15, she began to exhibit worsening fatigue, generalized we…

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Up-front rituximab-based chemotherapy has improved outcomes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); refractory or relapsed NHL still accounts for approximately 18,000 deaths in the United States. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) can improve survival in primary refractory or relapsed aggressive NHL and mantle cell lymphoma and in relapsed follicular or peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Autologous SCT as a consolidation therapy after first complete or partial remission in high-risk aggressive NHL, mantle cell lymphoma, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma may improve progression-free survival…

Cost of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in India.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a definite cure for many hematological diseases. With the increasing indications for HSCT and its relatively low cost in Indian subcontinent, an increasing number of patients are opting for this procedure. We retrospectively analyzed the cost of one hundred sixty two HSCTs done at our center in the last three years. The median cost of autologous transplant was USD, $ 12,500 (range $ 10,331-39,367) and the median cost of allogeneic transplant was $ 17,914 (range $ 10,832-44,701). The cost of HSCT is cheaper here compared to that in developed cou…

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for advanced systemic mastocytosis.

PURPOSE: Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM), a fatal hematopoietic malignancy characterized by drug resistance, has no standard therapy. The effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHCT) in SM remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a global effort to define the value of HCT in SM, 57 patients with the following subtypes of SM were evaluated: SM associated with clonal hematologic non-mast cell disorders (SM-AHNMD; n = 38), mast cell leukemia (MCL; n = 12), and aggressive SM (ASM; n = 7). Median age of patients was 46 years (range, 11 to 67 years). Donors wer…

Renal pathology associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The kidney is subject to a large variety of injurious factors before, during, and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), leading to a high incidence of acute kidney injury in the peritransplant period. Chronic kidney disease is estimated to impact 15% to 20% of HCT recipients. Although renal biopsies may be deferred in the setting of thrombotic microangiopathy, acute self-limited impairment, or slowly progressive functional decline, in many patients renal biopsy yields important diagnostic insight to guide treatment. Light microscopic, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural anal…

The place of transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a heterogeneous natural history. Significant strides have been made in the management of MCL. Clinical follow-up exceeds a decade with long-term remission durations in some patients. Modern induction strategies employ rituximab; a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-like backbone; and cytarabine (in alternating or sequential regimens). However, bendamustine/rituximab therapy is challenging these induction strategies. The role of transplant is in clinical evolution. Up-front high-dose therapy and a

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mycosis fungoides.

Mycosis Fungoides is typically an indolent disease in early stages. However, approximately 30% of patients have advanced staged disease at presentation and 20% will develop it at some time. These patients have a poorer prognosis with a median survival of 2-4 years. The only curative option for mycosis fungoides may be hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We report the case of a patient with mycosis fungoides in an advanced stage (IIB), refractory to treatment options. She underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The patient remains in complete re…

Stem cell transplantation in noise induced hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate efficacy of bone marrow stem cell implantation in rehabilitation of noise induced hearing loss in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hearing loss was induced in male rats by a continuous wide-band noise (8-16 kHz/120 dB/120 min). Ten microliter of stem cell containing solution was injected by a Hamilton syringe with 30 G needle through the round window membrane. Hearing status was examined by, distortion product otoacoustic emissions using DP-OAE. Animals were studied in 4 different groups: (1) Normal hearing animals, undergoing sham surgery (no injection done, only round

Pulmonary and Hepatic Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

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… Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha action delays but does not prevent lung injury induced by alloreactive T helper 1 cells. Transplantation. 2000;70(1):39–43. Cooke KR, Yanik G. Lung injury following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. … Airway dilation in bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Respir Med. 2013;107(2):276–283. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.11.002. …

Costs and cost-effectiveness of hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Interest is growing in economic and comparative effectiveness analyses, with increasing emphasis on optimizing healthcare resources and costs. Limited information is available on the economic aspects of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We review contemporary literature on the costs and cost-effectiveness of HCT in the United States and worldwide. Published studies confirm the high costs associated with HCT, although the reported costs are highly variable, related to the differing methodologies used across studies. We examine the challenges in reviewing costs and cost-effectiveness acr…

Drug hypersensitivity reactions during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Drugs may elicit a considerable variety of clinical signs, often affecting the skin and the mucous membranes. The most common are maculopapu … larly maculopapular exanthemas have a high incidence among patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In many cases, a virus- or drug-induced origin or a combination of both is responsible. However, the transplantation itself may also induce similar skin changes. These exanthemas include most often graft-versus-host disease, and rarely engraftment …

Advances in cell transplantation therapy for diseased myocardium.

The overall objective of cell transplantation is to repopulate postinfarction scar with contractile cells, thus improving systolic function, and to prevent or to regress the remodeling process. Direct implantation of isolated myoblasts, cardiomyocytes, and bone-marrow-derived cells has shown prospect for improved cardiac performance in several animal models and patients suffering from heart failure. However, direct implantation of cultured cells can lead to major cell loss by leakage and cell death, inappropriate integration and proliferation, and cardiac arrhythmia. To resolve these problems …

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Survivors of childhood cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are subject to a range of cardiac late effects including conduction abnormalities. We present, the case of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with inappropriate sinus tachycardia after a history of multiply relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and an exposure history including anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by the total body irradiation in the context of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The clinical importance of this late cardiac effect along with the potential options for therapy is discussed.

Thrombotic microangiopathy in haematopoietic cell transplantation: an update.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a vital procedure for patients with various hematologic conditions. Despite advances in the field, HCT carries significant morbidity and mortality. A rare but potentially devastating complication is transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). In contrast to idiopathic TTP, whose etiology is attributed to deficient activity of ADAMTS13, (a member of the A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin 1 repeats family of metalloproteases), patients with TA-TMA have > 5% ADAMTS13 activity. Pathophysiologic me…

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for refractory myasthenia gravis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with intractable myasthenia gravis (MG) who was treated with a matched sibling peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. DESIGN: Case report. Patient A 17-year-old boy with MG diagnosed at 11 months of age who was previously treated with pyridostigmine, intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, thymectomies, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, plasmaphereses, rituximab, and high-dose cyclophosphamide. RESULTS: The patient underwent a reduced-toxicity conditioning with intravenous busulfan, fludarabine, and alemtuzumab, followed by a peripheral blood ste…

Intracranial hemorrhage following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Charts and radiographs of 622 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, over a 20-year period, were retrospectively reviewed for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following transplant. A total of 21 cases of ICH were identified (3.4%) including 15 cases of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), two cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and four cases of subdural hematoma (SDH). The median time from transplantation to the onset of ICH was 63 days (range, 6-3,488 days). The clinical features of post-transplant ICH patients were similar and included hypertension, diabetes mellitu

Second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in myeloid malignancies.

Purpose of reviewHematopoietic stem cell and umbilical cord blood transplantation can be a life-saving procedure for many patients with myeloid malignancies. The posttransplant period, however, can be complicated by graft failure and disease relapse, prompting the need for further therapy. Herein, we review and examine the data of second allogeneic stem cell transplant after autologous, allogeneic and umbilical cord blood transplantation.Recent findingsAlthough large, prospective, multicenter trials are lacking, certain factors such as younger patient age, lower disease burden and a longer int