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General and substance-specific predictors of young adult nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and problem behavior: replication in two samples.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents two replications of a heuristic model for measuring environment in studies of gene-environment interplay in the etiology of young adult problem behaviors. METHODS: Data were drawn from two longitudinal, U.S. studies of the etiology of substance use and related behaviors: the Raising Healthy Children study (RHC; N=1040, 47% female) and the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS; N=1512, 50% female). RHC included a Pacific Northwest, school-based, community sample. MTFS included twins identified from state birth records in Minnesota. Both studies included commensurate

How Oral Contraceptives Impact Social-Emotional Behavior and Brain Function.

Millions of women worldwide use oral contraceptives ('the pill'; OCs), often starting at a pubertal age when their brains are in a crucial developmental stage. Research into the social-emotional effects of OCs is of utmost importance. In this review, we provide an overview of studies that have emerged over the past decade investigating how OCs, and their main ingredients estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), influence social-emotional behaviors and underlying brain functions. Based on this overview, we present a heuristic model that postulates that OCs modulate core social-emotional behaviors an

A mind to go out of: reflections on primary and secondary consciousness.

Dreaming and waking are two brain-mind states, which are characterized by shared and differentiated properties at the levels of brain and consciousness. As part of our effort to capitalize on a comparison of these two states we have applied Edelman's distinction between primary and secondary consciousness, which we link to dreaming and waking respectively. In this paper we examine the implications of this contrastive analysis for theories of mental illness. We conclude that while dreaming is an almost perfect model of organic psychosis, it is less so for schizophrenia and major affective disor

How Cognitive Load Affects Dynamic Trust Calibration in Human-AI Collaboration: Evidence for Selective Pathway Effects.

ObjectiveThis study examined whether cognitive load produces selective effects on different trust updating pathways in AI-assisted decision making.BackgroundAlthough cognitive load affects trust in automation, its influence on the mechanisms of trial-by-trial trust updating remains unclear.MethodsA dual-task paradigm embedded in a mining exploration task manipulated cognitive load while capturing dynamic trust calibration. Guided by a dual-pathway framework, we operationalized process-based (analytical evaluation of AI recommendation correctness) and outcome-based (heuristic reliance on task o

Fast and Flexible Flow Decompositions in General Graphs via Dominators.

Multi-assembly methods rely at their core on a flow decomposition problem, namely, decomposing a weighted graph into weighted paths or walks. However, most results over the past decade have focused on decompositions over directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). This limitation has led to either purely heuristic methods or, in applications, transforming a graph with cycles into a DAG via preprocessing heuristics. In this article, we show that flow decomposition problems can also be solved in practice on general graphs with cycles via a framework that yields fast and flexible mixed-integer linear program…

Multiscale modelling of birth-death processes.

Many biological systems exhibit multiscale dynamics, where some species occur in high copy numbers while others remain rare. This heterogeneity necessitates hybrid modelling approaches: deterministic models are computationally efficient but inaccurate for low-count species, while fully stochastic simulations are accurate but prohibitively expensive. Threshold-based hybrid methods, such as the Jump-Switch-Flow (JSF) algorithm, address this by simulating low-count species stochastically and high-count species deterministically, switching at a user-chosen threshold Ω . In such methods, the choice

Changes in modifiable risk factors in women at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Modifiable lifestyle factors exert a substantial influence on the development of various diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the implementation of containment measures to mitigate the viral spread, which affected the maintenance of healthy habits. METHODS: Changes in lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity, nutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol) within a cohort of German women at increased risk of breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC) were evaluated through an anonymous web-based survey. The self-reported assessment of mental health was conducted using the PHQ-4 ques

An iterative algorithm for optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies considering unknown supply.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The distribution of the newly developed vaccines presents a great challenge in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Policy makers must decide which subgroups should be vaccinated first to minimize the negative consequences of the pandemic. These decisions must be made upfront and under uncertainty regarding the amount of vaccine doses available at a given time. The objective of the present work was to develop an iterative optimization algorithm, which provides a prioritization order of predefined subgroups. The results of this algorithm should be optimal but also robust w

Changing outcome in inflammatory neuropathies: Rasch-comparative responsiveness.

OBJECTIVES: We performed responsiveness comparison between the patient-reported Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) and the widely used clinician-reported Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment-Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (INCAT-ONLS) in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and immunoglobulin M-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance related polyneuropathy (IgM-MGUSP). METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven patients (GBS: 55, CIDP: 59, IgM-MGUSP: 23) with a new diagnosis or clin

Isn't criterion A rather than B the language of psychotherapy?: Comment on Sauer-Zavala et al. (2022).

Comments on the article by S. Sauer-Zavala et al. (see record 2022-23735-001), which presents BPD-Compass as a new intervention for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Sauer-Zavala et al. have written a stimulating article that challenges fixed beliefs about the treatment of personality disorders and offers the first attempt to design a treatment according to the heuristic framework of the alternative model of personality disorders. This article presents several elements of the direction our field is developing to but may have underrated the importance of Criterion A in designing good-quali

Genetic disorders of membrane transport. IV. Wilson's disease and Menkes disease.

Copper is an essential transition metal that permits the facile transfer of electrons in a series of critical biochemical pathways. Menkes disease and Wilson's disease are inherited disorders of copper metabolism resulting from the absence or dysfunction of homologous copper-transporting ATPases that reside in the trans-Golgi network of all cells. Despite striking differences in the clinical presentation of these two diseases, the respective ATPases function in precisely the same manner within the cell and the unique clinical features of each disease are entirely the result of the tissue-speci

The classification of phobic disorders.

The history of classification of phobic disorders is reviewed. Problems in the ability of current classification schemes to predict, control and describe the relationship between the symptoms and other phenomena are outlined. A new classification of phobic disorders is proposed based on the presence or absence of an endogenous anxiety syndrome with the phobias. The two categories of phobic disorder have a different clinical presentation and course, a different mean age of onset, distribution of age of onset, sex distribution, response to treatment modalities, GSR testing and habituation respon

Relative Resuscitation Capacity: A Practical Framework for Pediatric Intravenous Access.

BACKGROUND: Adequate intravenous (IV) access is a key component of anesthetic care, but this concept is often discussed in qualitative rathe … ate IV catheter selection across patients of all ages. This approach helps to translate adult-based heuristics to pediatric practice and to define large-bore access quantitatively.

Time series-based forecasting of infectious disease outbreak using information systems in public health.

INTRODUCTION: The escalating frequency of infectious disease outbreaks underscores the urgent need for reliable forecasting systems to support timely public health interventions. Existing approaches-ranging from statistical heuristics to black-box deep learning models-often lack domain awareness, adaptability, and interpretability, limiting their utility in dynamic outbreak scenarios. METHODS: This study proposes EpiCastNet, a forecasting framework that integrates spatiotemporal attention mechanisms with a hybrid encoding architecture to jointly model empirical patterns and rule-based constra…

An Expertise Transfer Framework For Autonomous Surgical Assistance.

Autonomous surgery holds the potential to transform operative practice by enhancing procedural safety and consistency. While substantial progress has been made on episodic sub-tasks, achieving autonomy for long-horizon tasks that span the entire procedure remains challenging. Current logic-based heuristics and end-to-end learning approaches, though effective for short-term actions, struggle to adapt to the evolving dynamics of complete surgical workflows. To address this gap, an expertise transfer framework is introduced to achieve procedure-spanning autonomous view assistance by emulating exp…

Interrogating the synthetic likelihood of metal-organic frameworks: a digital discovery perspective.

Digital discovery of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has advanced rapidly, driven by the tremendously large number of experimentally synthes … physically grounded metric for assessing synthesizability, is presented. Then, emerging data-driven heuristics, such as synthetic scores, classification models for synthesizability prediction, and machine-learning methods for predicting synthesis conditions directly from atomic structures, are discussed. Finally, we offer an outlook on future directions, inc …

Drug & virus transport across biological barriers: interactions, diffusion, partitioning, permeability, and selectivity.

Biological barriers protect the human body by selectively blocking foreign material. Designing particles with coatings that efficiently transport across these barriers can increase the effectiveness and feasibility of advanced therapeutics. In particular, the mucus barrier protects the intestines, lungs, eyes, etc., complicating oral, inhaled, or ocular drug delivery. Heuristics for particle design are currently limited to the rate of diffusion within the barrier. Relying on first-principles theories for colloidal scale interactions, a cohesive model of the transport of particles through biolo…

Fast and memory efficient partial order alignment with minipoa.

Partial order alignment (POA) has emerged as a fundamental component in long-read error correction, assembly and pangenomics. However, conventional POA algorithms are limited by high time and memory requirements, making them inefficient for large-scale data sets. Here, we present minipoa, a fast and memory-efficient POA tool that incorporates seed-chain-align heuristics, adaptive or static banding strategies, and single-instruction multiple-data optimizations. Minipoa achieves up to a fivefold speedup over abPOA, reduces memory usage by up to 16-fold, and improves correction accuracy, while ma…

К крупномасштабным квантовым оптимистам с небольшим количеством кубиков.

Квантовые компьютеры обещают более эффективные комбинаторные оптимизирующие решения, которые могут изменить игру для широкого круга приложений. Однако одним из узких мест для материализации таких преимуществ является то, что для того, чтобы бросить вызов классическим алгоритмам на практике, основные подходы требуют ряда кубитов непомерно больших размеров для краткосрочного оборудования. Здесь мы введем вариационное решение проблем MaxCut на m=O(nk) бинарные переменные, используя только n квиты, с тунцом k > 1. Количество параметров и глубина цепи демонстрируют мягкие линейные и подлинейные диа

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Quantum computers hold the promise of more efficient combinatorial optimization solvers, which could be game-changing for a broad range of a … ation ratios estimated to be beyond the hardness threshold 0.941. Our findings offer an interesting heuristics for quantum-inspired solvers as well as a promising route towards solving commercially-relevant problems on near-term quantum devices.

InfEHR: Clinical phenotype resolution through deep geometric learning on electronic health records.

Electronic health records contain multimodal data that can inform clinical decisions but are often unsuited for advanced machine learning an … alth records from Mount Sinai Health System and UC Irvine Medical Center against physician-provided heuristics on neonatal culture-negative sepsis (3% prevalence) and postoperative acute kidney injury (21% prevalence). InfEHR demonstrated superior performance: for culture-negative sepsis (sensitivity: 0.60 vs. 0.04, specificity: 0.98 vs. 0.99) and post-opera …